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International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Osteosarcopenia (OS) is defined by the concurrent presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The pathogenesis and etiology of OS involve genetic, biochemical,... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcopenia (OS) is defined by the concurrent presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The pathogenesis and etiology of OS involve genetic, biochemical, mechanical, and lifestyle factors. Moreover, an inadequate nutritional status, such as low intake of protein, vitamin D, and calcium, and a reduction in physical activity are key risk factors for OS. This review aims to increase knowledge about diagnosis, incidence, etiology, and treatment of OS through clinical studies that treat OS as a single disease. Clinical studies show the relationship between OS and the risk of frailty, falls, and fractures and some association with Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In some cases, the importance of deepening the related mechanisms is emphasized. Physical exercise with adequate nutrition and nutritional supplementations such as proteins, Vitamin D, or calcium, represent a significant strategy for breaking OS. In addition, pharmacological interventions may confer benefits on muscle and bone health. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions require additional randomized controlled trials (RCT) in humans to deepen the synergistic effect of exercise, nutritional interventions, and drug compounds in osteosarcopenia.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Humans; Osteoporosis; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 35628399
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105591 -
Genes Oct 2022Hereditary metabolic bone diseases are characterized by genetic abnormalities in skeletal homeostasis and encompass one of the most diverse groups among rare diseases.... (Review)
Review
Hereditary metabolic bone diseases are characterized by genetic abnormalities in skeletal homeostasis and encompass one of the most diverse groups among rare diseases. In this review, we examine 25 selected hereditary metabolic bone diseases and recognized genetic variations of 78 genes that represent each of the three groups, including sclerosing bone disorders, disorders of defective bone mineralization and disorder of bone matrix and cartilage formation. We also review pathophysiology, manifestation and treatment for each disease. Advances in molecular genetics and basic sciences has led to accurate genetic diagnosis and novel effective therapeutic strategies for some diseases. For other diseases, the genetic basis and pathophysiology remain unclear. Further researches are therefore crucial to innovate ways to overcome diagnostic challenges and develop effective treatment options for these orphan diseases.
Topics: Humans; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 36292765
DOI: 10.3390/genes13101880 -
Journal of Clinical Research in... Nov 2020Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is an important cause of morbidity in premature, very low birth weight (VLBW) and sick infants and, if left undiagnosed, may lead to... (Review)
Review
Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is an important cause of morbidity in premature, very low birth weight (VLBW) and sick infants and, if left undiagnosed, may lead to structural deformities and spontaneous fractures. MBD is defined as impaired bone mineralization in a neonate with lower than expected bone mineral levels in either a fetus or a neonate of comparable gestational age and/or weight, coupled with biochemical abnormalities with or without accompanying radiological manifestations. MBD has been reported to occur in 16% to 40% of extremely low birth weight neonates and presents by 6-16 weeks after birth. Insufficient calcium and phosphorous stores during the phase of accelerated growth predispose to MBD in neonates along with the use of some medications such as caffeine or steroids, prolonged parenteral nutrition and chronic immobilization. Enhanced physical activity in preterm infants facilitates bone mineralization and weight gain. Biochemical abnormalities tend to worsen significantly, as the severity of disease progresses. These abnormalities may include hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphatasia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In addition, urinary phosphate wasting and hypovitaminosis D can be additional complications. Conversely, biochemical abnormalities may not be accompanied by rachitic changes. Newer diagnostic modalities include non-invasive bone densitometry by quantitative ultrasound over the mid-tibial shaft. The management of MBD includes adequate calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D supplementation, along with optimum nutrition and physical activity. Similarly, preventive strategies for MBD should target nutritional enhancement in combination with enhanced physical activity. MBD usually results in preventable morbidity in preterm and VLBW neonates. Treatment consists of optimum nutritional supplementation and enhanced physical activity.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Disease Management; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature
PubMed: 31674171
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0091 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Jul 2019The gut microbiome is a key regulator of bone health that affects postnatal skeletal development and skeletal involution. Alterations in microbiota composition and host... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiome is a key regulator of bone health that affects postnatal skeletal development and skeletal involution. Alterations in microbiota composition and host responses to the microbiota contribute to pathological bone loss, while changes in microbiota composition that prevent, or reverse, bone loss may be achieved by nutritional supplements with prebiotics and probiotics. One mechanism whereby microbes influence organs of the body is through the production of metabolites that diffuse from the gut into the systemic circulation. Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are generated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates, have emerged as key regulatory metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. This Review will focus on the effects of SCFAs on the musculoskeletal system and discuss the mechanisms whereby SCFAs regulate bone cells.
Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Prebiotics; Probiotics
PubMed: 31305265
DOI: 10.1172/JCI128521 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Aug 2023Studies have examined the effect of weight change on osteoporosis, but the results were controversial. Among them, few had looked at weight change over the life span....
BACKGROUND
Studies have examined the effect of weight change on osteoporosis, but the results were controversial. Among them, few had looked at weight change over the life span. This study aimed to fill this gap and investigate the association between lifetime body mass index (BMI) trajectories and bone loss.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, participants at age 50 and above were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Standard BMI criteria were used, with < 25 kg/m for normal, 25-29.9 kg/m for overweight, and ≥ 30 kg/m for obesity. The latent class trajectory model (LCTM) was used to identify BMI trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between different BMI trajectories and osteoporosis or osteopenia.
RESULTS
For the 9,706 eligible participants, we identified four BMI trajectories, including stable (n = 7,681, 70.14%), slight increase (n = 1253, 12.91%), increase to decrease (n = 195, 2.01%), and rapid increase (n = 577, 5.94%). Compared with individuals in the stable trajectory, individuals in the rapid increase trajectory had higher odds of osteoporosis (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.19-4.23) and osteopenia (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.17). This association was only found in the lumbar spine (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.06-4.2) but not in the femoral neck. In early-stage (age 25-10 years ago) weight change, staying an obesity and stable weight seemed to have protective effects on osteoporosis (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.77) and osteopenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.84). Meanwhile, keeping an early-stage stable and overweight was related to lower odds of osteopenia (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34-0.83). No statistically significant association between recent (10 years ago to baseline) weight change and osteoporosis was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Rapid and excess weight gain during adulthood is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. But this association varies by skeletal sites. Maintaining stable overweight and obesity at an early stage may have potentially beneficial effects on bone health.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Overweight; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Weight Gain; Obesity; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 37573305
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04397-9 -
Cell Research Sep 2018In the human body, 50-70 billion cells die every day, resulting in the generation of a large number of apoptotic bodies. However, the detailed biological role of...
In the human body, 50-70 billion cells die every day, resulting in the generation of a large number of apoptotic bodies. However, the detailed biological role of apoptotic bodies in regulating tissue homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we used Fas-deficient MRL/lpr and Caspase 3 mice to show that reduction of apoptotic body formation significantly impaired the self-renewal and osteo-/adipo-genic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Systemic infusion of exogenous apoptotic bodies rescued the MSC impairment and also ameliorated the osteopenia phenotype in MRL/lpr, Caspase 3 and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Mechanistically, we showed that MSCs were able to engulf apoptotic bodies via integrin αvβ3 and reuse apoptotic body-derived ubiquitin ligase RNF146 and miR-328-3p to inhibit Axin1 and thereby activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, we used a parabiosis mouse model to reveal that apoptotic bodies participated in the circulation to regulate distant MSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of apoptotic bodies in maintaining MSC and bone homeostasis in both physiological and pathological contexts and implies the potential use of apoptotic bodies to treat osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Extracellular Vesicles; Female; Homeostasis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout
PubMed: 30030518
DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0070-2 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Multiple studies have indicated that distinct metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP); however, these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Multiple studies have indicated that distinct metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP); however, these metabolites in OP and ON have not yet been classified and standardized. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 21 articles aiming to investigate the distinct metabolites in patients with ON and OP. The quality of the included articles was generally high; seventeen studies had >7 stars, and the remaining four received 6 stars. This systematic review showed that three metabolites (phosphatidylcholine (PC) (lipid metabolites), galactose (carbohydrate metabolites), and succinic acid (other metabolites)) increased, four (glycylglycine (gly-gly), cystine (amino acids), sphingomyelin (SM) (lipid metabolites) and glucose (carbohydrate metabolites)) decreased, and five (glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine (amino acids), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (lipid metabolites), and lactate (other metabolites)) had conflicting directions in OP/ON. The results of the meta-analysis show that gly-gly (MD = -0.77, 95%CI -1.43 to -0.11, = 0.02) and cystine (MD = -5.52, 95%CI -7.35 to -3.68, < 0.00001) decreased in the OP group compared with the healthy control group. Moreover, LPC (MD = 1.48, 95%CI 0.11 to 2.86, = 0.03) increased in the OP group compared with the healthy control group. These results indicate that distinct metabolites were associated with ON and OP, which could be considered a predictor for OP.
Topics: Humans; Cystine; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Amino Acids; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 38068753
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234895 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Oct 2023We here describe the case of a post-menopausal woman presenting with a recent vertebral fracture and cortical osteopenia on bone dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Based...
We here describe the case of a post-menopausal woman presenting with a recent vertebral fracture and cortical osteopenia on bone dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Based on this case, we will discuss the definition and diagnosis of osteoporosis as well as the indications to treat, which go beyond the densitometric-based definition of osteoporosis. We will also address the osteoporosis screening recommendations, and the blood workup required before treatment initiation. The choice of the treatment, its duration and the non-pharmacological measures will be discussed in another article.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Diseases, Metabolic
PubMed: 37830325
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Jul 2023Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, resulting in a significant healthcare burden. Previous research...
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, resulting in a significant healthcare burden. Previous research has suggested that serum ferritin levels may be related to the risk of developing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary iron intake and the development of osteoporosis.
METHODS
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, a total of 11,690 adults aged over 20 were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were used to assess osteoporosis and osteopenia. Dietary iron intake was determined using food intake interviews and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the association between dietary iron consumption and osteopenia and osteoporosis.
RESULTS
After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, compared with those who had the first quartile (Q1) of dietary iron intake, the odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79-0.98), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72-0.89), and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.67-0.83) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. And the OR for osteoporosis across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 1.00, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.50-1.19), 0.54 (95%CI: 0.34-0.89), and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.54-1.29) for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Notably, the observed association was significant among females but not males.
CONCLUSION
The risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in females decreases with a moderate increase in dietary iron consumption. For females to preserve bone health, moderately increasing their dietary iron intake without overindulging should be seen as a key approach. Our study provides useful insights for developing dietary strategies to prevent and manage osteoporosis in vulnerable populations.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Iron, Dietary; Iron; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Femur Neck; Lumbar Vertebrae; Eating
PubMed: 37464304
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01389-0 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022The prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis and osteopenia remain to be examined in the postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. The present cross-sectional study...
The prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis and osteopenia remain to be examined in the postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. The present cross-sectional study screened 1628 postmenopausal women during September 2019 to March 2020. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were confirmed on the basis of T-scores using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip (femoral neck) and lumbar spine regions (L1−L4 vertebrae). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was observed to be 30.50% and 44.20%, respectively, in postmenopausal women of Punjab. In univariable and multivariable regression analysis, variables independently influencing the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia were: higher systolic blood pressure (95%CI: 1.22−3.11 & 1.08−2.49), triglyceride levels (95%CI: 1.21−3.10 & 1.42−2.51), poor sleep quality (95%CI: 1.91−2.47 & 1.76−3.47) and C-reactive protein levels (95%CI: 2.18−3.56 & 1.03−2.18). Years since menopause >10 years was observed to be an independent predictor for the risk of osteopenia but not for osteoporosis. Higher body mass index (>30 kg·m−2) was observed to be a significant protective factor against the risk of osteoporosis (95%CI: 0.26−0.68) and osteopenia (95%CI: 0.19−0.52). The higher prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women of Punjab are alarming, which solicits awareness and earlier testing of those women who are approaching menopause.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; India; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35270692
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052999