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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria, which represents a public health concern. The aim of this work was...
Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Virulence Factors, and Biofilm Formation in Coagulase-Negative spp. Isolates from European Hakes ( L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria, which represents a public health concern. The aim of this work was to characterize 27 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from eight wild Northeast Atlantic hakes (, L.) and taxonomically identified as ( = 16), ( = 4), ( = 3), ( = 2), ( = 1), and ( = 1). Biofilm formation was evaluated with a microtiter assay, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants were detected by PCR. Our results showed that all staphylococci produced biofilms and that 92.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, mainly penicillin (88.8%), fusidic acid (40.7%), and erythromycin (37%). The penicillin resistance gene () was detected in 66.6% (18) of the isolates, of which 10 also carried resistance genes to macrolides and lincosamides (, , , or ), 4 to fusidic acid (), and 3 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (). At least one virulence gene (, , , and/or ) was detected in 48% of the isolates. This study suggests that wild European hake destined for human consumption could act as a vector of CoNS carrying antibiotic resistance genes and/or virulence factors.
PubMed: 38133330
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121447 -
Case Reports in Cardiology 2023A 45-year-old woman was admitted with severe pain in the right leg and dyspnea. Her medical history included previous endocarditis, biological aortic valve replacement,...
A 45-year-old woman was admitted with severe pain in the right leg and dyspnea. Her medical history included previous endocarditis, biological aortic valve replacement, and intravenous drug abuse. She was febrile but did not have any focal signs of infection. Blood tests showed raised infectious markers and troponin levels. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm without signs of ischemia. Ultrasound revealed thrombosis of the right popliteal artery. The leg was not critically ischemic, and therefore, treatment with dalteparin was chosen. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an excrescence on the biological aortic valve. Empiric treatment for endocarditis was started with intravenous vancomycin, gentamicin, and oral rifampicin. Blood cultures subsequently grew . On day 2, treatment was changed to intravenous cloxacillin. Due to the comorbidity, the patient was not a candidate for the surgical treatment. On day 10, the patient developed moderate expressive aphasia and weakness in the right upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging showed micro-embolic lesions scattered across both hemispheres of the brain. Treatment was changed from cloxacillin to cefuroxime. On day 42, infectious markers were normal, and echocardiography showed regression of the excrescence. Antibiotic treatment was stopped. Follow-up on day 52 did not show any signs of active infection. However, on day 143, the patient was readmitted with cardiogenic shock due to aortic root fistulation to the left atrium. She quickly deteriorated and died.
PubMed: 37013024
DOI: 10.1155/2023/4624492 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Apr 2023Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of the bladder epithelium is coated with a GAG layer. These urothelial GAGs are thought to provide a protective barrier and serve as a potential interaction site with the urinary microbiome (urobiome). Previous studies have profiled urinary GAG composition in mixed cohorts, but the urinary GAG composition in postmenopausal women remains undefined. To investigate the relationship between GAGs and recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), we profiled urinary GAGs in a controlled cohort of postmenopausal women. We found that chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the major urinary GAG in postmenopausal women and that urinary CS was elevated in women with active rUTI. We also associated urinary GAGs with urobiome composition and identified bacterial species that significantly associated with urinary GAG concentration. , , and were positively associated with heparin sulfate or hyaluronic acid, and bacterial species associated with vaginal dysbiosis were negatively correlated with urinary CS. Altogether, this work defines changes in urinary GAG composition associated with rUTI and identifies new associations between urinary GAGs and the urobiome that may play a role in rUTI pathobiology.
Topics: Female; Humans; Glycosaminoglycans; Postmenopause; Urinary Tract Infections; Chondroitin Sulfates; Heparin
PubMed: 36942838
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00027 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2023Bacterial contamination may cause loss of or damage to cultured oocytes or embryos, resulting in the lack of transplantable embryos during IVF embryo culture. However,...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial contamination may cause loss of or damage to cultured oocytes or embryos, resulting in the lack of transplantable embryos during IVF embryo culture. However, there are few reports about IVF embryo contamination caused by embryology laboratories. In this work, we evaluated clinical pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal and infant complications after embryo contamination caused by environmental pollution during IVF.
METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed 2490 IVF-ET ovulation induction therapy cycles in the Reproductive Center of Yichang Central People's Hospital from January 2015 to May 2022. According to the presence or absence of embryo culture medium contamination, the two groups were divided into an embryo contamination cycle and a nonembryo contamination cycle. The primary outcome parameters were the characteristics and progress of embryo culture medium contamination. Embryo laboratory outcomes, pregnancy outcomes, and maternal and infant complications were secondary outcome parameters.
RESULTS
One case of embryo contamination originated from semen contamination. The remaining 15 cases involved environmental contamination outbreaks in embryo culture chambers, caused by Staphylococcus pasteuri. Compared with conventional uncontaminated IVF cycles, the 15 cases of contaminated embryo cycles showed no significant difference in embryo laboratory outcomes, pregnancy outcomes, or maternal and infant complications except for a slightly higher rate of fetal growth retardation. Ultimately, 11 live-born infants were successfully delivered, of which 2 were premature. The remaining 4 patients did not become pregnant after 1-2 transfers due to a lack of transferable embryos.
CONCLUSION
When the embryo culture medium is contaminated due to the environmental contamination of the IVF culture room, it is feasible to perform daily rapid rinsing of the culture medium and avoid blastocyst culture as remedial treatment. However, the long-term impact on offspring needs further prospective research.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Fertilization in Vitro; Retrospective Studies; Laboratories; Pregnancy Outcome; Environmental Pollution; Pregnancy Rate
PubMed: 36934251
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05516-6 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jan 2023Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of the bladder epithelium is coated with a GAG layer. These urothelial GAGs are thought to provide a protective barrier and serve as a potential interaction site with the urinary microbiome (urobiome). Previous studies have profiled urinary GAG composition in mixed cohorts, but the urinary GAG composition in postmenopausal women remains undefined. To investigate the relationship between GAGs and recurrent UTI (rUTI), we profiled urinary GAGs in a controlled cohort of postmenopausal women. We found that chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the major urinary GAG in postmenopausal women and that urinary CS was elevated in women with active rUTI. We also associated urinary GAGs with urobiome composition and identified bacterial species that significantly associated with urinary GAG concentration. , and were positively associated with heparin sulfate or hyaluronic acid and bacterial species associated with vaginal dysbiosis were negatively correlated to urinary CS. Altogether, this work defines changes in urinary GAG composition associated with rUTI and identifies new associations between urinary GAGs and the urobiome that may play a role in rUTI pathobiology.
PubMed: 36711817
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523678 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Oct 2022We report the isolation, identification, and assemblies of three antibiotic-producing soil bacteria (Staphylococcus pasteuri, Peribacillus butanolivorans, and...
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Antibiotic-Producing Soil Bacteria, Staphylococcus pasteuri WAM01, Peribacillus butanolivorans WAM04, and Micrococcus yunnanensis WAM06, with Growth-Inhibiting Effects against Commensal Strains.
We report the isolation, identification, and assemblies of three antibiotic-producing soil bacteria (Staphylococcus pasteuri, Peribacillus butanolivorans, and Micrococcus yunnanensis) that inhibit the growth of commensals in coculture. With pathogenic strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, bioprospecting for novel antimicrobials using commensal relatives may facilitate discovery of clinically useful drugs.
PubMed: 36094179
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00627-22 -
Central European Journal of Public... Jun 2022This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected...
OBJECTIVES
This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected workplaces of the University Hospital of L. Pasteur in Košice (UHLP) and to investigate their importance in the hospital environment. The men's ward of the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) and the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (DAIC) were chosen.
METHODS
Using sterile sampling kits, a total of 182 swabs were collected from the inanimate surfaces of both UHLP workplaces. The swabs were then transported to a microbiological laboratory and inoculated onto sterile culture media (blood agar containing 5% ram erythrocytes). After culturing (24-48 hours, in a thermostat at constant temperature 37 °C), bacterial colonies were identified by mass spectrometry on a MALDI TOF MS. Bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were subsequently separated from the spectrum of identified bacteria. Nosocomial significant strains of staphylococci (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus) and all isolated enterococci were subjected to susceptibility testing for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion method - E-tests.
RESULTS
Several members of the genus Staphylococcus were identified from the inanimate surfaces of both workplaces. These were mainly coagulase-negative strains - Staphylococcus epidermidis (45), Staphylococcus capitis (34), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20), Staphylococcus hominis (45), Staphylococcus pasteuri (2), Staphylococcus sroph (1), Staphylococcus simulans (3), and Staphylococcus warneri (4). Staphylococcus aureus strains were also identified (2). Nosocomial significant isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics cefoxitin (FOX) and oxacillin (OXA). Two members of the genus Enterococcus - Enterococcus faecium (7) and Enterococcus faecalis (8) were isolated. All strains were subject to vancomycin susceptibility testing using the disk method.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cross Infection; Enterococcus; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 35841227
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7241 -
Scientifica 2022Thailand was proposed to be rich unexplored source of microorganisms, especially bacterial strains. There should be bacteria with high secondary metabolite production...
Secondary Metabolism Gene Diversity and Cocultivation toward Isolation and Identification of Potent Bioactive Compounds Producing Bacterial Strains from Thailand's Natural Resources.
Thailand was proposed to be rich unexplored source of microorganisms, especially bacterial strains. There should be bacteria with high secondary metabolite production potential in the natural resources that are still unidentified. Moreover, they might not produce secondary metabolites in standard laboratory culture condition after isolation, in which coculture condition would help us pursuing the bacteria to produce bioactive metabolites. Here, we aimed to identify new bacterial strains with high secondary metabolite production potential from Thailand's natural resources. To achieve the goal, we performed bacteria isolation, phylogenetic analysis, degenerate PCR of secondary metabolism genes, cocultivation, antibacterial analysis, and HPLC chemical profiling. We isolated distinct 40 bacterial strains, which have over 98% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with known species. There were 22, 31, and 29 strains giving positive PCR amplification of NRPS, PKS, and TPS genes, respectively. Among them, RSUCC0101 had the highest number of PCR products, 26. In standard single culture condition, crude extracts prepared from RSUCC0021 and RSUCC0282 could inhibit the growth of ATCC25923. Furthermore, the cocultivation and HPLC analyses showed that the extracts prepared from 3 pairs of culture between sp. RSUCC0020, RSUCC0053, sp. RSUCC0087, and RSUCC0090 could inhibit the growth of ATCC25923 and produced distinct chemical profiles from their single culture condition. Our study led to the isolation and identification of several promising bacterial strains for production of secondary metabolites that might be useful in biomedical applications.
PubMed: 35677864
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2827831 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Lactic acid bacteria are very important in winemaking. In this study, 108 lactic acid bacteria isolates were obtained from high-ethanol-content (~17% (/)) Grenache wines...
Lactic acid bacteria are very important in winemaking. In this study, 108 lactic acid bacteria isolates were obtained from high-ethanol-content (~17% (/)) Grenache wines during uninoculated malolactic fermentation (MLF). The 16S rRNA and species-specific PCR showed that 104 of these were , three were , and one was . AFLP of III and I digests of the genomic DNA of the strains was developed for the first time to discriminate the strains. The results showed that the method was a suitable technique for discriminating the strains. Based on the cluster analysis, nine strains were chosen for inclusion in an ethanol tolerance assay involving monitoring of optical density (ABS) and viable plating. Several strains (G63, G46, G71, G39) survived and grew well in MRS-AJ with 17% (/) ethanol, while the commercial reference strain did not. Strain G63 could also survive and grow for 168 h after inoculation in MRS-AJ medium with 19% (/) ethanol. These results suggest that G63, G46, G71, and G39 could potentially be used as MLF starters for high-ethanol-content wines. All three strains could survive and grow in MRS-AJ with 19% (/) ethanol, perhaps also indicating their suitability as next-generation MLF starter cultures.
PubMed: 35563954
DOI: 10.3390/foods11091231 -
Veterinary World Mar 2022Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes , , and and staphylococcal chromosomal (SCC) type was evaluated by PCR.
RESULTS
Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including (61%), (15%), (10%), (7%), (5%), and (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the -positive MRS harbored the gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCC. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner's preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs.
CONCLUSION
This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
PubMed: 35497942
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774