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Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Apr 2024Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant global health issue and the leading cause of death. Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by events such as damage to...
Punicalagin attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/silent information regulator transcript-1-mediated inhibition of inflammation and cardiac stress markers in experimental animal models.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant global health issue and the leading cause of death. Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by events such as damage to heart cells and stress generated by inflammation. Punicalagin (PCN), a naturally occurring bioactive compound found in pomegranates, exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological effects against many disorders. This study aimed to assess the preventive impact of PCN, with its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Experimental rats were randomly categorized into four groups: control group (fed a regular diet for 15 days), PCN group (orally administered PCN at 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 15 days), ISO group (subcutaneously administered ISO (85 mg/kg b.w.) on days 14 and 15 to induce MI), and PCN+ISO group (orally preadministered PCN (50 mg/kg b.w.) for 15 days and administered ISO (85 mg/kg b.w.) on days 14 and 15). The rat cardiac tissue was then investigated for cardiac marker, oxidative stress marker, and inflammatory marker expression levels. PCN prevented ISO-induced myocardial injury, suppressing the levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, cardiac troponin T, and cardiac troponin I in the rats. Moreover, PCN treatment reversed (P<0.01) the ISO-induced increase in blood pressure, attenuated lipid peroxidation markers, and depleted both enzymatic and nonenzymatic markers in the rats. Additionally, PCN inhibited (P<0.01) ISO-induced overexpression of oxidative stress markers (p-38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1), inflammatory markers (nuclear factor-kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), and matrix metalloproteinases and decreased the levels (P<0.01) of apoptosis proteins in the rats. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/silent information regulator transcript-1 (Nrf2/Sirt1) is a major cellular defense protein that regulates and scavenges oxidative toxic substances through apoptosis. Therefore, overexpression of Nrf2/Sirt1 to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress is considered a novel target for preventing MI. PCN also significantly enhanced the expression of Nrf2/Sirt1 in ISO-induced rats. Histopathological analyses of cardiac tissue revealed that PCN treatment exhibited a protective effect on the heart tissue, mitigating damage. These findings show that by activating the Nrf2/Sirt1 pathway, PCN regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, hence providing protection against ISO-induced myocardial ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Isoproterenol; Myocardial Infarction; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Male; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Sirtuin 1; Inflammation; Rats; Oxidative Stress; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Rats, Wistar; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Antioxidants; Myocardium
PubMed: 38736260
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.02 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Biofilms often engender persistent infections, heightened antibiotic resistance, and the recurrence of infections. Therefor, infections related to bacterial biofilms are...
Biofilms often engender persistent infections, heightened antibiotic resistance, and the recurrence of infections. Therefor, infections related to bacterial biofilms are often chronic and pose challenges in terms of treatment. The main transcription regulatory factor, CsgD, activates csgABC-encoded curli to participate in the composition of extracellular matrix, which is an important skeleton for biofilm development in enterobacteriaceae. In our previous study, a wide range of natural bioactive compounds that exhibit strong affinity to CsgD were screened and identified via molecular docking. Tannic acid (TA) was subsequently chosen, based on its potent biofilm inhibition effect as observed in crystal violet staining. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of TA on the biofilm formation of clinically isolated Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results demonstrated a significant inhibition of E. coli Ec032 biofilm formation by TA, while not substantially affecting the biofilm of the ΔcsgD strain. Moreover, deletion of the csgD gene led to a reduction in Ec032 biofilm formation, alongside diminished bacterial motility and curli synthesis inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that TA repressed genes associated with the csg operon and other biofilm-related genes. In conclusion, our results suggest that CsgD is one of the key targets for TA to inhibit E. coli biofilm formation. This work preliminarily elucidates the molecular mechanisms of TA inhibiting E. coli biofilm formation, which could provide a lead structure for the development of future antibiofilm drugs.
Topics: Biofilms; Tannins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Trans-Activators
PubMed: 38735084
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116716 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical... (Review)
Review
Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical composition and bioactivity of and the possibility of its application in food. According to researchers, black trumpet is very rich in nutritional compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids), β-glucans, minerals, and vitamins as well as polyphenols and tannins. It also contains compounds influencing the sensory properties, like free amino acids and nucleotides as well as sugars and polyols, mainly mannitol. Many of the described components show high nutritional and bioactive properties. Therefore, shows antioxidant activity and immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic effects. This makes black trumpet, also called horn of plenty, a mushroom with great potential for use both in medicine and directly in food. So far, black trumpet is not widely used in food, especially processed food. There are only a few studies on the use of dried black trumpet in sausages, but there is great potential for its use in food.
Topics: Humans; Nutritive Value; Antioxidants; Agaricales; Health Promotion; Polyphenols; beta-Glucans; Functional Food
PubMed: 38732570
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091325 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The efficacy, targeting ability, and biocompatibility of plant-based nanoparticles can be exploited in fields such as agriculture and medicine. This study highlights the...
The efficacy, targeting ability, and biocompatibility of plant-based nanoparticles can be exploited in fields such as agriculture and medicine. This study highlights the use of plant-based ginger nanoparticles as an effective and promising strategy against cancer and for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections and related disorders. Ginger is a well-known spice with significant medicinal value due to its phytochemical constituents including gingerols, shogaols, zingerones, and paradols. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from ginger extracts could be an important non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial for widespread use in medicine. In this study, AgNPs were biosynthesized using an ethanolic extract of ginger rhizome and their phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. UV-visible spectral analysis confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs. FTIR analysis revealed that the NPs were associated with various functional biomolecules that were associated with the NPs during stabilization. The particle size and SEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs were in the size range of 80-100 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.510, and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. The purity and crystalline nature of the AgNPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The simple and repeatable phyto-fabrication method reported here may be used for scaling up for large-scale production of ginger-derived NPs. A phytochemical analysis of the ginger extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which can serve as active biocatalysts and natural stabilizers of metallic NPs. The ginger extracts at low concentrations demonstrated promising cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines with a 50% reduction in cell viability at 0.6-6 μg/mL. When evaluated for biological activity, the AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, including , , , and . This suggests that the AgNPs may be used against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Ginger-derived AgNPs have a considerable potential for use in the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer medications, and an optimistic perspective for their use in medicine and pharmaceutical industry.
PubMed: 38732470
DOI: 10.3390/plants13091255 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The present study focuses on the chemical characterization of a dry extract obtained from the species (L.) Schreb, evaluating its antioxidant properties, toxicity, and...
The present study focuses on the chemical characterization of a dry extract obtained from the species (L.) Schreb, evaluating its antioxidant properties, toxicity, and in silico profile. Quantitative analysis of the dry extract revealed a notable amount of phytochemical compounds: 59.932 ± 21.167 mg rutin equivalents (mg REs)/g dry weight, 45.864 ± 4.434 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (mg ChAEs)/g dry weight and, respectively, 83.307 ± 3.989 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAEs)/g dry weight. By UHPLC-HRMS/MS, the following were quantified as major compounds: caffeic acid (3253.8 μg/g extract) and kaempherol (3041.5 μg/g extract); more than 11 types of polyphenolic compounds were quantified (genistin 730.2 μg/g extract, naringenin 395 μg/g extract, apigenin 325.7 μg/g extract, galangin 283.3 μg/g extract, ferulic acid 254.3 μg/g extract, p-coumaric acid 198.2 μg/g extract, rutin 110.6 μg/g extract, chrysin 90.22 μg/g extract, syringic acid 84.2 μg/g extract, pinocembrin 32.7 μg/g extract, ellagic acid 18.2 μg/g extract). The antioxidant activity was in accordance with the amount of phytochemical compounds: ICDPPH = 483.6 ± 41.4 µg/mL, ICABTS = 127.4 ± 20.2 µg/mL, and ECFRAP = 491.6 ± 2 µg/mL. On the larvae of sp., it was found that the extract has a low cytotoxic action. In silico studies have highlighted the possibility of inhibiting the activity of protein kinases CDK5 and GSK-3b for apigenin, galangin, and kaempferol, with possible utility for treating neurodegenerative pathologies and neuropathic pain. Further studies are warranted to confirm the predicted molecular mechanisms of action and to further investigate the therapeutic potential in animal models of neurological disorders.
PubMed: 38732407
DOI: 10.3390/plants13091192 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The effect of UV-B radiation exposure on transgenerational plasticity, the phenomenon whereby the parental environment influences both the parent's and the offspring's...
The effect of UV-B radiation exposure on transgenerational plasticity, the phenomenon whereby the parental environment influences both the parent's and the offspring's phenotype, is poorly understood. To investigate the impact of exposing successive generations of rice plants to UV-B radiation on seed morphology and proanthocyanidin content, the local traditional rice variety 'Baijiaolaojing' was planted on terraces in Yuanyang county and subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation treatments. The radiation intensity that caused the maximum phenotypic plasticity (7.5 kJ·m) was selected for further study, and the rice crops were cultivated for four successive generations. The results show that in the same generation, enhanced UV-B radiation resulted in significant decreases in grain length, grain width, spike weight, and thousand-grain weight, as well as significant increases in empty grain percentage and proanthocyanidin content, compared with crops grown under natural light conditions. Proanthocyanidin content increased as the number of generations of rice exposed to radiation increased, but in generation G3, it decreased, along with the empty grain ratio. At the same time, biomass, tiller number, and thousand-grain weight increased, and rice growth returned to control levels. When the offspring's radiation memory and growth environment did not match, rice growth was negatively affected, and seed proanthocyanidin content was increased to maintain seed activity. The correlation analysis results show that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) enzyme activity positively influenced proanthocyanidin content. Overall, UV-B radiation affected transgenerational plasticity in seed morphology and proanthocyanidin content, showing that rice was able to adapt to this stressor if previous generations had been continuously exposed to treatment.
Topics: Proanthocyanidins; Ultraviolet Rays; Oryza; Seeds; Edible Grain; Phenotype
PubMed: 38731985
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094766 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder affecting many young individuals, marked by keratinization, inflammation, seborrhea, and colonization by (). Ellagitannins,...
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder affecting many young individuals, marked by keratinization, inflammation, seborrhea, and colonization by (). Ellagitannins, known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, have not been widely studied for their anti-acne effects. Chestnut ( Mill., ), a rich ellagitannin source, including castalagin whose acne-related bioactivity was previously unexplored, was investigated in this study. The research assessed the effect of leaf extract and castalagin on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) infected with , finding that both inhibited IL-8 and IL-6 release at concentrations below 25 μg/mL. The action mechanism was linked to NF-κB inhibition, without AP-1 involvement. Furthermore, the extract displayed anti-biofilm properties and reduced CK-10 expression, indicating a potential role in mitigating inflammation, bacterial colonization, and keratosis. Castalagin's bioactivity mirrored the extract's effects, notably in IL-8 inhibition, NF-κB inhibition, and biofilm formation at low μM levels. Other polyphenols, such as flavonol glycosides identified via LC-MS, might also contribute to the extract's biological activities. This study is the first to explore ellagitannins' potential in treating acne, offering insights for developing chestnut-based anti-acne treatments pending future in vivo studies.
Topics: Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Fagaceae; Acne Vulgaris; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Keratinocytes; NF-kappa B; HaCaT Cells; Propionibacterium acnes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Interleukin-8
PubMed: 38731983
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094764 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024This study focused on isolating tannin-tolerant yeasts from Miang, a fermented tea leaf product collected from northern Laos PDR, and investigating related food...
This study focused on isolating tannin-tolerant yeasts from Miang, a fermented tea leaf product collected from northern Laos PDR, and investigating related food applications. From 43 Miang samples, six yeast isolates capable of ethanol production were obtained, with five isolates showing growth on YPD agar containing 4% (/) tannic acid. Molecular identification revealed three isolates as (B5-1, B5-2, and C6-3), along with and . Due to safety considerations, only spp. were selected for further tannic acid tolerance study to advance food applications. Tannic acid at 1% (/) significantly influenced ethanol fermentation in all isolates. Notably, B5-2 and C6-3 showed high ethanol fermentation efficiency (2.5% /), while others were strongly inhibited. The application of tannin-tolerant yeasts in longan fruit wine (LFW) fermentation with longan seed extract (LSE) supplementation as a source of tannin revealed that C6-3 had the best efficacy for LFW fermentation. C6-3 showed promising efficacy, particularly with LSE supplementation, enhancing phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, indicating potential antidiabetic properties. These findings underscore the potential of tannin-tolerant C6-3 for fermenting beverages from tannin-rich substrates like LSE, with implications for functional foods and nutraceuticals promoting health benefits.
PubMed: 38731704
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091335 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024(L.) has remarkable ethnopharmacological properties and is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study investigated stem bark (Berberidis cortex) by...
(L.) has remarkable ethnopharmacological properties and is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study investigated stem bark (Berberidis cortex) by extraction with 50% ethanol. The main secondary metabolites were quantified, resulting in a polyphenols content of 17.6780 ± 3.9320 mg Eq tannic acid/100 g extract, phenolic acids amount of 3.3886 ± 0.3481 mg Eq chlorogenic acid/100 g extract and 78.95 µg/g berberine. The dried hydro-ethanolic extract (BVE) was thoroughly analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) and HPLC, and 40 bioactive phenolic constituents were identified. Then, the antioxidant potential of BVE was evaluated using three methods. Our results could explain the protective effects of Berberidis cortex ECFRAP = 0.1398 mg/mL, ICABTS = 0.0442 mg/mL, ICDPPH = 0.2610 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (IC = 0.0165 mg/mL). Next, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of BVE and berberine-berberine sulfate hydrate (BS)-investigated on sp. revealed significant BS toxicity after 24 h, while BVE revealed considerable toxicity after 48 h and induced embryonic developmental delays. Finally, the anticancer effects of BVE and BS were evaluated in different tumor cell lines after 24 and 48 h of treatments. The MTS assay evidenced dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity, which was higher for BS than BVE. The strongest diminution of tumor cell viability was recorded in the breast (MDA-MB-231), colon (LoVo) cancer, and OSCC (PE/CA-PJ49) cell lines after 48 h of exposure (IC < 100 µg/mL). However, no cytotoxicity was reported in the normal epithelial cells (HUVEC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Extensive data analysis supports our results, showing a significant correlation between the BVE concentration, phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity, exposure time, and the viability rate of various normal cells and cancer cell lines.
Topics: Berberis; Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Plant Bark; Humans; Cell Line, Tumor; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Survival; Phenols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Plant Stems
PubMed: 38731544
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092053 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024This current article was dedicated to the determination of the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of four species of the genus in order to establish a...
This current article was dedicated to the determination of the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of four species of the genus in order to establish a connection between the composition of polyphenols and biological effects. A chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the extracts studied depended both on the plant species and its part (leaf or flower) and on the extractant used. All four species of were rich sources of phenolic compounds and contained hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, phenolic acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids. The activities included data on those that are most important for creating functional foods with plant components: the influence on blood coagulation measured by prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and on the activity of the digestive enzymes (pancreatic amylase and lipase). It was established that plant species, their parts, and extraction methods contribute meaningfully to biological activity. The most prominent result is as follows: the plant organ determines the selective inhibition of either amylase or lipase; thus, the anticoagulant activities of and hold promise for health-promoting food formulations associated with general metabolic disorders.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Phenols; Lipase; Flavonoids; Polyphenols; Amylases; Blood Coagulation; Humans; Anticoagulants; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 38731503
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092013