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Frontiers in Microbiology 2017Deep sea is a unique and extreme environment. It is a hot spot for hunting marine actinomycetes resources and secondary metabolites. The novel deep sea actinomycete... (Review)
Review
Deep sea is a unique and extreme environment. It is a hot spot for hunting marine actinomycetes resources and secondary metabolites. The novel deep sea actinomycete species reported from 2006 to 2016 including 21 species under 13 genera with the maximum number from , followed by and , and one novel species for the other 9 genera. Eight genera of actinomycetes were reported to produce secondary metabolites, among which is the richest producer. Most of the compounds produced by the deep sea actinomycetes presented antimicrobial and anti-cancer cell activities. Gene clusters related to biosynthesis of desotamide, heronamide, and lobophorin have been identified from the deep sea derived .
PubMed: 28507537
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00760 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2022Bacteria were isolated from wastewater and soil containing charred wood remnants based on their ability to use levoglucosan as a sole carbon source and on their...
Bacteria were isolated from wastewater and soil containing charred wood remnants based on their ability to use levoglucosan as a sole carbon source and on their levoglucosan dehydrogenase (LGDH) activity. On the basis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, these bacteria represented the diverse genera , , , and Klebsiella. Genomic sequencing of the isolates verified that two isolates represented novel species, MEC069 and MEC087, while the remaining isolates were closely related to Microbacterium lacusdiani or Klebsiella pneumoniae. The genetic sequence of LGDH, , was found in the genomes of these four isolates as well as Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3. The identity of the LGDH was experimentally verified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Comparison of the putative genes surrounding in the isolate genomes indicated that several other gene products facilitate the bacterial catabolism of levoglucosan, including a putative sugar isomerase and several transport proteins. Levoglucosan is the most prevalent soluble carbohydrate remaining after high-temperature pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, but it is not fermented by typical production microbes such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A few fungi metabolize levoglucosan via the enzyme levoglucosan kinase, while several bacteria metabolize levoglucosan via levoglucosan dehydrogenase. This study describes the isolation and characterization of four bacterial species that degrade levoglucosan. Each isolate is shown to contain several genes within an operon involved in levoglucosan degradation, furthering our understanding of bacteria that metabolize levoglucosan.
Topics: Biomass; Glucose; Paenibacillus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34910566
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01868-21 -
Toxins Jul 2022Aflatoxin B (AFB) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins, raising serious global health and economic problems. Searching for biological approaches for effective and safe...
Aflatoxin B (AFB) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins, raising serious global health and economic problems. Searching for biological approaches for effective and safe AFB degradation is imminent. In our study, B204 isolated from bovine faeces degraded 77% of AFB after 24 h, becoming the first reported bacteria from the Microbacterium family to possess AFB degradation characteristics. Temperature variation showed little effect on its degradation ratio, demonstrating high thermostability of 75% and 79% after boiling and sterilization, respectively. We suppose that the components playing a key role during this process were proteins, considering the decreased degradation rate caused by Proteinase K. Cell viability detection on HepG2 cells indicated that the degradation products were much less toxic than pure AFB. Furthermore, B204 cell-free culture supernatant also degraded AFB-contaminated food, such as peanuts, corn and cheese. These results suggested that this strain with AFB degradation properties could be a prospective candidate for application in the food and feed industries.
Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Animals; Arachis; Cattle; Feces; Inactivation, Metabolic; Microbacterium
PubMed: 36006187
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080525 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2023spp. are a group of microbes that have been recovered from a wide variety of environments in nature. Here, I report the complete genomic data for Microbacterium oxydans...
spp. are a group of microbes that have been recovered from a wide variety of environments in nature. Here, I report the complete genomic data for Microbacterium oxydans and Microbacterium maritypicum type strains that are already present in public culture repositories. The genome of the M. oxydans strain was 3,894,869 bp long, with a G+C content of 68.26%. The genome of the M. maritypicum strain was 3,668,377 bp long, with a G+C content of 68.44%.
PubMed: 36598287
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01089-22 -
Genome Medicine Jan 2022With over 350,000 estimated deaths worldwide in 2018, prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern and a significant cause of cancer-associated mortality...
BACKGROUND
With over 350,000 estimated deaths worldwide in 2018, prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern and a significant cause of cancer-associated mortality among men. While cancer in general is considered a disease of the human genome, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that changes to the healthy microbiota could play a vital role in cancer development, progression, and/or treatment outcome.
METHODS
Using a metatranscriptomic approach, we annotated the microbial reads obtained from total RNA sequencing of 106 prostate tissue samples from 94 PCa patients (discovery cohort). We investigated microbial dysbiosis associated with PCa by systematically comparing the microbiomes between benign and malignant tissue samples, between less vs. more-aggressive PCa, and between patients who had biochemical recurrence as opposed to those who did not. We further performed differential gene expression and cell type enrichment analysis to explore the host transcriptomic and cellular responses to selected microbial genera. A public dataset (GSE115414) of total RNA sequencing reads from 24 prostate tissue samples (8 benign and 16 malignant) served as the validation cohort.
RESULTS
We observed decreased species diversity and significant under-representation of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as well as significant over-abundance of Shewanella in malignant as compared to benign prostate tissue samples in both the discovery (p < 0.01) and validation (p < 0.05) cohorts. In addition, we identified Microbacterium species (p < 0.01) to be significantly over-abundant in pathologically advanced T3 tumors compared to T2 in the discovery cohort. Malignant samples having high vs. low Shewanella counts were associated with downregulated Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and decreased enrichment of dendritic cells. Malignant samples having low vs. high V. parahaemolyticus counts were enriched for olfactory transduction and drug metabolism pathways. Finally, malignant samples were enriched for M1 and M2 macrophages as compared to benign tissue samples.
CONCLUSIONS
The results from this exploratory study support the existence of an important biological link between the prostate microbiota and PCa development/progression. Our results highlight Shewanella, V. parahaemolyticus, and Microbacterium sp. as interesting candidates for further investigation of their association with PCa.
Topics: Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35078527
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01011-3 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Biofilm characteristics of D84 () and subsp. () on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm...
Biofilm characteristics of D84 () and subsp. () on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. biofilm structure was more developed compared to , representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and surface coverage (r = 0.89), while remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
PubMed: 33805651
DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611 -
WormBook : the Online Review of C.... Sep 2005A wide variety of bacterial pathogens, as well as several fungi, kill C. elegans or produce non-lethal disease symptoms. This allows the nematode to be used as a simple,... (Review)
Review
A wide variety of bacterial pathogens, as well as several fungi, kill C. elegans or produce non-lethal disease symptoms. This allows the nematode to be used as a simple, tractable model host for infectious disease. Human pathogens that affect C. elegans include gram-negative bacteria of genera Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia and Yersinia; gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus; and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbes that are not pathogenic to mammals, such as the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis and the nematode-specific Microbacterium nematophilum, are also studied with C. elegans. Many of the pathogens investigated colonize the C. elegans intestine, and pathology is usually quantified as decreased lifespan of the nematode. A few microbes adhere to the nematode cuticle, while others produce toxins that kill C. elegans without a requirement for whole, live pathogen cells to contact the worm. The rapid growth and short generation time of C. elegans permit extensive screens for mutant pathogens with diminished killing, and some of the factors identified in these screens have been shown to play roles in mammalian infections. Genetic screens for toxin-resistant C. elegans mutants have identified host pathways exploited by bacterial toxins.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Caenorhabditis elegans; Disease Models, Animal; Fungi; Humans; Intestines
PubMed: 18050390
DOI: 10.1895/wormbook.1.21.1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022Lake Vostok is the deepest lake of Antarctica but has poor accessibility for study due to a thick glacial cover, however, water samples of this lake have become...
Lake Vostok is the deepest lake of Antarctica but has poor accessibility for study due to a thick glacial cover, however, water samples of this lake have become available for study just recently. Previously, only the microbiome of the ice cover samples was characterized. Here we report results of bacteriological seeding with subsequent identification of the heterotrophic microorganisms (bacteria and micellar fungi) present by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as results of a direct molecular study of the water microbiome. Surprisingly, the data obtained gave evidence of a predominant occurrence of common chemoorganotrophs that were rather psychrotolerant than psychrophilic. We isolated and described strains belonging to eight heterotrophic microbial species able to grow in a rich medium: six bacterial strains belonging to the species and , , , sp. and ; and two fungal strains belonging to sp. and . Direct study of 16S rDNA purified water samples confirmed the predominance of the , , and () .
Topics: Antarctic Regions; DNA, Ribosomal; Lakes; Microbiota; Sphingomonadaceae; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 35409708
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074025 -
Microorganisms Sep 2021Mastitis is the most common disease for cattle, causing great economic losses for the global dairy industry. Recent studies indicate the multi-agent and microbiome...
Mastitis is the most common disease for cattle, causing great economic losses for the global dairy industry. Recent studies indicate the multi-agent and microbiome diversity of this disease. To understand the nature of mastitis and investigate the role of the microbiome in the development of pathologies in the udder of bovines, we performed NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of cow's milk with pathologies of the udder. The obtained data show a significant increase in the , , , , and genera for groups of cows with udder pathologies. Increasing relative abundance of the and genera was associated with subclinical mastitis. Our data show that a relative increase in abundance of the and genera may be an early sign of infection. We have shown, for the first time, an increase in the , and genera in groups of cows with mastitis. These results expand our understanding of the role of the microbiome in the development of bovine mastitis.
PubMed: 34576870
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091974 -
Journal of Nematology Feb 2022The reproductive span (RS) of organisms could be affected by different factors during their lifetime. In the model nematode, , RS is affected by both genetic and...
The reproductive span (RS) of organisms could be affected by different factors during their lifetime. In the model nematode, , RS is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, none of the factors identified so far were related to environmental bacteria, which may incidentally appear anywhere in the habitats of . We aimed to find environmental bacteria that could affect the RS of and related species. We tested 109 bacterial isolates and found that sp. CFBb37 increased the RS and lifespan of but reduced its brood size. We studied the effect of . sp. CFBb37 on the RS of , , and another Rhabditidae family species, sp., and found similar trends of RS extension in all three cases, suggesting that this bacterial species may induce the extension of RS broadly among species and possibly for many other Rhabditidae. This work will facilitate future research on the mechanism underlying the bacterial extension of RS of nematodes and possibly other animals.
PubMed: 35860519
DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2022-0010