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International Journal of Molecular... May 2024In wounded leaves, four 13-lipoxygenases (AtLOX2, AtLOX3, AtLOX4, AtLOX6) act in a hierarchical manner to contribute to the jasmonate burst. This leads to defense...
In wounded leaves, four 13-lipoxygenases (AtLOX2, AtLOX3, AtLOX4, AtLOX6) act in a hierarchical manner to contribute to the jasmonate burst. This leads to defense responses with LOX2 playing an important role in plant resistance against caterpillar herb-ivory. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of AtLOX2 on wound-induced phytohormonal and transcriptional responses to foliar mechanical damage using wildtype (WT) and mutant plants. Compared with WT, the mutant had higher constitutive levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced expression of SA-responsive genes. This suggests that AtLOX2 may be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonates that are involved in the antagonism of SA biosynthesis. As expected, the jasmonate burst in response to wounding was dampened in plants. Generally, 1 h after wounding, genes linked to jasmonate biosynthesis, jasmonate signaling attenuation and abscisic acid-responsive genes, which are primarily involved in wound sealing and healing, were differentially regulated between WT and mutants. Twelve h after wounding, WT plants showed stronger expression of genes associated with plant protection against insect herbivory. This study highlights the dynamic nature of jasmonate-responsive gene expression and the contribution of AtLOX2 to this pathway and plant resistance against insects.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Arabidopsis Proteins; Lipoxygenase; Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Transcriptome; Salicylic Acid; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Leaves; Mutation; Gene Expression Profiling; Lipoxygenases
PubMed: 38892085
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115898 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the fertility of "Huajin 6" and the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate on its fertility. In this study, "Huajin 6", "Huajin 6"...
The aim of this study was to investigate the fertility of "Huajin 6" and the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate on its fertility. In this study, "Huajin 6", "Huajin 6" treated with methyl jasmonate and "Damaohua" were used as the research objects, the stamen phenotypes and the shape of pollen grains were observed, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were measured. The results showed that the pistil structure and function were normal, and although the stamen anthers did not dehisce, they were still capable of producing pollen with a certain amount of vigor. Methyl jasmonate could promote the opening of the flowers of "Huajin 6" and improve the development of pollen grains to a certain extent, but it could not promote anthers dehiscence of "Huajin 6". This study can provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of new honeysuckle varieties using "Huajin 6".
Topics: Oxylipins; Flowers; Pollen; Fertility; Cyclopentanes; Acetates; Lonicera; Pollination
PubMed: 38877134
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64435-4 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024This study investigated the efficacy of a mixed beet-based supplement (BEET) versus placebo (PL) in countering inflammation during recovery from 2.25 h of intensive...
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the efficacy of a mixed beet-based supplement (BEET) versus placebo (PL) in countering inflammation during recovery from 2.25 h of intensive cycling in 20 male and female cyclists. A multi-omics approach was used that included untargeted proteomics and a targeted oxylipin panel.
METHODS
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design was used with two 2-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period. Supplementation periods were followed by a 2.25 h cycling bout at close to 70%VO. The BEET supplement provided 212 mg of nitrates per day, 200 mg caffeine from green tea extract, 44 mg vitamin C from Camu Camu berry, B-vitamins from quinoa sprouts (40% Daily Value for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6), and 2.5 g of a mushroom blend containing Cordyceps sinensis and Inonotus obliquus. Six blood samples were collected before and after supplementation (overnight fasted state), immediately post-exercise, and at 1.5 h-, 3 h-, and 24 h-post-exercise.
RESULTS
The 2.25 h cycling bout increased plasma levels of 41 of 67 oxylipins detected. BEET supplementation significantly increased plasma nitrate (NO ) and nitrite (NO ) (sum, NO + NO ) concentrations (interaction effect, < 0.001) and two anti-inflammatory oxylipins [18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and 4-hydroxy-docosahexanoic acid (4-HDoHE)]. The untargeted proteomics analysis identified 616 proteins (458 across all times points), and 2-way ANOVA revealed a cluster of 45 proteins that were decreased and a cluster of 21 that were increased in the BEET versus PL trials. Functional enrichment supported significant BEET-related reductions in inflammation-related proteins including several proteins related to complement activation, the acute phase response, and immune cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation.
DISCUSSION
Intake of a BEET-based supplement during a 2-week period was linked to higher plasma levels of NO + NO , elevated post-exercise levels of two anti-inflammatory oxylipins, and a significant decrease in a cluster of proteins involved in complement activation and inflammation. These data support that 2-weeks intake of nitrate from a mixed beet-based supplement moderated protein biomarkers of exercise-induced inflammation in athletes.
PubMed: 38873567
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408804 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is an important and valuable medicinal plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its metabolite ginsenoside is the...
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is an important and valuable medicinal plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its metabolite ginsenoside is the primary active ingredient. The FAR1/FHY3 gene family members play critical roles in plant growth and development as well as participate in a variety of physiological processes, including plant development and signaling of hormones. Studies have indicated that methyl jasmonate treatment of ginseng adventitious roots resulted in a significant increase in the content of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. Therefore, it is highly significant to screen the FAR1/FHY3 gene family members in ginseng and preliminarily investigate their expression patterns in response to methyl jasmonic acid signaling. In this study, we screened and identified the FAR1/FHY3 family genes in the ginseng transcriptome databases. And then, we analyzed their gene structure and phylogeny, chromosomal localization and expression patterns, and promoter cis-acting elements, and made GO functional annotations on the members of this family. After that, we treated the ginseng adventitious roots with 200 mM methyl jasmonate and investigated the trend of the expression of four genes containing the largest number of methyl jasmonate cis-acting elements at different treatment times. All four genes were able to respond to methyl jasmonate, the most significant change was in the PgFAR40 gene. This study provides data support for subsequent studies of this family member in ginseng and provides experimental reference for subsequent validation of the function of this family member under methyl jasmonic acid signaling.
Topics: Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Panax; Acetates; Multigene Family; Plant Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phylogeny; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Gene Expression Profiling; Genes, Plant; Ginsenosides
PubMed: 38872078
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05239-6 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2024Disease can drastically impair common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and...
BACKGROUND
Disease can drastically impair common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is one of the diseases that are widespread and cause serious economic loss in common bean.
RESULTS
Transcriptome analysis of the early response of common bean to anthracnose was performed using two resistant genotypes, Hongyundou and Honghuayundou, and one susceptible genotype, Jingdou. A total of 9,825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responding to pathogen infection and anthracnose resistance were identified by differential expression analysis. By using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), 2,051 DEGs were found to be associated with two resistance-related modules. Among them, 463 DEGs related to anthracnose resistance were considered resistance-related candidate genes. Nineteen candidate genes were coexpressed with three resistance genes, Phvul.001G243600, Phvul.001G243700 and Phvul.001G243800. To further identify resistance genes, 46 candidate genes were selected for experimental validation using salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The results indicated that 38 candidate genes that responded to SA/MeJA treatment may be involved in anthracnose resistance in common bean.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified 38 resistance-related candidate genes involved in the early response of common bean, and 19 resistance-related candidate genes were coexpressed with anthracnose resistance genes. This study identified putative resistance genes for further resistance genetic investigation and provides an important reference for anthracnose resistance breeding in common bean.
Topics: Phaseolus; Colletotrichum; Disease Resistance; Plant Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Transcriptome; Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genes, Plant
PubMed: 38858660
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10497-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study investigates Ni phytoremediation and accumulation potential in the presence of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 50 and 200 μM) and jasmonic acid (JA) (0, 5 and 10...
This study investigates Ni phytoremediation and accumulation potential in the presence of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 50 and 200 μM) and jasmonic acid (JA) (0, 5 and 10 μM) in two populations of Alyssum inflatum under various nickel (Ni) doses (0, 100 and 400 μM). By measuring Ni levels in the shoots and roots, values of bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), biological concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to quantify Ni accumulation and translocation between plant organs. Additionally, the amounts of histidine (His), citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA) were explored. The results showed that plant dry weight (DW) [in shoot (29.8%, 8.74%) and in root (21.6%, 24.4%)] and chlorophyll [a (17.1%, 32.5%), b (10.1%, 30.9%)] declined in M and NM populations respectively, when exposed to Ni (400 μM). Conversely, the levels of MA [in shoot (37.0%, 32.0%) and in root (25.5%, 21.2%)], CA [in shoot (17.0%, 10.0%) and in root (47.9%, 37.2%)] and His [in shoot (by 1.59- and 1.34-fold) and in root (by 1.24- and 1.18-fold)] increased. Also, in the presence 400 μM Ni, the highest accumulation of Ni was observed in shoots of M (1392 μg/g DW) and NM (1382 μg/g DW). However, the application of SA and JA (especially in Ni 400 μM + SA 200 μM + JA 5 and 10 μM treatments) mitigated the harmful impact of Ni on physiological parameters. Also, a decreasing trend was observed in the contents of MA, CA, and His. The reduction of these compounds as important chelators of Ni caused a decrease in root-to-shoot Ni transfer and reducing accumulation in the shoots of both populations. The values of phytoremediation indices in both populations exposed to Ni (400 μM) were above one. In presence of the SA and JA, these indices showed a decreasing trend, although the values remained above one (BAC, BCF and TF > 1). Overall, the results indicated that SA and JA can reduce phytoremediation potential of the two populations through different mechanisms.
Topics: Oxylipins; Nickel; Cyclopentanes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Salicylic Acid; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants; Plant Shoots; Brassicaceae; Bioaccumulation
PubMed: 38858574
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64336-6 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024One of the most effective strategies to increase phytochemicals production in plant cultures is elicitation. In the present study, we studied the effect of abiotic and...
BACKGROUND
One of the most effective strategies to increase phytochemicals production in plant cultures is elicitation. In the present study, we studied the effect of abiotic and biotic elicitors on the growth, key biosynthetic genes expression, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds content in Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) rhizogenes-induced hairy roots cultures of Ficus carica cv. Siah.
METHODS
The elicitors included methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as abiotic elicitor, culture filtrate and cell extract of fungus Piriformospora indica as biotic elicitors were prepared to use. The cultures of F. carica hairy roots were exposed to elicitores at different time points. After elicitation treatments, hairy roots were collected, and evaluated for growth index, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) content, antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, FRAP assays), expression level of key phenolic/flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of some main phenolic compounds in comparison to control.
RESULTS
Elicitation positively or negatively affected the growth, content of phenolic/flavonoid compounds and DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities of hairy roots cultures in depending of elicitor concentration and exposure time. The maximum expression level of chalcone synthase (CHS: 55.1), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H: 34.33) genes and transcription factors MYB3 (32.22), Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH: 45.73) was induced by MeJA elicitation, whereas the maximum expression level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL: 26.72) and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT: 27.57) genes was obtained after P. indica culture filtrate elicitation. The P. indica elicitation also caused greatest increase in the content of gallic acid (5848 µg/g), caffeic acid (508.2 µg/g), rutin (43.5 µg/g), quercetin (341 µg/g), and apigenin (1167 µg/g) phenolic compounds.
CONCLUSIONS
This study support that elicitation of F. carica cv. Siah hairy roots can be considered as an effective biotechnological method for improved phenolic/flavonoid compounds production, and of course this approach requires further research.
Topics: Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Acetates; Plant Roots; Phenols; Ficus; Flavonoids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Antioxidants; Basidiomycota; Plant Growth Regulators; Agrobacterium
PubMed: 38853268
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05178-2 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Several WRKY transcription factors (TFs), including CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 are known to govern the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to...
BACKGROUND
Several WRKY transcription factors (TFs), including CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 are known to govern the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation (RSI) and other abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive.
METHODS
This study functionally described CaWRKY3 for its role in pepper immunity against RSI. The roles of phytohormones in mediating the expression levels of CaWRKY3 were investigated by subjecting pepper plants to 1 mM salicylic acid (SA), 100 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 100 µM ethylene (ETH) at 4-leaf stage. A virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach based on the Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) was used to silence CaWRKY3 in pepper, and transiently over-expressed to infer its role against RSI.
RESULTS
Phytohormones and RSI increased CaWRKY3 transcription. The transcriptions of defense-associated marker genes, including CaNPR1, CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaHIR1 were decreased in VIGS experiment, which made pepper less resistant to RSI. Significant hypersensitive (HR)-like cell death, HO buildup, and transcriptional up-regulation of immunological marker genes were noticed in pepper when CaWRKY3 was transiently overexpressed. Transcriptional activity of CaWRKY3 was increased with overexpression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40, and vice versa. In contrast, Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) was easily repelled by the innate immune system of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that overexpressed CaWRKY3. The transcriptions of defense-related marker genes like AtPR1, AtPR2, and AtNPR1 were increased in CaWRKY3-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana plants.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that CaWRKY3 favorably regulates phytohormone-mediated synergistic signaling, which controls cell death in plant and immunity of pepper plant against bacterial infections.
Topics: Ralstonia solanacearum; Capsicum; Transcription Factors; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Immunity; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Cyclopentanes; Disease Resistance; Oxylipins; Salicylic Acid; Ethylenes; Gene Silencing; Acetates
PubMed: 38853241
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05143-z -
Mathematical Biosciences Jun 2024Chronic pain is a major cause of disability and suffering in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Endogenous specialised pro-resolving molecules (SPMs) curtail pro-inflammatory...
Chronic pain is a major cause of disability and suffering in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Endogenous specialised pro-resolving molecules (SPMs) curtail pro-inflammatory responses. One of the SPM intermediate oxylipins, 17-hydroxydocasahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA, a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), is significantly associated with OA pain. The aim of this multidisciplinary work is to develop a mathematical model to describe the contributions of enzymatic pathways (and the genes that encode them) to the metabolism of DHA by monocytes and to the levels of the down-stream metabolites, 17-HDHA and 14-hydroxydocasahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA), motivated by novel clinical data from a study involving 30 participants with OA. The data include measurements of oxylipin levels, mRNA levels, measures of OA severity and self-reported pain scores. We propose a system of ordinary differential equations to characterise associations between the different datasets, in order to determine the homeostatic concentrations of DHA, 17-HDHA and 14-HDHA, dependent upon the gene expression of the associated metabolic enzymes. Using parameter-fitting methods, local sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, the model is shown to fit well qualitatively to experimental data. The model suggests that up-regulation of some ALOX genes may lead to the down-regulation of 17-HDHA and that dosing with 17-HDHA increases the production of resolvins, which helps to down-regulate the inflammatory response. More generally, we explore the challenges and limitations of modelling real data, in particular individual variability, and also discuss the value of gathering additional experimental data motivated by the modelling insights.
PubMed: 38851528
DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109228 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024New approaches to combating microbial drug resistance are being sought, with the discovery of biofilm inhibitors considered as alternative arsenal for treating...
New approaches to combating microbial drug resistance are being sought, with the discovery of biofilm inhibitors considered as alternative arsenal for treating infections. Natural products have been at the forefront of antimicrobial discovery and serve as inspiration for the design of new antibiotics. We probed the potency, selectivity, and mechanism of anti-biofilm activity of modified oxylipins inspired by the marine natural product turneroic acid. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluation revealed the importance of the epoxide moiety, regardless of the position, for inhibiting biofilm formation. -12,13-epoxyoctadecanoic acid () and -9,10 epoxyoctadecanoic acid () selectively target the early stage of biofilm formation, with no effect on planktonic cells. These compounds interrupt the formation of a protective polysaccharide barrier by significantly upregulating the operon's transcriptional repressor. This was corroborated by docking experiment with SarA and scanning electron micrographs showing reduced biofilm aggregates and the absence of thread-like structures of extrapolymeric substances. evaluation revealed that and can interfere with the AgrA-mediated communication language in Staphylococci, typical to the diffusible signal factor (DSF) capacity of lipophilic chains.
PubMed: 38846101
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379643