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BMC Microbiology Jul 2023Podoconiosis, a non-infectious disease originating from long-term exposure of bare feet to irritant red clay soil is a lifelong, disabling disease with no specific...
BACKGROUND
Podoconiosis, a non-infectious disease originating from long-term exposure of bare feet to irritant red clay soil is a lifelong, disabling disease with no specific diagnostic tool, classified into 5 stages based on the severity of leg swelling (lymphoedema). Secondary bacterial infections have been suggested to cause acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) attacks and drive disease progression. Although the North West Region of Cameroon has a proven history of podoconiosis endemicity, the bacterial composition of lymphoedema due to this condition has not been studied. Thus, this study investigated the leg bacterial diversity of patients who suffered from the lymphoedema and their susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out in which podoconiosis affected and non-lymphoedema individuals living in the same community were purposively selected. Samples were collected by swabbing the skin between the toes and around the anklebone, then cultured and sub-cultured on nutrient agar to obtain pure isolates. The cultured isolates were then morphologically and biochemically classified using microscopy and analytic profile index test kits, respectively. The disk diffusion technique was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.
RESULTS
Thirty-three participants were recruited, and 249 bacterial isolates were characterized into 29 genera, 60 species; with 30 (50%) being gram positive rods, 19 (31.7%) gram positive cocci, and 11 (18.3%) gram negative rods. Thirteen gram positive rods, fifteen gram positive cocci, and eight gram negative rods of bacterial species were found only in podoconiosis individuals among which Cellulomonas spp / Microbacterium spp. (2.8%), Staphylococcus lentus (3.3%), and Burkholderia cepacia (4.0%) dominated. 90% (90%) of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to doxycycline, whereas ampicillin had a high level of intermediate resistance, and penicillin G had the greatest resistant profile.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show that 94 (37.8%) out of 249 described bacterial isolates were exclusively found in the legs of podoconiosis individuals, and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics was similar to that of others.
Topics: Humans; Elephantiasis; Cameroon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lymphedema; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37460950
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02923-9 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as Cs and Cs. Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant....
Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as Cs and Cs. Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant. Radioactive contamination remediation using microorganisms has been the focus of numerous studies. We investigated the mechanism underlying Cs resistance in sp. TS-1 and other representative microorganisms, including . The addition of Mg effectively improved the Cs resistance of these microorganisms. When exposed to high concentrations of Cs, the ribosomes of Cs-sensitive mutants of TS-1 collapsed. Growth inhibition of in a high-concentration Cs environment was because of a drastic decrease in the intracellular potassium ion concentration and not the destabilization of the ribosomal complex. This is the first study demonstrating that the toxic effect of Cs on bacterial cells differs based on the presence of a Cs efflux mechanism. These results will aid in utilizing high-concentration Cs-resistant microorganisms for radioactive contamination remediation in the future.
PubMed: 37415808
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201121 -
BMC Microbiology Jul 2023Microorganisms that activate plant immune responses are useful for application as biocontrol agents in agriculture to minimize crop losses. The present study was...
BACKGROUND
Microorganisms that activate plant immune responses are useful for application as biocontrol agents in agriculture to minimize crop losses. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize plant immunity-activating microorganisms in Brassicaceae plants.
RESULTS
A total of 25 bacterial strains were isolated from the interior of a Brassicaceae plant, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis. Ten different genera of bacteria were identified: Pseudomonas, Leclercia, Enterobacter, Xanthomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Pantoea, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, and Plantibacter. The isolated strains were analyzed using a method to detect plant immunity-activating microorganisms that involves incubation of the microorganism with tobacco BY-2 cells, followed by treatment with cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor of tobacco immune responses. In this method, cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BY-2 cells serves as a marker of immune activation. Among the 25 strains examined, 6 strains markedly enhanced cryptogein-induced ROS production in BY-2 cells. These 6 strains colonized the interior of Arabidopsis plants, and Pseudomonas sp. RS3R-1 and Rhodococcus sp. RS1R-6 selectively enhanced plant resistance to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum NBRC 14082, respectively. In addition, Pseudomonas sp. RS1P-1 effectively enhanced resistance to both pathogens. We also comprehensively investigated the localization (i.e., cellular or extracellular) of the plant immunity-activating components produced by the bacteria derived from R. sativus var. hortensis and the components produced by previously isolated bacteria derived from another Brassicaceae plant species, Brassica rapa var. perviridis. Most gram-negative strains enhanced cryptogein-induced ROS production in BY-2 cells via the presence of cells themselves rather than via extracellular components, whereas many gram-positive strains enhanced ROS production via extracellular components. Comparative genomic analyses supported the hypothesis that the structure of lipopolysaccharides in the outer cell envelope plays an important role in the ROS-enhancing activity of gram-negative Pseudomonas strains.
CONCLUSIONS
The assay method described here based on elicitor-induced ROS production in cultured plant cells enabled the discovery of novel plant immunity-activating bacteria from R. sativus var. hortensis. The results in this study also suggest that components involved in the ROS-enhancing activity of the bacteria may differ depending largely on genus and species.
Topics: Brassicaceae; Reactive Oxygen Species; Arabidopsis; Pseudomonas syringae; Plant Immunity; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37407947
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02920-y -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Jun 2023The food enzyme -amylase (4--d-glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) is produced with the non-genetically modified strain AE-AMT by Amano Enzyme Inc. In a previous...
The food enzyme -amylase (4--d-glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) is produced with the non-genetically modified strain AE-AMT by Amano Enzyme Inc. In a previous opinion, a safety evaluation of this food enzyme was completed, in which EFSA concluded that this food enzyme did not give rise to safety concerns when used in starch processing for maltodextrin production. The applicant has now provided new data to extend the use of this food enzyme to six additional food manufacturing processes: baking processes, cereal-based processes, plant processing for the production of dairy analogues, processing of tea, herbal and fruit infusions, brewing processes and the production of non-wine vinegar. For its use in a total of seven food manufacturing processes, the dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.012 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Using the toxicological data provided in the previous opinion, with a NOAEL of 230 mg TOS/kg bw per day (the highest dose tested), the Panel derived a margin of exposure of at least 19,167. Based on the revised exposure calculation and the outcome of the previous evaluation, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the revised intended conditions of use.
PubMed: 37396875
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8101 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Aug 2023A complete genome is presented for Microbacterium proteolyticum ustc, a member of the Gram-positive order of the phylum that is resistant to high concentrations of...
A complete genome is presented for Microbacterium proteolyticum ustc, a member of the Gram-positive order of the phylum that is resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals and participates in metal detoxification. The genome consists of one plasmid and one chromosome.
PubMed: 37395667
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00349-23 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023sp. PT13 is a wild strain with multiple predatory properties that prey on multiple model microorganisms preserved in the laboratory. However, the lysis spectrum of PT13...
INTRODUCTION
sp. PT13 is a wild strain with multiple predatory properties that prey on multiple model microorganisms preserved in the laboratory. However, the lysis spectrum of PT13 on typical soil bacteria and its driving effect on soil microecosystems are still unclear.
METHODS
In this study, the lawn predation method was used to determine the predation diameter of 62 typical soil bacteria by myxobacteria PT13 and analyze their lysis spectra.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results showed that PT13 had a predation diameter greater than 15 mm against typical soil microorganisms such as , , , , and and had an outstanding lysis effect but a significant preference ( < 0.05). Absolute high-throughput sequencing results showed that PT13 predation drove the microcosmic system composed of 16 bacterial genera, with a significant decrease in the Shannon index by 11.8% (CK = 2.04, = 1.80) and a significant increase in the Simpson index by 45.0% (CK = 0.20, = 0.29). The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that myxobacterial addition significantly disturbed the microcosmic microbial community structure (ANOSIM, < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the relative and absolute abundances (copy numbers) of , , , and decreased significantly very likely due to myxobacterial predation ( < 0.05). However, the predatory effect of PT13 also increased the relative or absolute abundances of some species, such as , , and . It can be concluded that PT13 has a broad-spectrum lysis spectrum but poor cleavage ability for , and the interaction between complex microorganisms limits the predation effect of PT13 on some prey bacteria. This in turn allows some prey to coexist with myxobacteria. This paper will lay a theoretical foundation for the regulation of soil microecology dominated by myxobacteria.
PubMed: 37378286
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211756 -
Microorganisms Jun 2023Microbial spoilage is a major cause of food waste. Microbial spoilage is dependent on the contamination of food from the raw materials or from microbial communities... (Review)
Review
Microbial spoilage is a major cause of food waste. Microbial spoilage is dependent on the contamination of food from the raw materials or from microbial communities residing in food processing facilities, often as bacterial biofilms. However, limited research has been conducted on the persistence of non-pathogenic spoilage communities in food processing facilities, or whether the bacterial communities differ among food commodities and vary with nutrient availability. To address these gaps, this review re-analyzed data from 39 studies from various food facilities processing cheese (n = 8), fresh meat (n = 16), seafood (n = 7), fresh produce (n = 5) and ready-to-eat products (RTE; n = 3). A core surface-associated microbiome was identified across all food commodities, including , , , , , and . Commodity-specific communities were additionally present in all food commodities except RTE foods. The nutrient level on food environment surfaces overall tended to impact the composition of the bacterial community, especially when comparing high-nutrient food contact surfaces to floors with an unknown nutrient level. In addition, the compositions of bacterial communities in biofilms residing in high-nutrient surfaces were significantly different from those of low-nutrient surfaces. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the microbial ecology of food processing environments, the development of targeted antimicrobial interventions and ultimately the reduction of food waste and food insecurity and the promotion of food sustainability.
PubMed: 37375077
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061575 -
Microbial Cell Factories Jun 202317β-estradiol (E2) residues exhibit harmful effects both for human and animals and have got global attention of the scientific community. Microbial enzymes are...
BACKGROUND
17β-estradiol (E2) residues exhibit harmful effects both for human and animals and have got global attention of the scientific community. Microbial enzymes are considered as one of the effective strategies having great potential for removal E2 residues from the environment. However, limited literature is available on the removal of E2 from wastewater using short-chain dehydrogenase.
RESULTS
In this study, 17β-estradiol degrading enzyme (17β-HSD-0095) was expressed and purified from Microbacterium sp. MZT7. The optimal pH and temperature for reaction was 7 and 40 °C, respectively. Molecular docking studies have shown that the ARG215 residue form a hydrogen bond with oxygen atom of the substrate E2. Likewise, the point mutation results have revealed that the ARG215 residue play an important role in the E2 degradation by 17β-HSD-0095. In addition, 17β-HSD-0095 could remediate E2 contamination in synthetic livestock wastewater.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings offer some fresh perspectives on the molecular process of E2 degradation and the creation of enzyme preparations that can degrade E2.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Wastewater; Microbacterium; Molecular Docking Simulation; Estradiol
PubMed: 37370116
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02119-w -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023The occurrence and progression of lung cancer are influenced by pulmonary microbiota, yet the relationship between changes in the pulmonary microbiota and lung cancer...
INTRODUCTION
The occurrence and progression of lung cancer are influenced by pulmonary microbiota, yet the relationship between changes in the pulmonary microbiota and lung cancer remains unclear.
METHODS
To investigate the correlation between pulmonary microbiota and the signature of lung lesions, we analyzed the microbial composition at sites adjacent to the stage 1 adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and benign lesion tissues in 49 patients by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We then conducted Linear discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and PICRUSt prediction based on 16S sequencing results.
RESULTS
Overall, the microbiota composition at sites close to lung lesions showed significant differences between different lesion types. Based on the results of LEfSe analysis, and are the dominant genera of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and benign lesions (BENL), respectively. Furthermore, we determined the diagnostic value of the abundance ratio of to in adenocarcinoma patients through ROC curve analysis. The PICRUSt analysis revealed 15 remarkably different metabolic pathways in these lesion types. In LUAD patients, the increase of the pathway associated with xenobiotic biodegradation may be due to the continuous proliferation of microbe with degradation ability of xenobiotics, which implied that LUAD patients are often exposed to harmful environment.
DISCUSSION
The abundance of was related to the development of lung cancer. By measuring the abundance of microbiota in diseased tissues, we can distinguish between different types of lesions. The differences in pulmonary microbiota between lesion types are significant in understanding the occurrence and development of lung lesions.
PubMed: 37361591
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163359 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Jun 2023Microbacterium sp. C448, isolated from a soil regularly exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ), can use various sulphonamide antibiotics as the sole carbon source for growth....
Effect of subtherapeutic and therapeutic sulfamethazine concentrations on transcribed genes and translated proteins involved in Microbacterium sp. C448 resistance and degradation.
Microbacterium sp. C448, isolated from a soil regularly exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ), can use various sulphonamide antibiotics as the sole carbon source for growth. The basis for the regulation of genes encoding the sulphonamide metabolism pathway, the dihydropteroate synthase sulphonamide target (folP), and the sulphonamide resistance (sul1) genes is unknown in this organism. In the present study, the response of the transcriptome and proteome of Microbacterium sp. C448 following exposure to subtherapeutic (33 µM) or therapeutic (832 µM) SMZ concentrations was evaluated. Therapeutic concentration induced the highest sad expression and Sad production, consistent with the activity of SMZ degradation observed in cellulo. Following complete SMZ degradation, Sad production tended to return to the basal level observed prior to SMZ exposure. Transcriptomic and proteomic kinetics were concomitant for the resistance genes and proteins. The abundance of Sul1 protein, 100-fold more abundant than FolP protein, did not change in response to SMZ exposure. Moreover, non-targeted analyses highlighted the increase of a deaminase RidA and a putative sulphate exporter expression and production. These two novel factors involved in the 4-aminophenol metabolite degradation and the export of sulphate residues formed during SMZ degradation, respectively, provided new insights into the Microbacterium sp. C448 SMZ detoxification process.
Topics: Microbacterium; Sulfamethazine; Soil Microbiology; Biodegradation, Environmental; Kinetics; Transcriptome; Proteome; Sulfonamides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Infective Agents; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Dihydropteroate Synthase
PubMed: 37309049
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad064