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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Jan 2024Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal...
Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited. Here, we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020, evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics, and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet. The results revealed a high detection frequency of carbendazim in fruits (26.4%) and high concentrations in vegetables (∼110 mg kg), indicating widespread misuse of the fungicide. The acute risks of consuming certain vegetables and cereals exceeded the recommended limits by up to 12 and 5 times, respectively. Although there has been a decline in carbendazim residue levels in food since the implementation of the Chinese government's action plan for zero growth of pesticide use in 2015, some provinces still exhibited high levels of carbendazim in multiple food categories, which were positively correlated with annual pesticide application. We highlight that carbendazim contamination reflects the broader issue of pesticide use in China. It emphasizes the need for committed and targeted national policies to reduce carbendazim residues in food and suggests that such measures could also regulate the use of other pesticides, given that pesticide abuse in China is not limited to specific types. We call for the re-evaluation of maximum residue limits of carbendazim, particularly in highly consumed foods such as cereals.
PubMed: 37560751
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100301 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against , , , ,...
A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against , , , , and . The structures of target compounds were characterized by H NMR, H NMR, F NMR and HRMS. The preliminary antifungal evaluation of all target compounds showed that some target compounds possessed moderate to good activities against , , and . Among them, compounds and exhibited noticeable inhibition effects against with the EC values (effective concentration for 50% activity) of 20.06 and 23.17 g/ml, respectively, which were even nearly double effective than that of hymexazol (40.51 g/ml). Meanwhile, compound displayed a notable inhibitory effect toward , with the EC value of 26.66 μg/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (32.77 g/ml). In addition, compound yielded the EC value of 15.37 g/ml against , which was less than those of hymexazol (18.35 g/ml) and carbendazim (34.41 g/ml). Eventually, compound showed higher inhibitory effect against , with EC value of 26.76 g/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (>50 g/ml).
PubMed: 37547906
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1233443 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Weed and soil-borne pathogens could synergistically affect vegetable growth and result in serious losses. Investigation of agricultural bioactive metabolites from...
Weed and soil-borne pathogens could synergistically affect vegetable growth and result in serious losses. Investigation of agricultural bioactive metabolites from marine-derived fungus yielded polyketides (-), benzopyrones (-), meroterpenoid derivatives (), and alkaloid (). The structures and absolute configurations of new , , - and were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparisons between measured and calculated ECD and C NMR data. Compounds -, and showed herbicidal potentials against the radicle growth of seedlings. Especially exhibited inhibition rates over 90% at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/mL, even better than the commonly used chemical herbicide acetochlor. Furthermore, also performed a wide herbicidal spectrum against the malignant weeds , , and . Compounds - showed antifungal activities against carbendazim-resistant strains of , with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/mL, which were better than those of carbendazim (MIC = 256 μg/mL). Especially exhibited integrated effects against both soil-borne pathogens and weed. Overall, marine-derived fungus , which produces herbicidal and antifungal metabolites -, showed the potential for use as a microbial pesticide to control both weed and soil-borne pathogens.
PubMed: 37504705
DOI: 10.3390/jof9070716 -
Micromachines Mar 2023In the present work, we reported on a method to combine amino β-cyclodextrins (CD1) with reduced graphene oxide (obtained by the electrochemical reduction of graphene...
In the present work, we reported on a method to combine amino β-cyclodextrins (CD1) with reduced graphene oxide (obtained by the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide, erGO) to produce a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE). This procedure avoids the use of organic solvents such as hydrazine or long reaction times and high temperatures. The material combining both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE) was characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, Raman, XPS, and electrochemical techniques. As proof-of-concept, the determination of the pesticide carbendazim was carried out. The spectroscopic measurements, especially XPS, proved that CD1 was covalently attached to the surface of the erGO/GCE electrode. The attachment of cyclodextrin at the reduced graphene oxide produced an increase in the electrochemical behavior of the electrode. The cyclodextrin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide, CD1-erGO/GCE, showed a larger sensitivity (1.01 μA/μM) and a lower limit of detection for carbendazim (LOD = 0.50 μM) compared with the non-functionalized material, erGO/GCE, (sensitivity = 0.63 μA/μM and LOD = 4.32 μM, respectively). Overall, the results of the present work show that this simple method is suitable to attach cyclodextrins to graphene oxide, maintaining their inclusion abilities.
PubMed: 37420979
DOI: 10.3390/mi14040746 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land...
The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land use have been associated to water pollution problems, including the emission of untreated urban wastewater and pesticides. Here we provide the first report on the influence of urbanization and intensive agriculture expansion on water quality parameters, pesticide contamination and the ecological status of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems of Ecuador. We monitored 19 water quality parameters, 27 pesticides, and the macroinvertebrate community in 40 sampling locations of the Napo River basin (northern Ecuador), including a nature conservation reserve and sites in areas influenced by African palm oil production, corn production and urbanization. The ecological risks of pesticides were assessed using a probabilistic approach based on species sensitivity distributions. The results of our study show that urban areas and areas dominated by African palm oil production have a significant influence on water quality parameters, affecting macroinvertebrate communities and biomonitoring indices. Pesticide residues were detected in all sampling sites, with carbendazim, azoxystrobin, diazinon, propiconazole and imidacloprid showing the largest prevalence (>80% of the samples). We found a significant effect of land use on water pesticide contamination, with residues of organophosphate insecticides correlating with African palm oil production and some fungicides with urban areas. The pesticide risk assessment indicated organophosphate insecticides (ethion, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, profenofos and prothiophos) and imidacloprid as the compounds posing the largest ecotoxicological hazard, with pesticide mixtures potentially affecting up to 26-29% of aquatic species. Ecological risks of organophosphate insecticides were more likely to occur in rivers surrounded by African palm oil plantations, while imidacloprid risks were identified in corn crop areas as well as in natural areas. Future investigations are needed to clarify the sources of imidacloprid contamination and to assess its effects for Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.
Topics: Pesticides; Ecuador; Insecticides; Water Quality; Ecosystem; Palm Oil; Urbanization; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Agriculture; Fresh Water; Rivers; Chlorpyrifos
PubMed: 37379974
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139286 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Terbinafine, an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase in ergosterol biosynthesis, is chiefly utilized as an antifungal medication with potential uses in pesticide...
Terbinafine, an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase in ergosterol biosynthesis, is chiefly utilized as an antifungal medication with potential uses in pesticide applications. This study explores the fungicidal efficacy of terbinafine against prevalent plant pathogens and confirms its effectiveness. To augment its water solubility, five ionic salts of terbinafine were synthesized by pairing them with organic acids. Among these salts, TIS 5 delivered the most impressive results, amplifying the water solubility of terbinafine by three orders of magnitude and lessening its surface tension to facilitate better dispersion during spraying. The in vivo experiments on cherry tomatoes showed that TIS 5 had a superior therapeutic activity compared to its parent compound and two commonly used broad-spectrum fungicides, pyraclostrobin and carbendazim. The results highlight the potential of terbinafine and its ionic salts, particularly TIS 5, for use as fungicides in agriculture due to their synergistic effects with furan-2-carboxylate.
Topics: Terbinafine; Salts; Fungicides, Industrial; Naphthalenes; Antifungal Agents; Water
PubMed: 37375277
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124722 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Exposure to food contaminants continues to be a substantial source of human health risks all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Carbendazim (CBZ) is a...
Exposure to food contaminants continues to be a substantial source of human health risks all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Carbendazim (CBZ) is a chemical fungicide used to control the spread of various fungi and other pathogens in the agriculture and veterinary sectors. The hazardous effects of CBZ on human health occur due to the accumulation of its residues in agricultural food products. In this study, the possible hepatoprotective effects of L. () extract were evaluated in CBZ-treated rats. A GC-MS analysis revealed that extract contained several bioactive hydrocarbon components and fatty acids, and that the components exerted hepatic protection by mitigating oxidative stress via upregulating antioxidant agents and neutralizing nitrogen and oxygen free radicals. Moreover, extracts relieved hepatic inflammation via decreasing NO, NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6) in the liver of CBZ-treated rats, both at protein and mRNA levels. In addition, the protective effect of has appeared in the histopathological figures and function markers in the livers of CBZ-treated rats. According to the present results, extract can protect the hepatic tissue and restore its functions to a control level in CBZ-treated rats; this effect may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Antioxidants; Adiantum; Plant Extracts; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Liver; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
PubMed: 37375275
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124720 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Carbendazim (CBZ) abuse can lead to pesticide residues, which may threaten the environment and human health. In this paper, a portable three-electrode sensor based on...
Carbendazim (CBZ) abuse can lead to pesticide residues, which may threaten the environment and human health. In this paper, a portable three-electrode sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) was proposed for the electrochemical detection of CBZ. Compared with the traditional preparation method of graphene, LIG is prepared by exposing the polyimide film to a laser, which is easily produced and patterned. To enhance the sensitivity, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were electrodeposited on the surface of LIG. Under optimal conditions, our prepared sensor (LIG/Pt) has a good linear relationship with CBZ concentration in the range of 1-40 μM, with a low detection limit of 0.67 μM. Further, the sensor shows good recovery rates for the detection of CBZ in wastewater, which provides a fast and reliable method for real-time analysis of CBZ residues in water samples.
PubMed: 37372489
DOI: 10.3390/foods12122277 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback... (Review)
Review
Microbial Biological Control of Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Strain Diversity, Modes of Action, and Advantages and Limits of Current Strategies.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback are the most current GTDs caused by fungi in mature vineyards. Their incidence has increased over the last two decades, mainly after the ban of sodium arsenate, carbendazim, and benomyl in the early 2000s. Since then, considerable efforts have been made to find alternative approaches to manage these diseases and limit their propagation. Biocontrol is a sustainable approach to fight against GTD-associated fungi and several microbiological control agents have been tested against at least one of the pathogens involved in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogens responsible, the various potential biocontrol microorganisms selected and used, and their origins, mechanisms of action, and efficiency in various experiments carried out , in greenhouses, and/or in vineyards. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches to protect grapevines against GTDs, as well as the future perspectives for their improvement.
PubMed: 37367574
DOI: 10.3390/jof9060638 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Jun 2023Green emission carbon dots (CDs) electrochemically prepared from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and o-phenyl-enediamine were applied separately for the quantitation of...
Green emission carbon dots (CDs) electrochemically prepared from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and o-phenyl-enediamine were applied separately for the quantitation of hypochlorite and carbendazim. The characteristic and optical properties of the CDs were studied through fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized CDs were mainly 0.8-2.2 nm in size, with an average size of 1.5 nm. The CDs exhibited green luminescence centered at 520 nm when excited by 420 nm light. The green emission of the CDs is quenched after the addition of hypochlorite, mainly through the redox reaction between hypochlorite and hydroxyl groups on the CDs surface. Furthermore, the hypochlorite-induced fluorescence quenched can be prevented in the presence of carbendazim. The sensing approaches exhibit good linear ranges of 1-50 μM and 0.05-5 μM for hypochlorite and carbendazim, respectively, with low detection limits of 0.096 and 0.005 μM, respectively. Practicalities of the luminescent probes were separately validated by the quantitation of the two analytes in real sample matrix with recoveries ranging from 96.3 to 108.9% and the relative standard deviation values below 5.51%. Our results show the potential of the sensitive, selective, and simple CD probe for water and food quality control.
Topics: Hypochlorous Acid; Quantum Dots; Carbon; Photoelectron Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37335167
DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3445