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The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Aug 2019Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study...
Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study aims to report the prevalence of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, and assess the association of breed, age, sex, and anatomical locations with the development of common tumor types. A total of 1,435 cases of cutaneous tumors were examined, of which 813 (56.66%) cases were malignant, and 622 (43.34%) were benign. Soft tissue sarcomas (18.40%), mast cell tumor (16.24%), lipoma (9.69%), hair follicle tumors (9.34%), and benign sebaceous tumors (8.50%) outnumbered the other tumor types. Tumors were commonly found on the head (13.87%), hindlimb (10.52%), forelimb (8.01%), chest (5.78%), and neck (5.57%). The risk of developing cutaneous tumors increased significantly in dogs aged 11-year and above (P<0.001). Mixed-breed dogs (14.63%), Miniature Dachshund (9.90%), and Labrador Retriever (8.01%) were the three most presented breeds; while Boxer, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Golden Retriever had an increased risk of cutaneous tumor development in comparison to mixed-breed dogs (P<0.05). Epidemiological information from the present study will serve as a useful reference for regional veterinarians to establish a preliminary diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Japan; Lipoma; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sarcoma; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31257236
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0248 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Oct 2018Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor initiated by infection of endothelial cells (ECs) with KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is dependent on sustained...
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor initiated by infection of endothelial cells (ECs) with KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is dependent on sustained proinflammatory signals provided by intralesional leukocytes and continued infection of new ECs. However, the sources of these cytokines and infectious virus within lesions are not fully understood. Here, mast cells (MCs) are identified as proinflammatory cells within KS lesions that are permissive for, and activated by, infection with KSHV. Three validated MC lines were used to assess permissivity of MCs to infection with KSHV and to evaluate MCs activation following infection. Biopsies from 31 AIDS-KS cases and 11 AIDS controls were evaluated by IHC for the presence of MCs in KS lesions and assessment of MC activation state and infection with KSHV. Plasma samples from 26 AIDS-KS, 13 classic KS, and 13 healthy adults were evaluated for levels of MC granule contents tryptase and histamine. In culture, MCs supported latent and lytic KSHV infection, and infection-induced MC degranulation. Within KS lesions, MCs were closely associated with spindle cells. Furthermore, MC activation was extensive within patients with KS, reflected by elevated circulating levels of tryptase and a histamine metabolite. One patient with clinical signs of extensive MC activation was treated with antagonists of MC proinflammatory mediators, which resulted in a rapid and durable regression of AIDS-KS lesions. Using complimentary and studies we identify MCs as a potential long-lived reservoir for KSHV and a source of proinflammatory mediators within the KS lesional microenvironment. In addition, we identify MC antagonists as a promising novel therapeutic approach for KS. .
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mast Cells; Methylhistamines; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Skin; Tryptases
PubMed: 30084838
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0873 -
Malawi Medical Journal : the Journal of... Mar 2018Neurofibromatosis is a genetically inherited disorder of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord) which mainly affects the development of nerve (neural) cell tissues,...
BACKGROUND
Neurofibromatosis is a genetically inherited disorder of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord) which mainly affects the development of nerve (neural) cell tissues, causing tumors (neurofibromas) to develop on nerves. It is the most common single gene disorder of the nervous system and inheritance is through autosomal dominance. They are usually classified into types 1 and 2, the type 1 is the commoner type and also known as superficial neurofibroma. Plexiform neurofibromas are the next most common type of tumor in individuals with type 1 neurofibroma. Plexiform neurofibromas are histologically benign tumors that are made up of a variety of cell types including neuronal axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, perineural cells and extracellular matrix materials such as collagen. They can occur in any part of the body and can grow throughout the person's lifetime, often becoming disfiguring, disabling or deadly via compression of vital structures or conversion to a malignant sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath turmor. The aim of this report is to present a large penile plexiform neurofibroma which required extensive dissection for complete excision and reconstruction of the phallus and glans penis.
OBJECTIVES
To present a huge penile plexiform neurofibroma and the mode of surgical treatment.
METHODS
The huge penile plexiform neurofibroma was completely excised and the penile defect resulting from the excision was repaired.
CONCLUSION
Plexiform neurofibromas are congenital tumors of peripheral nerve sheaths which may also develop near nerve roots deep within the body. They are usually benign but carry a malignant potential in 5-10% of patients. Plexiform neurofibromas are commoner in the face, chest and limbs but the index case occurred on the penile shaft.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Neurofibroma, Plexiform; Penile Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29868161
DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v30i1.11 -
Medicine May 2018Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by clonal neoplastic proliferation of mast cells (MCs). It ranges from skin lesions as cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) which may... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by clonal neoplastic proliferation of mast cells (MCs). It ranges from skin lesions as cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) which may spontaneously regress to highly aggressive neoplasms with multiorgan involvement corresponding to some aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), mast cell leukemia (MCL), and/or mast cell sarcoma (MCS).There is increasing evidence of CD30 expression in neoplastic MCs of the bone marrow. This expression has been described almost exclusively in aggressive forms of systemic mastocytosis (SM).The aim of the present study is to evaluate CD30 expression both in cutaneous and systemic forms of mastocytosis. Forty-two mastocytosis cases were reviewed, including cutaneous (n = 29) and systemic (n = 13) forms to assess the prevalence of CD30 expression. Thirty-nine out of 42 (92.8%) cases were CD30 positive. In cases of CM, 28/29 (96.5%) cases were CD30 positive, 11/13 cases of SM (84.6%) were positive for CD30. MCs in normal skin biopsies and in urticaria lesions were CD30-negative. This study found that CD30 is also frequently expressed in CM as well as in systemic forms. This finding is a major departure from the prevailing concept that CD30 expression is often related to aggressive systemic forms of mastocytosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-1 Antigen; Mast Cells; Mastocytosis; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Retrospective Studies; Skin
PubMed: 29794740
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010642 -
Sarcoma 2018In newly diagnosed osteosarcoma (OS) patients, the time between surgery and resumption of chemotherapy is 2-7 weeks. Delays > 16 days are associated with increased...
BACKGROUND
In newly diagnosed osteosarcoma (OS) patients, the time between surgery and resumption of chemotherapy is 2-7 weeks. Delays > 16 days are associated with increased risk of relapse and decreased overall survival. Identifying an effective therapy that can be used postoperatively may prevent relapse. We investigated whether aerosol gemcitabine (GCB) initiated after tumor resection inhibited the growth of OS lung metastases without affecting the wound-healing process.
METHODS
Mice were injected intratibially with OS cells. Amputation was performed when the tumor reached 1.5 cm. Full-thickness excisional wounds were also made on the dorsal skin and tail. Aerosol GCB or PBS was initiated 48 hours after amputation (3 times/week for 3 weeks). Wound sections were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 (proliferation), CD31 (vessels), VEGF, IL-10, bFGF, mast cells, macrophages, and M1/M2 macrophage ratios. The lungs were analyzed for macro- and micrometastases.
RESULTS
Aerosol GCB inhibited the growth of the lung metastases but had no effect on the 3 phases of wound healing in the dorsal skin, tail, or bone. Production of cytokines at the wound sites was the same.
CONCLUSION
These data indicate that initiating aerosol GCB postoperatively may kill residual lung metastases thereby preventing relapse and improve survival.
PubMed: 29610563
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3143096 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2017OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IV diphenhydramine hydrochloride administration on cardiorespiratory variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing mast cell tumor (MCT)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IV diphenhydramine hydrochloride administration on cardiorespiratory variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing mast cell tumor (MCT) excision. DESIGN Randomized, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS 16 client-owned dogs with MCTs. PROCEDURES In a standardized isoflurane anesthesia session that included mechanical ventilation, dogs received diphenhydramine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], IV; n = 8) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (IV; control treatment; 8) 10 minutes after induction. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded throughout anesthesia and MCT excision, and blood samples for determination of plasma diphenhydramine and histamine concentrations were collected prior to premedication (baseline), throughout anesthesia, and 2 hours after extubation. RESULTS Cardiorespiratory values in both treatment groups were acceptable for anesthetized dogs. Mean ± SD diastolic arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in the diphenhydramine versus control group during tumor dissection (52 ± 10 mm Hg vs 62 ± 9 mm Hg) and surgical closure (51 ± 10 mm Hg vs 65 ± 9 mm Hg). Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in the diphenhydramine versus control group during surgical closure (65 ± 12 mm Hg vs 78 ± 11 mm Hg), despite a higher cardiac index value. Plasma histamine concentrations were nonsignificantly higher than baseline during maximal manipulation of the tumor and surgical preparation in the diphenhydramine group and during surgical dissection in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV administration of diphenhydramine prior to MCT excision had no clear clinical cardiorespiratory benefits over placebo in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Pressure; Diphenhydramine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma
PubMed: 28967819
DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.7.804 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Nov 2017Low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with cancer in dogs. Little research has examined what other factors may affect 25(OH)D... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with cancer in dogs. Little research has examined what other factors may affect 25(OH)D concentrations.
OBJECTIVES
(1) To determine whether the presence of cancer (lymphoma, osteosarcoma, or mast cell tumor [MCT]) in dogs is associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and (2) identify other factors related to plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs.
ANIMALS
Dogs newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma (n = 21), lymphoma (n = 27), and MCT (n = 21) presented to a tertiary referral oncology center, and healthy, client-owned dogs (n = 23).
METHODS
An observational study design was used. Dietary vitamin D intake, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score (MCS), and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH) D) (a marker of CYP24A1 activity), as well as ionized calcium (ICa), parathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone-related protein concentrations were measured. An analysis of covariance was used to model plasma 25(OH)D concentrations.
RESULTS
Cancer type (P = 0.004), plasma 24,25(OH) D concentrations (P < 0.001), and plasma ICa concentrations (P = 0.047) had significant effects on plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. Effects of age, sex, body weight, BCS, MCS, and plasma PTH concentrations were not identified. A significant interaction between ICa and cancer was found (P = 0.005). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased as ICa concentrations increased in dogs with cancer, whereas plasma 25(OH)D concentrations decreased as ICa concentrations increased in healthy dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Results support a relationship between cancer and altered vitamin D metabolism in dogs, mediated by plasma ICa concentrations. The CYP24A1 activity and plasma ICa should be measured in studies examining plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Lymphoma; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasms; Osteosarcoma; Parathyroid Hormone; Vitamin D; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
PubMed: 28941306
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14834 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Sep 2017Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are commonly encountered in dogs and have been reported in cutaneous, conjunctival, oral mucosal, and gastrointestinal locations, but not in an...
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are commonly encountered in dogs and have been reported in cutaneous, conjunctival, oral mucosal, and gastrointestinal locations, but not in an intramuscular location. Medical records at 2 referral centers in the UK were examined to find cases of MCTs in this location. Seven dogs were identified as having an intramuscular MCT by a combination of fine-needle aspirate cytology and computed tomography or ultrasound. None of the dogs had evidence of local lymph node metastasis. Six dogs had no evidence of distant metastasis and surgery was carried out as the primary treatment option. Three of those dogs also had adjunctive chemotherapy due to a high Ki67 value or high mitotic index. All 6 dogs that had had surgery were alive at follow-up with a minimum elapsed time of 7 months. One dog had a course of chemotherapy due to the location, size, and evidence of biological activity of the tumor and died 23 days afterwards. The prognosis of intramuscular mast cell tumors appears to be favorable in most cases.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 28878416
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Aug 2017The medical records of 4 dogs with histologically confirmed intranasal mast cell tumors (MCTs) were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biological behavior....
The medical records of 4 dogs with histologically confirmed intranasal mast cell tumors (MCTs) were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biological behavior. Information on signalment, presenting clinical signs, tumor grade, treatment administered, and survival times was obtained from the medical record. All 4 patients had high grade tumors and received chemotherapy. Survival times ranged from 27 to 134 days. All 4 dogs showed signs of local or distant disease progression, suggestive of an aggressive behavior of intranasal MCTs.
Topics: Animals; Disease-Free Survival; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Nose Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28761193
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2017Two dogs were presented, each with a large solitary pulmonary mass, and cytology confirmed mast cell tumor (MCT) in each dog. One dog was euthanized following diagnosis....
Two dogs were presented, each with a large solitary pulmonary mass, and cytology confirmed mast cell tumor (MCT) in each dog. One dog was euthanized following diagnosis. Thoracic computed tomography scan and exploratory thoracotomy of the second dog revealed a right pulmonary mass that would require a radical lung resection. The patient was euthanized and histopathology confirmed a poorly granulated MCT with characteristics suggestive of epitheliotropism, an uncommon finding with MCT. These represent the first reported cases of presumptive primary pulmonary MCT in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fatal Outcome; Lung Neoplasms; Mast-Cell Sarcoma
PubMed: 28588331
DOI: No ID Found