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BMC Oral Health May 2024The oral microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining oral homeostasis and health; smoking significantly affects it, leading to microbial dysbiosis. The study aims...
BACKGROUND
The oral microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining oral homeostasis and health; smoking significantly affects it, leading to microbial dysbiosis. The study aims to investigate changes in the oral microbiome composition of smokers in the Qatari population and establish a correlation with lipid biomarkers.
METHODS
The oral microbiota was profiled from saliva samples of 200 smokers and 100 non-smokers in the Qatari population, and 16s rRNA V3-V4 region were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered using QIIME and the statistical analysis was performed by R.
RESULTS
Non-smokers exhibited a more diverse microbiome, with significant alpha and beta diversity differences between the non-smoker and smoker groups. Smokers had a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level and of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, TM7x, and Porphyromonas at the genus level. In contrast, non-smokers had more Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Porphromonas, and Neisseria at the genus level. Notably, Streptococcus was significantly positively correlated with LDL and negatively correlated with HDL. Additionally, Streptococcus salivarius, within the genus Streptococcus, was substantially more abundant in smokers.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the significant influence of smoking on the composition of the oral microbiome by enriching anaerobic microbes and depleting aerobic microbes. Moreover, the observed correlation between Streptococcus abundance and the lipid biomarkers suggests a potential link between smokers-induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and lipid metabolism. Understanding the impact of smoking on altering the oral microbiome composition and its correlation with chemistry tests is essential for developing targeted interventions and strategies to improve oral health and reduce the risk of diseases.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Dysbiosis; Smoking; Male; Microbiota; Female; Biomarkers; Adult; Lipids; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38796419
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04340-4 -
Biomedical Reports Jun 2024Phototherapy is the most commonly used treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH). Gut microbiota is involved in bilirubin metabolism; however, it is uncertain...
Phototherapy is the most commonly used treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH). Gut microbiota is involved in bilirubin metabolism; however, it is uncertain whether this is affected by phototherapy. The present study included 43 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and collected fecal samples for high-throughput sequencing before and after phototherapy. Selection α diversity analysis was used to determine the differences in diversity and abundance between the two groups, whereas similarity was determined using β diversity analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis was used to screen for markedly different bacteria. The structure of the gut microbiota in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia changed after phototherapy, with a significant decrease in abundance and diversity. The changes in the key bacterial species were characterized by an increase in the abundance of and a decrease in the abundance of , , and . These changes mainly manifested as an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in opportunistic bacteria, which may not be related to the side effects of phototherapy. These results can provide theoretical assistance for microbiological research on the later stages of NH.
PubMed: 38765854
DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1789 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Aug 2024Water-insoluble α-glucans synthesized from sucrose by glucansucrases from Streptococcus spp. are essential in dental plaque and caries formation. Because limited...
Water-insoluble α-glucans synthesized from sucrose by glucansucrases from Streptococcus spp. are essential in dental plaque and caries formation. Because limited information is available on the fine structure of these biopolymers, we analyzed the structures of unmodified glucans produced by five recombinant Streptococcus (S.) mutans DSM 20523 and S. salivarius DSM 20560 glucansucrases in detail. A combination of methylation analysis, endo-dextranase and endo-mutanase hydrolyses, and HPSEC-RI was used. Furthermore, crystal-like regions were analyzed by using XRD and C MAS NMR spectroscopy. Our results showed that the glucan structures were highly diverse: Two glucans with 1,3- and 1,6-linkages were characterized in detail besides an almost exclusively 1,3-linked and a linear 1,6-linked glucan. Furthermore, one glucan contained 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,6-linkages and thus had an unusual, not yet described structure. It was demonstrated that the glucans had a varying structural architecture by using partial enzymatic hydrolyses. Furthermore, crystal-like regions formed by 1,3-glucopyranose units were observed for the two 1,3- and 1,6-linked glucans and the linear 1,3-linked glucan. 1,6-linked regions were mobile and not involved in the crystal-like areas. Altogether, our results broaden the knowledge of the structure of water-insoluble α-glucans from Streptococcus spp.
Topics: Glucans; Water; Glycosyltransferases; Streptococcus; Solubility; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 38710558
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122164 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences May 2024The oral microbiota has recently attracted attention owing to its association with oral and systemic diseases. Accordingly, gaining an understanding of oral microbiota... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The oral microbiota has recently attracted attention owing to its association with oral and systemic diseases. Accordingly, gaining an understanding of oral microbiota development and the factors influencing it can contribute to preventing the establishment of dysbiotic oral microbiota and, eventually, oral microbiota-related diseases.
HIGHLIGHT
In this review, we highlight the results of a longitudinal project focusing on oral microbiota development during early life. At 4 months of age, the oral microbiota of infants was found to differ considerably from the maternal oral microbiota, even though infants acquire oral bacteria from their mothers. At 18 months, although the infant microbiota is still not completely comparable with that of adults, from 4 to 18 months, there is a rapid phase of development, during which the microbial composition undergoes considerable change to a profile more similar to that in adults. During this development, the infant oral microbiota converges into two different profiles with adult-like traits, namely, Streptococcus salivarius- and Neisseria-dominant profiles. This divergence is strongly influenced by dietary habits, with a frequent intake of sweetened beverages being associated with an S. salivarius-dominant profile, which is suspected to be implicated in oral and systemic diseases.
CONCLUSION
The foundation of the adult oral microbiota may be established by 18 months of age, and the developmental period from 4 to 18 months may be an appropriate period during which to modify the microbial balance to obtain a desirable healthy state. In particular, dietary habits during this period warrant close attention.
PubMed: 38703995
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.001 -
Vaccines Mar 2024Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three...
BACKGROUND
Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three doses of CoronaVac.
METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study recruiting three-dose CoronaVac recipients from two centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at baseline and one year post-first dose for virus microneutralization (vMN) assays to determine neutralization titers. The primary outcome was high immune response (defined as with vMN titer ≥ 40). Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing of baseline fecal samples identified potential bacterial species and metabolic pathways using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify high response predictors.
RESULTS
In total, 36 subjects were recruited (median age: 52.7 years [IQR: 47.9-56.4]; male: 14 [38.9%]), and 18 had low immune response at one year post-first dose vaccination. (logLDA score = 4.15, = 0.001; relative abundance of 1.4% vs. 0, = 0.002), (logLDA score = 3.31, = 0.037; 0.39% vs. 0.18%, = 0.038), and (logLDA score = 2.79, = 0.021; 0.05% vs. 0.02%, = 0.022) were enriched in low responders. The aOR of high immune response with , and was 0.03 (95% CI: 9.56 × 10-0.32), 0.03 (95% CI: 4.47 × 10-0.59), and 10.19 (95% CI: 0.81-323.88), respectively. had a positive correlation with pathways enriched in high responders like incomplete reductive TCA cycle (logLDA score = 2.23). similarly correlated with amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways. These pathways all showed anti-inflammation functions.
CONCLUSION
, and correlated with poorer long-term immunogenicity following three doses of CoronaVac.
PubMed: 38675747
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040365 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The enrichment of oral taxa in the gut has recently been reported as a notable alteration in the microbial balance in patients with intestinal disorders. However,...
The enrichment of oral taxa in the gut has recently been reported as a notable alteration in the microbial balance in patients with intestinal disorders. However, translocation in populations without such diseases remains controversial. In this study, we examined 49 pairs of tongue and rectal samples collected from orthopedic patients without a history of intestinal disorders to verify the presence of oral taxa in the rectal microbiota. The bacterial composition of each sample was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis. Although the bacterial compositions of the tongue and rectal microbiota were distinctly different, tongue ASVs were detected in 67.3% of the participants and accounted for 0.0%-9.37% of the rectal microbiota. Particularly, , , and were abundant in the rectal microbiota. According to the network analysis, tongue taxa, such as and , formed a cohabiting group with and in the rectal microbiota. The total abundance of tongue ASVs in the rectal microbiota was significantly higher in participants with older age, hypertension, and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Our study presents an extensive translocation of oral taxa to the rectum of a population without intestinal disorders and suggests that aging, hypertension, and PPI use are associated with an increased abundance of oral taxa and potential pathogenic bacteria in the rectal microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adult; Tongue; Aged; Bacteria; Rectum; Mouth; DNA, Bacterial; Young Adult; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Hypertension; Microbiota
PubMed: 38660493
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358684 -
Respiratory Research Apr 2024Little is known about the relationships between human genetics and the airway microbiome. Deeply sequenced airway metagenomics, by simultaneously characterizing the...
Little is known about the relationships between human genetics and the airway microbiome. Deeply sequenced airway metagenomics, by simultaneously characterizing the microbiome and host genetics, provide a unique opportunity to assess the microbiome-host genetic associations. Here we performed a co-profiling of microbiome and host genetics with the identification of over 5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through deep metagenomic sequencing in sputum of 99 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 36 healthy individuals. Host genetic variation was the most significant factor associated with the microbiome except for geography and disease status, with its top 5 principal components accounting for 12.11% of the microbiome variability. Within COPD individuals, 113 SNPs mapped to candidate genes reported as genetically associated with COPD exhibited associations with 29 microbial species and 48 functional modules (P < 1 × 10), where Streptococcus salivarius exhibits the strongest association to SNP rs6917641 in TBC1D32 (P = 9.54 × 10). Integration of concurrent host transcriptomic data identified correlations between the expression of host genes and their genetically-linked microbiome features, including NUDT1, MAD1L1 and Veillonella parvula, TTLL9 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and LTA4H and Haemophilus influenzae. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed a potential causal link between PARK7 expression and microbial type III secretion system, and a genetically-mediated association between COPD and increased relative abundance of airway Streptococcus intermedius. These results suggest a previously underappreciated role of host genetics in shaping the airway microbiome and provide fresh hypotheses for genetic-based host-microbiome interactions in COPD.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Microbiota; Sputum; Transcriptome; Human Genetics; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
PubMed: 38622589
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02805-2 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Grit basting is the most common process applied to titanium dental implants to give them a roughness that favors bone colonization. There are numerous studies on the...
Grit basting is the most common process applied to titanium dental implants to give them a roughness that favors bone colonization. There are numerous studies on the influence of roughness on osseointegration, but the influence of the compressive residual stress associated with this treatment on biological behavior has not been determined. For this purpose, four types of surfaces have been studied using 60 titanium discs: smooth, smooth with residual stress, rough without stress, and rough with residual stress. Roughness was studied by optic interferometry; wettability and surface energy (polar and dispersive components) by contact angle equipment using three solvents; and residual stresses by Bragg-Bentano X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the different surfaces were studied using Saos-2 osteoblastic cultures. The bacterial strains Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius were cultured on different surfaces, determining the adhesion. The results showed that residual stresses lead to increased hydrophilicity on the surfaces, as well as an increase in surface energy, especially on the polar component. From the culture results, higher adhesion and higher ALP levels were observed in the discs with residual stresses when compared between smooth and roughened discs. It was also found that roughness was the property that mostly influenced osteoblasts' response. Bacteria colonize rough surfaces better than smooth surfaces, but no changes are observed due to residual surface tension.
PubMed: 38612139
DOI: 10.3390/ma17071626 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Feb 2024Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and anti-bacterial compounds in plants, Boiss plant extract can be used in mouthwash compounds with its...
BACKGROUND
Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and anti-bacterial compounds in plants, Boiss plant extract can be used in mouthwash compounds with its anti-microbial activity.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of mouthwash was investigated on , , and , and . To analyse the anti-microbial effect of this mouthwash, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method.
RESULTS
The average MIC and MBC of mouthwash for were 1.56 and 3.12 (mg/ml), respectively, for , 0.25 and 0.65 (mg/ml), and for , respectively, 0.25 and 0.65 (mg/ml). The highest MIC and MBC values were for , and the MIC and MBC values were equal for and . Average MIC and MBC were determined as 2.41 and 4.16 (mg/ml) for and 2.34 and 5.72 (mg/ml) for , respectively. MIC values of mouthwash were higher for and MBC values for .
CONCLUSION
Our results showed a promising anti-fungal-anti-bacterial effect of extract. extract may be used as an alternative to chemical mouthwashes.
PubMed: 38605791
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_855_23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma...
INTRODUCTION
Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites in children from Northwest China remain unclear.
METHODS
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on 100 healthy volunteers aged 2-12 years.
RESULTS
Age, body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise (RPE), and delivery mode (DM) significantly affect gut microbiota and metabolites. , , , , and predicted pathway propanoate production were significantly increased with age while , , and carbohydrate degradation were decreased. Fecal metabolome revealed that the metabolism of caffeine, amino acids, and lipid significantly increased with age while galactose metabolism decreased. Noticeably, BMI was positively associated with pathogens including , , , and amino acid metabolism but negatively associated with beneficial , , , and caffeine metabolism. RPE has increased probiotic and , acetate and lactate production, and major nutrient metabolism in gut and plasma, but decreased pathobiont , taurine degradation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, DM affects the gut microbiota and metabolites throughout the whole childhood. , , , primary bile acid, and neomycin biosynthesis were enriched in eutocia, while anti-inflammatory , , , and pathogenic , , and amino acid metabolism were enriched in Cesarean section children.
DISCUSSION
Our results provided theoretical and data foundation for the gut microbiota and metabolites in preadolescent children's growth and development in Northwest China.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Caffeine; Cesarean Section; Urban Population; Metabolome; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38585649
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374544