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Heliyon Oct 2022Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little...
BACKGROUND
Pamp. Pectin (PP) was a Wudang functional food in China. It has the effect of dispelling fire, clearing heat and detoxification in folk medicine. However, little studies have been reported for their preparation, quality control, effects and toxicity.
METHODS
The leaves were collected from different pharms and seasons. The compounds in PP were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. UV-VIS spectrophotometry with phenol-sulfuric acid and sodium nitrite aluminum nitrate were conducted for analyzing the water-soluble sugars and total flavonoids, respectively. L(3) orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the preparation process of PP. For the pharmacological effects of PP, the swelling right hind paw of ICR mice was modeled using subcutaneous injection of carrageenan gum solution, and the local tissue inflammatory reactions of the model mice were investigated using vernier calipers and HE staining. The serum inflammatory factor expression was detected using ELISA. The acute toxicity experiments were carried out for safety assessment of PP in ICR mice.
RESULTS
Fifty-three compounds were initially identified in PP among which flavonoids were dominant (19 out of 53). The average values of water-soluble sugar content and total flavonoid content of PP were 13.366 and 4.970 mg/g, respectively. The best preparation process of PP was powder-liquid ratio 1: 20, temperature 90 °C, and stirring time 3 min. Data showed that PP reduced paw edema and decrease the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the model mice. There was no toxic effect of PP on mice at a total dose of 6000 mg/kg/24h.
CONCLUSION
In summary, by optimizing the preparation process, PP with stable quality can be obtained. PP has anti-inflammatory effects without toxicity.
PubMed: 36281378
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11082 -
Insights Into Imaging Sep 2022To explore the feasibility of the three-dimensional printing (3DP) knee model using the ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan for preoperative planning and...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the feasibility of the three-dimensional printing (3DP) knee model using the ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan for preoperative planning and simulated surgery.
METHODS
Thirty-six patients were divided into the standard-dose protocol group (A) and ultra-low-dose protocol group (B). The anteroposterior diameter, left and right diameter of femur, anteroposterior diameter of tibial plateau (APTP), left and right diameter, distance from the intercondylar ridge to tibial tuberosity, lower femur angle, and upper tibial angle were measured on CT images. On the 3D printed knee joint model, Vernier calipers were used to measure: anteroposterior diameter, left and right diameter of the internal and external condyles of femur; left and right diameters, anteroposterior diameters of tibial plateau; upper and lower meridian, left and right diameters of patella.
RESULTS
With group A as reference, the effective radiation dose in group B was significantly reduced to 97.0% (36.4 ± 3.7 uSv and 1.1 ± 0.2 uSv, respectively). There was no difference in objective parameters for 3DP model (p = 0.31-0.84). None of the quantitative parameters of image quality showed significant difference (p = 0.11-0.96). Despite lower score of image quality and 3DP model in group B (3.0 ± 0.0 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2, 2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.4; p < 0.05), the diagnostic performance was consistent in the two groups (all scores ≥ 2). Image quality and 3DP printed models were highly consistent (k = 0.97).
CONCLUSIONS
Ultra-low-dose protocol reduces the radiation dose while maintaining the image quality of knee. It meets the requirement for 3DP model, internal fixation model selection, and simulated surgery.
PubMed: 36153379
DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01291-8 -
Nanoscale Advances Jun 2022In this study, 0.02 and 0.04 wt% of chitosan (CS) were successfully incorporated in a fixed amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-doped BiO nanostructures (NSs) a...
In this study, 0.02 and 0.04 wt% of chitosan (CS) were successfully incorporated in a fixed amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-doped BiO nanostructures (NSs) a co-precipitation approach. The purpose of this research was to degrade hazardous methylene blue dye and assess antimicrobial potential of the prepared CS/PVP-doped BiO nanostructures. In addition, optical characteristics, charge recombination rate, elemental composition, phase formation, surface morphology, functional groups, -spacing, and crystallinity of the obtained nanostructures were investigated. CS/PVP-doped BiO nanostructures exhibited efficient catalytic activity (measured as 99%) in a neutral medium for dopant-free nanostructures while the inhibition zone was measured using a Vernier caliper against pathogens () and () at low and high doses to check antimicrobial activity. Strong bactericidal action was recorded against bacteria such that a significant inhibition zone was measured at 3.09 mm.
PubMed: 36132288
DOI: 10.1039/d2na00105e -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and...
BACKGROUND
Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and forensics. In the identification of unknown human remains of the deceased, stature estimation is a preliminary investigation. Previously, the comparison of osteometry with odontometry in stature determination has been made. Similarly, an attempt is made to estimate stature using intercanine and intermolar width which may be a forensic tool in the future.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine stature using intercanine and intermolar width in the maxillary and mandibular arches and correlating to identify highly reliable parameter among the two. Further to evaluate the usefulness of odontometry in stature determination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of APDCH and students of APDCH. One hundred subjects were included in the study comprising fifty males and fifty females within the age group of 17-28 years as per inclusion criteria. Digital Vernier caliper for measuring intercanine width (cusp tips on either sides) and intermolar width (central fossa of 1 molar on either sides) on the study models and standard anthropometer for measuring the height of the subject (vertex to the floor).
RESULTS
Compared to other parameters, the maxillary intercanine distance is statistically significant to = 0.05 with correlation value of 0.06 by Pearson correlation method.
CONCLUSION
The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and was found that out of the four selected odontometric parameters, maxillary intercanine width with a = of 0.032 and Pearson correlation of 0.307 in Group 1 (males) were found to show a significant correlation with height. Regression analysis was done, and regression equations were derived. The following regression equation can be used to calculate the height of an individual, Group 1 (male) -Y = B+ Ax. Y = 135.5 + 0.947X (X - maxillary inter canine width). This method of stature prediction may be of relative importance but not of absolute certainty, thereby making it an adjunct to various other methods of stature prediction. Therefore, using odontometric parameters in combination improves the predictability of estimating stature rather than a single parameter.
PubMed: 36110759
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_853_21 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.
CONTEXT
Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.
AIM
To study the design, development, calibration, efficacy, and compliance of usage of a novel Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Need (CAITN) probe to measure cervical abrasion.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted as a part of comprehensive study for the development of standardized CAITN probe and index with a standard methodology for recording the abrasion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The compliance and usage of the probe were assessed by a standardized set of questionnaires to the interns followed by an study in 100 subjects. Gold standard comparisons with Vernier caliper, inter-examiner, and intra-examiner reliability were analyzed using SPSS.
RESULTS
Data from the questionnaire indicate that 100% of examiners had no difficulty in handling the instrument or measuring and reading the values. Comparison between the CAITN probe and the gold standard was statistically significant indicating a correlation for cervical abrasion measurement between the two methods ( < 0.001). The mean difference between the two measurements using the CAITN probe and gold standard method was calculated with paired -test and was insignificant ( > 0.05). High statistical significant correlation was also found for intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability measurement of CAITN probe ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The design and structure of the CAITN probe are standardized with a fair gold standard comparison and that the novel probe can be used as an effective tool to measure the depth of cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
PubMed: 36110716
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_627_21 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral...
AIM
The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral scanners and plaster models derived from alginate and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Alginate and polyvinylsiloxane impression was taken for 40 subjects, orthokal stone was poured and grouped as Group I and Group II, respectively. Intraoral scanning was done using Trios Pod 3shape for the same patients, digital models were obtained and grouped as Group III. OrthoAnalyzer software was used for obtaining measurements in digital models and Aerospace Vernier calipers in plaster models. The validity and reliability of the three groups were quantified and compared.
RESULTS
Validity measurements showed significant differences between tooth widths and Bolton ratios obtained from digital models and plaster models indicating higher accuracy for plaster models whereas reliability coefficients were excellent for digital models indicating better reproducibility of values.
CONCLUSION
The study shows significant differences in accuracy on measuring with vernier calipers and Orthoanalyzer software showing plaster models are still better than digital models for measuring tooth widths and bolton ratios.
PubMed: 36110640
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_735_21 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022The ratio between second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) is termed as hormonal fingerprint. Second and fourth digit lengths ratio is used as a biological marker...
BACKGROUND
The ratio between second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) is termed as hormonal fingerprint. Second and fourth digit lengths ratio is used as a biological marker for predicting and diagnosis of many metabolic disorders mainly coronary heart disease and autism, whereas, in dentistry, this method is still in blooming stage. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the new biological marker-hormonal fingerprints in the early detection of caries in children.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 250 children were randomly selected from both sexes of the age group 6-16 years. Caries assessment was done using standard mouth mirrors and community periodontal index probes. Caries status (deft and DMFT) was recorded and subjects with a total DMFT/deft score of >5 were considered to have a high caries rate. The hormonal fingerprint was made by measuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of vernier caliper. The entire study population was divided into children with 2D:4D ratio less than 1 and ≥1 based on the calculations of 2D:4D.
RESULTS
The results showed that 79.67% males and 29.92% females have 2D:4D ratio <1 and 70.07% females and 20.32% males have 2D:4D ≥1. There is negative correlation between caries incidence and 2D:4D ratio. Children with low 2D:4D ratio have high caries index (54.4%) and high 2D:4D ratio have low caries index (45.6%), which is statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The study confirms a positive correlation between low 2D:4D ratio and high caries, which could be used as an early biological predictor of dental caries.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Beegum F, Khan N, George S, Early Prediction of Dental Caries using Hormonal Fingerprint in 6-12 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):247-250.
PubMed: 35991796
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2387 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Jul 2022Mechanical preparation and the formation of space for adequate obturation are included in root canal shaping, but the complex root canal anatomy may be affect it....
BACKGROUND
Mechanical preparation and the formation of space for adequate obturation are included in root canal shaping, but the complex root canal anatomy may be affect it. Manufacturers have created different alloys like M-Wire, Blue-Wire, Gold-Wire or R-phase. Objective: This investigation was performed to verify the null hypothesis that there were not significant differences between size 25 instruments ESP Files Thermoflex, Protaper Ultimate, Protaper Next, Blueshaper, One Curve and 2Shape about cyclic fatigue and length of broken fragments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
180 new size 25 files of the systems investigated were selected (n=30). Files were used with Endo Mate DT endo motor with speed and torque recommended by manufacturers, holding the instruments with clamping mechanism, with passive adjustment, glycerine and without pressure in a stainless-steel block. The time was calculated in seconds until fracture. Number of fatigue cycles was determined as (Resistance (s) x Speed)/60. Separated fragment lengths were calculated with digital Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS 18 programme at a 95% confidence level, using Levene´s Test to compare variances, Welch's Test to compare means, and Games-Howell´s Test to reveal differences between groups.
RESULTS
Levene's Test determined no equal variances (<0.05). Welch's Test and ANOVA (<0.05) showed significant differences in cyclic fatigue and separated fragment lengths. Games-Howell's and Bonferroni´s Test established significant differences in multiple comparisons (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
ESP Files Thermoflex was superior in cyclic fatigue. About separated fragment lengths, ESP Files Thermoflex, Protaper Ultimate and Blueshaper obtained longer lengths. Cyclic fatigue, continuous movement, separated fragment lengths, rotary systems.
PubMed: 35912033
DOI: 10.4317/jced.59747 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022the anatomy of the suprascapular notch and its relationship to scapular dimensions are critical in the management of suprascapular neuropathies. Individuals show...
Morphometric study of the suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in adult Malawian cadavers and implications of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament.
INTRODUCTION
the anatomy of the suprascapular notch and its relationship to scapular dimensions are critical in the management of suprascapular neuropathies. Individuals show considerable differences in the dimensions of the suprascapular notch across populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and morphometric dimensions of the suprascapular notch in adult Malawian cadavers and to suggest clinical implications associated with complete ossification of the suprascapular ligament.
METHODS
adult dry scapulae from undetermined sex specimens (n=125) obtained from the skeletal collection at Kamuzu University of Health Sciences were classified according to the Rengachary categorization method to assess the suprascapular notch superior transverse distance, mid transverse distance, depth, scapula length and width using a standard Vernier caliper.
RESULTS
the most prevalent suprascapular notch class was type I, which was found in 46 (36.8%) of all scapulae. Type VI was the least common, found in only 1 (0.8%) of the scapulae. The mean notch superior transverse distance was 1.3 ± 0.6 cm, while the mean maximum depth was 0.6 ± 0.3 cm. Only the differences in depth, however, were statistically significant (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION
the current study has described the morphology and morphometry of the suprascapular notch in relation to the risk of suprascapular nerve entrapment associated with complete ossification of the suprascapular ligament. Our sample population generally showed smaller suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions than other populations. This should be considered during the management of suprascapular neuropathy and preoperative planning of surgical operations of the shoulder region.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Humans; Ligaments, Articular; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Osteogenesis; Scapula; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 35865849
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.324.33205 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis.
CONTEXT
In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis.
AIMS
To derive new regression equation in sample subjects (indigenous group) with no intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (Bolton's ratio) residing in Davangere and to evaluate its accuracy. To assess the difference of tooth dimensions between males and females and difference between right and left of dental arches.
DESIGN
Descriptive study.
AND METHODS
One hundred and fifty children (11-15 years) were included and dental casts were made. A digital Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of teeth. Bolton's ratio was calculated. Group A: Casts without Bolton's discrepancy and Group B: Casts with Bolton's discrepancy.
USED
The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 22.0. New regression equations were derived using correlation and regression analysis.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference was recorded between the actual and predicted mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of permanent canine and premolars in maxilla and mandible, with/without Bolton's discrepancy. Males had statistically significant higher mean in maxillary and mandibular canine dimensions than female and no statistically significant difference between right and left side of dental arches was found.
CONCLUSION
New regression equation was formulated for Davangere population, in which actual and predicted widths of permanent canines and premolars were found to be almost similar when established from sample with/without Bolton's discrepancy. In MDWs, the canine showed significant sexual dimorphism and no clinically significant variations were seen in the right and left sides of both the arches.
Topics: Cuspid; Dental Arch; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Odontometry
PubMed: 35859406
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_95_22