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Environmental Health Perspectives Jun 2024
Topics: Osteoporosis; Cadmium; Humans; Environmental Pollutants; Animals
PubMed: 38896781
DOI: 10.1289/EHP15263 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2024Low bone mass density (BMD) is an extraintestinal finding in celiac disease (CD). This may result in bone fractures leading to loss in quality of life.
BACKGROUND
Low bone mass density (BMD) is an extraintestinal finding in celiac disease (CD). This may result in bone fractures leading to loss in quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
To assess BMD in male CD patients at diagnosis according to the patient's age.
METHODS
Descriptive retrospective carried out during the period between 2013 and 2023 in a single office that studied dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results in 28 male patients with a recent diagnosis of CD, divided into three groups: group 1 (age up to 18 years); group 2 (from 19 to 49 years of age) and group 3 (over 50 years of age). Were studied demographic and anthropometric parameters, time delay between symptoms onset and CD diagnosis and fracture occurrence.
RESULTS
Celiac patients studied had median age 36.0 years (IQR=16.5-50.7). Among them, 39.3% had osteopenia and 14.3% had osteoporosis. Only 36% of the sample had normal DXA values (group 1 with 37.5%; group 2 with 46% and group 3 with 14.2%). No pathological fracture was observed in this sample. CD diagnosis delay observed had median 1.0 year (IQR=1.0-4.7). When the number of individuals with normal and abnormal DXA results were compared, there was no difference in body mass index, time of diagnosis delay or Marsh classification (P=0.18).
CONCLUSION
Male patients at the time of CD diagnosis showed a high prevalence of low BMD, which was particularly evident in individuals over 50 years of age.
Topics: Humans; Male; Celiac Disease; Adult; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Young Adult; Adolescent; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Brazil; Age Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38896576
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.24612024-005 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Osteoporosis represents a systemic imbalance in bone metabolism, augmenting the susceptibility to fractures among patients and emerging as a notable mortality... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis represents a systemic imbalance in bone metabolism, augmenting the susceptibility to fractures among patients and emerging as a notable mortality determinant in the elderly population. It has evolved into a worldwide concern impacting the physical well-being of the elderly, imposing a substantial burden on both human society and the economy. Presently, the precise pathogenesis of osteoporosis remains inadequately characterized and necessitates further exploration. The advancement of osteoporosis is typically linked to the initiation of an inflammatory response. Cells in an inflammatory environment can cause inflammatory death including pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death with inflammatory properties, mediated by the caspase and gasdermin families. It is regarded as the most inflammatory form of cell death in contemporary medical research. Under the influence of diverse cytokines, macrophages, and other immune cells may undergo pyroptosis, releasing inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-18. Numerous lines of evidence highlight the pivotal role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, intestinal disorders, hepatic conditions, and cutaneous ailments. Osteoporosis progression is frequently associated with inflammation; hence, pyroptosis may also play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis to a certain extent, making it a potential target for treatment. This paper has provided a comprehensive summary of pertinent research concerning pyroptosis and its impact on osteoporosis. The notion proposing that pyroptosis mediates osteoporosis via the inflammatory immune microenvironment is advanced, and we subsequently investigate potential targets for treating osteoporosis through the modulation of pyroptosis.
Topics: Humans; Pyroptosis; Osteoporosis; Animals; Inflammation; Cellular Microenvironment
PubMed: 38895114
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371463 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The main objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using radiomics, deep learning, and transfer learning methods for the analysis of chest CT scans. An...
PURPOSE
The main objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using radiomics, deep learning, and transfer learning methods for the analysis of chest CT scans. An additional aim is to combine these techniques with bone turnover markers to identify and screen for osteoporosis in patients.
METHOD
A total of 488 patients who had undergone chest CT and bone turnover marker testing, and had known bone mineral density, were included in this study. ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate regions of interest, while radiomics features were extracted using Python. Multiple 2D and 3D deep learning models were trained to identify these regions of interest. The effectiveness of these techniques in screening for osteoporosis in patients was compared.
RESULT
Clinical models based on gender, age, and β-cross achieved an accuracy of 0.698 and an AUC of 0.665. Radiomics models, which utilized 14 selected radiomics features, achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.750 and an AUC of 0.739. The test group yielded promising results: the 2D Deep Learning model achieved an accuracy of 0.812 and an AUC of 0.855, while the 3D Deep Learning model performed even better with an accuracy of 0.854 and an AUC of 0.906. Similarly, the 2D Transfer Learning model achieved an accuracy of 0.854 and an AUC of 0.880, whereas the 3D Transfer Learning model exhibited an accuracy of 0.740 and an AUC of 0.737. Overall, the application of 3D deep learning and 2D transfer learning techniques on chest CT scans showed excellent screening performance in the context of osteoporosis.
CONCLUSION
Bone turnover markers may not be necessary for osteoporosis screening, as 3D deep learning and 2D transfer learning techniques utilizing chest CT scans proved to be equally effective alternatives.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Osteoporosis; Female; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Adult; Radiomics
PubMed: 38894742
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1296047 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Osteopenia, caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women (PMW), lowers Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increases bone fragility. It affects about half of older... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Gamified Exercise with Kinect: Can Kinect-Based Virtual Reality Training Improve Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia? A Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
Osteopenia, caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women (PMW), lowers Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increases bone fragility. It affects about half of older women's social and physical health. PMW experience pain and disability, impacting their health-related Quality of Life (QoL) and function. This study aimed to determine the effects of Kinect-based Virtual Reality Training (VRT) on physical performance and QoL in PMW with osteopenia.
METHODOLOGY
The study was a prospective, two-arm, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Fifty-two participants were recruited in the trial, with 26 randomly assigned to each group. The experimental group received Kinect-based VRT thrice a week for 24 weeks, each lasting 45 min. Both groups were directed to participate in a 30-min walk outside every day. Physical performance was measured by the Time Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), Modified Sit and Reach Test (MSRT), Dynamic Hand Grip Strength (DHGS), Non-Dynamic Hand Grip Strength (NDHGS), BORG Score and Dyspnea Index. Escala de Calidad de vida Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) questionnaire measured QoL. Both physical performance and QoL measures were assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks. Data were analyzed on SPSS 25.
RESULTS
The mean age of the PMW participants was 58.00 ± 5.52 years. In within-group comparison, all outcome variables (TUG, FRT, FTSST, MSRT, DHGS, NDHGS, BORG Score, Dyspnea, and ECOS-16) showed significant improvements ( < 0.001) from baseline at both the 12th and 24th weeks and between baseline and the 24th week in the experimental group. In the control group, all outcome variables except FRT (12th week to 24th week) showed statistically significant improvements ( < 0.001) from baseline at both the 12th and 24th weeks and between baseline and the 24th week. In between-group comparison, the experimental group demonstrated more significant improvements in most outcome variables at all points than the control group ( < 0.001), indicating the positive additional effects of Kinect-based VRT.
CONCLUSION
The study concludes that physical performance and QoL measures were improved in both the experimental and control groups. However, in the group comparison, these variables showed better results in the experimental group. Thus, Kinect-based VRT is an alternative and feasible intervention to improve physical performance and QoL in PMW with osteopenia. This novel approach may be widely applicable in upcoming studies, considering the increasing interest in virtual reality-based therapy for rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Quality of Life; Postmenopause; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Middle Aged; Virtual Reality; Physical Functional Performance; Aged; Exercise Therapy; Prospective Studies; Exercise; Video Games; Hand Strength
PubMed: 38894367
DOI: 10.3390/s24113577 -
Cancers May 2024Osteopenia is a well-known risk factor for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; however, it is unclear whether osteopenia can apply to both genders and...
BACKGROUND
Osteopenia is a well-known risk factor for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; however, it is unclear whether osteopenia can apply to both genders and how osteopenia is associated with cancer progression. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether osteopenia predicts reduced survival in regression models in both genders and whether osteopenia is associated with the pathological factors associated with reduced survival.
METHODS
This study included 188 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy. Bone mineral density was assessed using computed tomography (CT) scan images taken within 3 months before surgery. Non-contrast CT scan images at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra were used. The cutoff value of osteopenia was calculated using a threshold value of 160 Hounsfield units. Overall survival (OS) curves and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method, as was a log-rank test for survival. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for overall survival were calculated using Cox's proportional hazard model.
RESULTS
In the regression analysis, age predicted bone mineral density. The association in females was greater than that in males. The OS and RFS of osteopenia patients were shorter than those for non-osteopenia patients. According to univariate and multivariate analyses, osteopenia was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS. The sole pathological factor associated with osteopenia was microvascular portal vein invasion.
CONCLUSION
Models suggest that osteopenia may predict decreased OS and RFS in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma due to the mechanisms mediated via microvascular portal vein invasion.
PubMed: 38893206
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112087 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Hip fractures are a major health issue considerably impacting patients' quality of life and well-being. This is particularly evident in elderly subjects, in which the... (Review)
Review
Hip fractures are a major health issue considerably impacting patients' quality of life and well-being. This is particularly evident in elderly subjects, in which the decline in bone and muscle mass coexists and predisposes individuals to fall and fracture. Among interventions to be implemented in hip fractured patients, the assessment and management of nutritional status is pivotal, particularly in subjects older than 65. Nutrition plays a central role in both primary and secondary preventions of fracture. An adequate protein intake improves muscle mass and strength and the intestinal absorption of calcium. Other nutrients with recognized beneficial effects on bone health are calcium, vitamins D, K, and C, potassium, magnesium, folate, and carotenoids. With reference to calcium, results from longitudinal studies showed that the consumption of dairy foods has a protective role against fractures. Moreover, the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and one umbrella review demonstrated that the combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces hip fracture risk, with presumed higher efficacy in older and institutionalized subjects. Owing to these reasons, the adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, protein, and other macro and micronutrients has been successfully implemented in the Fracture Liaison Services (FLSs) that represent the most reliable model of management for hip fracture patients. In this narrative review, papers (randomized controlled trials, prospective and intervention studies, and systematic reviews) retrieved by records from three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Medline) have been analyzed, and the available information on the screening, assessment, and management of nutritional and vitamin D status and calcium intake in patients with hip fractures is presented along with specific prevention and treatment measures.
Topics: Humans; Hip Fractures; Vitamin D; Nutritional Status; Aged; Dietary Supplements; Calcium, Dietary; Female; Aged, 80 and over; Male; Musculoskeletal System; Calcium
PubMed: 38892706
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111773 -
Nutrients May 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the destruction of the articular cartilage, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. The... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the destruction of the articular cartilage, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. The progression of OA is multifactorial and is influenced by the underlying cause of inflammation, which includes but is not limited to trauma, metabolism, biology, comorbidities, and biomechanics. Although articular cartilage is the main tissue affected in osteoarthritis, the chronic inflammatory environment negatively influences the surrounding synovium, ligaments, and subchondral bone, further limiting their functional abilities and enhancing symptoms of OA. Treatment for osteoarthritis remains inconsistent due to the inability to determine the underlying mechanism of disease onset, severity of symptoms, and complicating comorbidities. In recent years, diet and nutritional supplements have gained interest regarding slowing the disease process, prevention, and treatment of OA. This is due to their anti-inflammatory properties, which result in a positive influence on pain, joint mobility, and cartilage formation. More specifically, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have demonstrated an influential role in the progression of OA, resulting in the reduction of cartilage destruction, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades, and production of oxylipins that promote anti-inflammatory pathways. The present review is focused on the assessment of evidence explaining the inflammatory processes of osteoarthritis and the influence of omega-3 supplementation to modulate the progression of osteoarthritis.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Dietary Supplements; Cartilage, Articular; Disease Progression; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Animals
PubMed: 38892583
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111650 -
Nutrients May 2024With the global aging population, addressing prevalent age-related conditions such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia is crucial. Traditional nutritional strategies focusing...
With the global aging population, addressing prevalent age-related conditions such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia is crucial. Traditional nutritional strategies focusing on single nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, or protein have limitations, prompting a nuanced exploration of the relationship between aging, nutrition, and musculoskeletal health. This cross-sectional study examines the complex interplay between dietary intake of macronutrients, common micronutrients, and water, as well as their association with musculoskeletal health in adults aged 50 to 80 years, using U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES). Employing multiple linear regression, restricted cubic splines, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) regression models, our initial analysis using the WQS model revealed that a one-quartile increase in mixed macronutrient intake was associated with a significant 0.009 unit increase in bone mineral density (BMD) and a 0.670 unit increase in grip strength, while a similar increase in mixed micronutrient intake showed a 0.007 unit increase in BMD and a 0.442 unit increase in grip strength. Our findings highlight the importance of a balanced dietary approach in promoting musculoskeletal health in the elderly, offering holistic strategies for overall well-being.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Micronutrients; Male; Female; Nutrients; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged, 80 and over; Nutrition Surveys; Bone Density; Nutritional Status; Aging; Diet; Hand Strength; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 38892573
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111640