-
Morphometric analysis of Bonwill's triangle and its dental applications in dry human mandible bones.Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... Nov 2022Bonwill's triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined....
Bonwill's triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined. The dimensions of the tooth, with other bones of cranium, and the entire anatomical structure of body are in persistent association with the distance of the borders of the triangle. It can be used to study articulation of the mandible, complete dentures, and dental occlusion and can be related when treating mandibular fractures. The aim is to analyze the variations in the length of Bonwill's triangle in dry human mandibles and its dental implications. Forty dry human mandibles were taken to carry out this study. Distances between the center of the right condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (A), the distance between the center of the left condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (B), and the distance between the centers of right and left condylar process of mandible (C) were measured with the aid of digital vernier caliper. The statistics was evaluated and observed using the statistical analysis software SPSS (Version 20.0) and the mean and standard deviation was calculated. The mean length between right condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 97.76 mm, between left condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 98.55 mm, and between the right and left condyle centers is 97.39 mm. The values are almost equal to 4 inches. The mandibular measurements serve as an important factor for many clinical conditions especially related to dentistry. The results of this study can be of great significance when treating mandibular fractures and defects.
PubMed: 36643100
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_151_22 -
Cureus Dec 2022Background In the maxillary aesthetic zone, the symmetry and proportions of hard and soft dental tissue play a crucial role. A dental practitioner should have a thorough...
Background In the maxillary aesthetic zone, the symmetry and proportions of hard and soft dental tissue play a crucial role. A dental practitioner should have a thorough knowledge of parameters such as crown length (CL), crown width (CW), zenith point, and gingival angle (GA) to perform teeth restorations. This study aims to assess the anterior hard and soft tissue parameters and determine the crown shape and its correlation with the gingival parameters of young adults' anterior teeth. Methods In the study, 110 patients were assessed and divided into two groups: Group I with 55 females and Group II with 55 males. Using a calibrated vernier caliper, the following parameters were calculated: crown width (CW)/crown length (CL) ratio, gingival angle (GA), distance from the lateral incisor (LI) to the gingival aesthetic line (GAL), interdental papilla height (PH) between the two central incisors (CI), distance between the central incisor (CI) and the lateral incisor (LI), and distance between LI and canine. Results Statistical analysis of data was performed using the independent samples t-test (P<0.05). The mean value of CW, CL, CW/CL ratio, and GA, along with the distance from LIs to GALs and PHs of the anterior teeth, were lower in females than in males. The correlation between the GA and the CW/CL ratio indicated that higher GAs and CW/CL ratios give teeth a square appearance. Moreover, a lower GA and CW/CL ratio will make teeth appear round or narrow. Conclusion The present study concluded that the mean values of hard and soft dental tissue parameters are higher in males than in females. These values can be used to restore functional aesthetics in accordance with the results of a local population and could help form restorative, aesthetic, and cosmetic procedures while maintaining focus on the size and shape of teeth and the level of gingiva at various significant treatment stages.
PubMed: 36620846
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32258 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022For total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the optimal rotational position of the femoral component is felt to be critically important. The current knee joint kinematics...
For total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the optimal rotational position of the femoral component is felt to be critically important. The current knee joint kinematics measurement technology is unable to identify the exact rotation axis of the knee joint, the main reasons being low measurement accuracy and insufficient three-dimensional data (2D-3D image matching technology). In order to improve the effect of TKA surgery, we proposed a knee joint kinematics measurement method, based on the MRI technology, and verified its measurement accuracy. We then employed this method to identify the personalized optimal rotation axis of the knee joint for TKA patients. The purpose of the study was 1) to propose a method for measuring knee joint kinematics and verify its accuracy and 2) to propose a method for determining the optimal rotation axis of knee joint for TKA surgery, based on accurate kinematic measurement results. The experiment was divided into two parts: and . The purpose of the experiment was to verify the measurement accuracy of our method. We fixed two aquarium stones (approximately 10 cm * 10 cm * 10 cm in size, close to the size of the distal femur and proximal tibia) firmly on the fixed and moving arms of the goniometer/vernier caliper with glue and immersed the aquarium stones in the water to capture MRI images. The MRI images were then processed with MATLAB software, and the relative motion of the two aquarium stones was measured. The measurement accuracy of our method was verified the scale reading of the moving arm on the goniometer/vernier caliper. , 36 healthy elderly participants (22 females, 14 males) were recruited from the local community; our method was then employed to measure the relative motion of the tibia and femur and to observe the rollback and screw home motion of the medial/lateral condyle of the femur, which was identified as specific kinematic features of the knee joint. , all measurements were accurate to <1 mm and <1°. , all knee measurements showed rollback motion (the rollback distance of the medial femoral condyle was 18.1 ± 3.7 mm and that of the lateral condyle was 31.1 ± 7.3 mm) and screw home motion. In the application scenario of knee joint kinematics measurement, our method has an accuracy of <1° of rotation angle and <1 mm of translation for all reference points, and it can be employed to identify the most stable axis of the knee joint. Using our method to accumulate data on the knee rotation axis of more subjects to establish an average rotation axis of a given population may help in knee prosthesis design and reduce the patient dissatisfaction rate. Individually measuring the patient's rotation axis before TKA surgery and adjusting the prosthesis installation in TKA may further reduce the patient dissatisfaction rate, and automatic computer measurement may be realized in the future, but it is still time-consuming for now.
PubMed: 36601392
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904012 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jan 2023To study the anatomical characteristics of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap(TAAP), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of TAAP in head and neck...
To study the anatomical characteristics of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap(TAAP), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of TAAP in head and neck reconstruction. Four fresh cadavers (8 hemichests) were collected for anatomical observation, the blood supply of chest skin was observed through autopsy, the presence, number, location, caliber, and landmark on the chest surface of all thoracoacromial artery perforators per hemichest were recorded, including the distance of each from the midpoint of the clavicle. The diameters of the thoracoacromial artery and perforating vessels were measured with vernier calipers (accuracy 0.05 mm), the pedicle length and thickness were measured with a cm scale (accuracy: 1 mm) after the flap was obtained, and the retained photos were recorded. No perforating branch (12.5%) was found on one side of the 8 hemichests, two perforating branches (12.5%) were found on one hemichest, and one perforating branches (75.0%) were found on the rest of the hemichests. The perforating point was about between the clavicular head of pectoralis major (clavicular part) and the sternocostal head (sternocostal part). The vessels at the beginning of perforation were generally bulky, with an average diameter of 2.25 mm, however, the vessel diameter was significantly reduced after the perforation of the flap. The pedicle length of thoracoacromial artery perforator flap ranged from 5.43 cm to 9.03 cm, with an average length of 7.14 cm. The pedicle length from the exit point of perforator muscle gap to the flap was 2.32-4.63 cm, with an average length of 3.28 cm. The distance between the exit point of perforator muscle space and the lower edge of the midpoint of the clavicle was 3.31-4.52 cm, with an average distance of 3.77 cm. The thoracoacromial artery perforator flap has some advantages such as similar color as head, neck and maxillofacial region, stable blood supply, relatively consistent vascular pedicle length and caliber size, relatively larger flap, less damage to pectoralis major muscle, and protection of chest shape, thoracic movement and shoulder joint movement function. Although the clinical application of this flap is limited by the uncertainty of perforating vessels, postoperative asymmetry of the nipple and residual chest scar, it still has a broad application prospect in head and neck reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Perforator Flap; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Head; Neck; Arteries
PubMed: 36597360
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.01.001 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2022It is vital to understand the gross anatomy and dimensions of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in camels in order for veterinarians to identify fraud cases between...
BACKGROUND
It is vital to understand the gross anatomy and dimensions of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in camels in order for veterinarians to identify fraud cases between males and females by carefully distinguishing between them.
AIM
It is to make comparisons of the morphological characteristics and measurements of the metacarpus and metatarsus bones of male and female camels.
METHODS
Forty metacarpus and metatarsus of adult camels of both sexes were collected from a typical Burydah slaughterhouse in KSA. The bones were treated according to the established methods of boiling, drying, and bleaching to study morphology. The measurement of the bones in this study has been taken by using digital vernier calipers.
RESULTS
The metacarpus and metatarsus consisted of two large and two small bones. The large metacarpal and metatarsal bones consisted of fused III and IV. Except for the distal side in which the two bones diverge more from each other. The metacarpal bone is similar to the metatarsus, except that it is smaller in measurement majority. The small Mc-Mt II and Mc-Mt V were smaller and present on the palmo-lateral or planto-lateral aspect of the large bones, respectively. The length of the metacarpus and metatarsus is almost equal nearly in camels unlike the rest of the animals as well as the metacarpus bone was unlike the metatarsus in form and measurements generally.
CONCLUSION
The large metacarpus and metatarsus bones are distinguished by the fusion of the third and fourth bones along the length of the bone. Except for the distal side in which the two bones diverge more from each other like the rest of the animals. The morphologically characterized majority of the metacarpal bone was similar to the metatarsus, except that it was proximal extremity, cross-section, and measurement.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Metatarsal Bones; Metacarpal Bones; Camelus; Metatarsus; Metacarpus
PubMed: 36589408
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.9 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Apr 2023This study aims to investigate whether indocyanine green (ICG) tumor imaging helps determine the safe surgical margin in laparoscopic hepatectomy.
Does Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Tumors Help in Determining the Safe Surgical Margin in Real-Time Navigation of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy? A Retrospective Study.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to investigate whether indocyanine green (ICG) tumor imaging helps determine the safe surgical margin in laparoscopic hepatectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eighty-six patients with hepatic malignancies [including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM)] were included in this study. ICG-R15 testing was performed 5-7 days before surgery. Fluorescence staining of the tumor was detected by a fluorescent laparoscope, and the width of fluorescence band surrounding tumor was measured by an electronic vernier caliper.
RESULTS
The positive rate of hepatic malignant lesions successfully stained by ICG fluorescence was 96.0% (95/99). HCC with better differentiation demonstrated non-rim fluorescence patterns, while cases with poor differentiation demonstrated rim patterns. CRLM uniformly demonstrated rim pattern. The width of fluorescence surrounding tumors was 0 in HCC with non-rim patterns. The minimum width of fluorescence surrounding tumors in poor differentiated HCC and CRLM were 2.4 ± 1.9 mm and 2.8 ± 2.5 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). ICG fluorescence imaging revealed eight small lesions, which were not detected preoperatively in seven patients, of which five lesions were confirmed as malignancies by pathology.
CONCLUSIONS
Resection along the ICG fluorescence edge can supply a safe surgical margin only for CRLM, but not for HCC. Otherwise, ICG fluorescence tumor imaging can preliminarily determine the pathological type of hepatic malignancies and histological differentiation of HCC and help detect small lesions that cannot be detected preoperatively.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Indocyanine Green; Hepatectomy; Retrospective Studies; Margins of Excision; Optical Imaging; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 36484905
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12893-3 -
Chinese Herbal Medicines Oct 2022(Fangfeng in Chinese), the roots of , lacks commodity specification and grade standardization in the current market. This study investigated the existing specifications...
OBJECTIVE
(Fangfeng in Chinese), the roots of , lacks commodity specification and grade standardization in the current market. This study investigated the existing specifications and grades of to provide a standardized scientific reference for its market use.
METHODS
Based on a textual research of Chinese herbal medicine from the Han Dynasty to the present, medicinal materials of different specifications and grades obtained from in the main producing areas of China were collected and the markets for these materials were investigated. Field investigations were performed in the major producing areas such as Northeast China, Hebei Province, and Inner Mongolia. Four major Chinese herbal medicine markets in China were investigated. Sensory indices were used to categorize the two specifications (wild and cultivated) according to the shape, color, texture, and cross-section. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to determine the active components. Vernier calipers and measuring tape were used to measure the diameter and length, respectively, of 41 samples. Using Excel and the R Language software, cluster analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed to assist in the application of new specifications and grades based on physical characteristics, pharmacological activity, and chemical composition.
RESULTS
The two specifications (wild and cultivated) of were divided into three grades each based on the length and diameter. Prim--glucosylcimifugin, 5--methylvisamminoside, and the length of can be used as a basis for classifying the commodity specifications and grades. The specifications and grade standards of were established based on the following eight aspects: shape, surface characteristics, texture, cross section, taste, prim--glucosylcimifugin content, 5--methylvisamminoside content and length.
CONCLUSION
The formulation of this standard stipulates the commodity specification level of . It is also suitable for the evaluation of commodity specifications in the process of production, circulation and use of .
PubMed: 36405060
DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.11.005 -
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society Nov 2022EID3 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation) was identified as a novel member of EID family and plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer development. However,...
OBJECTIVE
EID3 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation) was identified as a novel member of EID family and plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer development. However, its role in glioma remained elusive. In current study, we identified EID3 as a novel oncogenic molecule in human glioma and is critical for glioma cell survival, proliferation and invasion.
METHODS
A total of five patients with glioma were recruited in present study and fresh glioma samples were removed from patients. Four weeks old male non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) mice were used as transplant recipient models. The subcutaneous tumor size was calculated and recorded every week with vernier caliper. EID3 and AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) expression levels were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays were performed for cell viability assessment. Trypan blue staining approach was applied for cell death assessment. Cell Apoptosis DNA ELISA Detection Kit was used for apoptosis assessment.
RESULTS
EID3 was preferentially expressed in glioma tissues/cells, while undetectable in astrocytes, neuronal cells, or normal brain tissues. EID3 knocking down significantly hindered glioma cell proliferation and invasion, as well as induced reduction of cell viability, apoptosis and cell death. EID3 knocking down also greatly inhibited tumor growth in SCID mice. Knocking down of AMPKα1 could effectively rescue glioma cells from apoptosis and cell death caused by EID3 absence, indicating that AMPKα1 acted as a key downstream regulator of EID3 and mediated suppression effects caused by EID3 knocking down inhibition. These findings were confirmed in glioma cells generated patient-derived xenograft models. AMPKα1 protein levels were affected by MG132 treatment in glioma, which suggested EID3 might down regulate AMPKα1 through protein degradation.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, our study demonstrated that EID3 promoted glioma cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting AMPKα1 expression. Targeting EID3 might represent a promising strategy for treating glioma.
PubMed: 36344477
DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0298 -
Acta Medica Academica Aug 2022The aim of this study was to learn about the morphological characteristics of the supraorbital foramen and to determine its precise position in relation to the...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to learn about the morphological characteristics of the supraorbital foramen and to determine its precise position in relation to the surrounding anatomical landmarks in the adult population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For this purpose, 60 skulls from the Bosnia and Herzegovina population of known sex (32 males and 28 females), taken from the osteological collection of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo, were subjected to morphological and morphometric analysis. Morphometric measurements were performed using a digital vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation, Japan).
RESULTS
The study showed that most supraorbital nerves exit the orbit through the supraorbital notch (73.8%) and the rest through the foramen (26.2%). Of this number, bilateral supraorbital notches were recorded in 58.33% of cases, a bilateral supraorbital foramen in 18.34% of cases, while in 23.33% of cases a notch was recorded on one side and a foramen on the contralateral side. Morphometric measurements performed to determine the exact position of the supraorbital foramen relative to the surrounding landmarks showed different values in males and females. An accessory foramen was also observed on the examined skulls in 16.67% of cases.
CONCLUSION
Detailed knowledge of anatomical variations of the supraorbital foramen is required for safe and successful administration of regional anesthesia, in order to avoid iatrogenic nerve injuries during orbitofacial region surgery.
Topics: Adult; Male; Female; Humans; Cephalometry; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Frontal Bone; Orbit; Learning
PubMed: 36318001
DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.377 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the vertical bisected midline axis (VBM), relative gingival zenith level (GZL) of lateral incisors (LIs), heights and widths of central incisors (CIs), LIs, and their ratios.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted from Feb 2019 to Aug 2019. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Convenience sampling was done. Variables (above mentioned) were marked and measured on the casts with a calibrated digital vernier caliper and entered in the data sheet, and descriptive analysis was done with SPSS version 20.
RESULTS
A total of 210 subjects of the age group 18-25 years were included in the study. Mean GZP of the right CI was 0.49 ± 0.54 mm, of the left CI was 0.42 ± 0.43 mm, of the right LI was 0.20 ± 0.34 mm, of the left LI was 0.04 ± 0.35 mm, of the right C (Canine) was 0.023 ± 0.38 mm, and of left C was 0.07 ± 0.38 mm. Mean relative GZL of LI was about 0.40-0.41 mm below the reference line. Mean height of the right CI was 9.34 ± 0.93 mm, and that of the left CI was 9.31 ± 0.87 mm; that of the right LI was 7.91 ± 0.98 mm, and that of the left LI was 7.92 ± 0.91 mm. Mean width of the right CI was 8.34 ± 0.57 mm, and that of the left CI was 8.38 ± 0.48 mm; that of the right LI was 6.62 ± 0.58 mm, and that of the left LI was 6.66 ± 0.53 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
Mean GZP of each upper anterior tooth was distally located with respect to VBM; that of CI was more distally placed than LI and C. Relative GZL of LI was below the reference line. The central incisor width/height ratio obtained was >80% that means a squarer tooth.
PubMed: 36317168
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5589309