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Current Developments in Nutrition Jun 2024Glutamine in milk is believed to play an important role in neonatal intestinal maturation and immune function. For lactating mothers, glutamine utilization is increased...
BACKGROUND
Glutamine in milk is believed to play an important role in neonatal intestinal maturation and immune function. For lactating mothers, glutamine utilization is increased to meet the demands of the enlarged intestine and milk production. However, the source of such glutamine during lactation has not been studied.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the effects of lactation on the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the mammary gland and other tissues of lactating mice.
METHODS
Mouse tissues were sampled at 4 time points: 8-wk-old (virgin, control), post-delivery day 5 (PD5, early lactation), PD15 (peak lactation), and involution (4 days after weaning at PD21). We examined the gene expression and protein concentrations of GS and the first 2 enzymes of branched-chain amino acid catabolism: branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase subunit E1α (BCKDHA).
RESULTS
The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein concentrations of GS in mammary glands were significantly lower at PD5 and PD15 compared with the control but were restored at involution. Within the mammary gland, GS protein was only detected in adipocytes with no evidence of presence in mammary epithelial cells. Compared with the control, mRNA and protein concentrations of BCAT2 and BCKDHA in mammary glands significantly decreased during lactation and involution. No changes in GS protein concentrations during lactation were found in the liver, skeletal muscle, and lung. In non-mammary adipose tissue, GS protein abundance was higher during lactation compared with the virgin.
CONCLUSIONS
This work shows that, within the mouse mammary gland, GS is only expressed in adipocytes and that the relative GS abundance in mammary gland sections is lower during lactation. This suggests that mammary adipocytes may be a site of glutamine synthesis in the lactating mouse. Identifying the sources of glutamine production during lactation is important for optimizing milk glutamine concentration to enhance neonatal and maternal health.
PubMed: 38813479
DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102168 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal husbandry is usually attributed to the use of antibiotics and poor hygiene and biosecurity. We therefore conducted...
The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal husbandry is usually attributed to the use of antibiotics and poor hygiene and biosecurity. We therefore conducted experimental trials to improve hygiene management in weaned pig houses and assessed the impact on the spread. For each of the two groups examined, the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), three replicate batches of piglets from the same pig breeder, kept in pre-cleaned flat decks, were analyzed. In the flat decks of the experimental groups, the hygiene conditions (cleaning, disinfection, dust removal and fly control) were improved, while regular hygiene measures were carried out in the control groups. The occurrence and spread of AMR were determined in (; resistance indicator) using cultivation-dependent (CFU) and -independent (qPCR) methods as well as whole genome sequencing of isolates in samples of various origins, including feces, flies, feed, dust and swabs. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in the prevalence of resistant between the flat decks managed with conventional techniques and those managed with improved techniques. Selective cultivation delivered ampicillin- and sulfonamide-resistant proportions of up to 100% and 1.2%, respectively. While 0.5% resistant to cefotaxime and no ciprofloxacin resistance were detected. There was a significant difference ( < 0.01) in the abundance of the gene in fecal samples between EG and CG groups. The colonization of piglets with resistant pathogens before arrival, the movement of flies in the barn and the treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics obscured the effects of hygiene improvement. Biocide tolerance tests showed no development of resistance to the farm regular disinfectant. Managing hygiene alone was insufficient for reducing antimicrobial resistances in piglet rearing. We conclude that the complex factors contributing to the presence and distribution of AMR in piglet barns underscore the necessity for a comprehensive management strategy.
PubMed: 38812683
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393923 -
Critical Care Science 2024To discuss the strengths and limitations of ventilator-free days and to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different analytic methods for analyzing and...
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the strengths and limitations of ventilator-free days and to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different analytic methods for analyzing and interpreting this outcome.
METHODS
Using simulations, the power of different analytical methods was assessed, namely: quantile (median) regression, cumulative logistic regression, generalized pairwise comparison, conditional approach and truncated approach. Overall, 3,000 simulations of a two-arm trial with n = 300 per arm were computed using a two-sided alternative hypothesis and a type I error rate of α = 0.05.
RESULTS
When considering power, median regression did not perform well in studies where the treatment effect was mainly driven by mortality. Median regression performed better in situations with a weak effect on mortality but a strong effect on duration, duration only, and moderate mortality and duration. Cumulative logistic regression was found to produce similar power to the Wilcoxon rank-sum test across all scenarios, being the best strategy for the scenarios of moderate mortality and duration, weak mortality and strong duration, and duration only.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we describe the relative power of new methods for analyzing ventilator-free days in critical care research. Our data provide validation and guidance for the use of the cumulative logistic model, median regression, generalized pairwise comparisons, and the conditional and truncated approach in specific scenarios.
Topics: Humans; Critical Care; Respiration, Artificial; Logistic Models; Time Factors; Computer Simulation; Ventilator Weaning
PubMed: 38808905
DOI: 10.62675/2965-2774.20240246-en -
Critical Care Science 2024
Topics: Humans; Ventilator Weaning; Intensive Care Units; Diaphragm; Tracheostomy; Quadriceps Muscle; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 38808904
DOI: 10.62675/2965-2774.20240131-en -
CoDAS 2024This paper describe a successful experience of promotion, prevention and support for breastfeeding developed by professionals from a basic health unit. This is a...
This paper describe a successful experience of promotion, prevention and support for breastfeeding developed by professionals from a basic health unit. This is a Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic, implemented in a health center in Belo Horizonte, in August 2019. The Outpatient Clinic was established based on the perception of the unit's team that many mothers had difficulty breastfeeding, however, due to the work overload of this team, this assistance did not occur in a timely manner, resulting in early weaning. Initially, a meeting was held to sensitize the team on the breastfeeding indicators of the unit. Based on this knowledge, the implementation of a breastfeeding Outpatient clinic was proposed, aimed not only at dyad with difficulties in managing breastfeeding, but at all postpartum women in the area covered by that health center. A flow was created, through which it was established that all postpartum women who brought their children to carry out the heel prick test at the unit would be referred to the Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic to perform this service. With the improvement of care, the users of the health center started to breastfeed for longer, which reflected in the improvement of the unit's indicators.
Topics: Humans; Breast Feeding; Female; Primary Health Care; Health Promotion; Brazil; Adult; Mothers
PubMed: 38808855
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022234pt -
Frontiers in Genetics 2024The Ningxiang pig, a distinguished local breed in China, is recognized for its good meat quality traits. This study examines the proteomics of Ningxiang pigs at three...
The Ningxiang pig, a distinguished local breed in China, is recognized for its good meat quality traits. This study examines the proteomics of Ningxiang pigs at three developmental stages and delves into the upstream transcriptomics of these proteomics. Such an analysis facilitates a deeper understanding of the molecular interplay between proteins and transcriptomes in the Ningxiang pig muscle, influencing muscle growth and development. In this research, we analyzed the muscles of Ningxiang pigs at three developmental stages: 30 days in weaned piglets, 90 days in nursery pigs, and 210 days in late fattening pigs. There a total of 16 differentially co-expressed miRNAs (ssc-miRNA-1, ssc-miRNA-378, ssc-miRNA-143, ssc-miRNA-30e, etc.), 74 differentially co-expressed mRNA (, , and , etc.) have been identified in the three stages. 572 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) (, , , , , etc.) were readily identified by comparing different time periods. According to the KEGG enrich pathway results that DAPs most enriched in growth and development pathways, immune mechanism pathways and maintaining functions of physical. Through short time-series expression miner (STEM) association analysis, a total of 571 negative miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs and 2 negative miRNA-mRNA-protein (Chr05_11955-Pig.17268.1-, ssc-miR-194a-3p-Pig.15802.1-) interaction pairs were found. Our study provides a theoretical basis on molecular mechanism for the study of IMF deposition, muscle growth and immunity in Ningxiang pig breed.
PubMed: 38808333
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1393834 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is related to oxidative stress (OS) and leads to intestinal injury. SC06 (SC06) can regulate OS, but its roles in intestinal ER stress...
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is related to oxidative stress (OS) and leads to intestinal injury. SC06 (SC06) can regulate OS, but its roles in intestinal ER stress remains unclear. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 32 weaned piglets were treated by two SC06 levels (0 or 1 × 10 CFU/g), either with or without diquat (DQ) injection. We found that SC06 increased growth performance, decreased ileal permeability, OS and ER stress in DQ-treated piglets. Transcriptome showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by DQ were enriched in NF-κB signaling pathway. DEGs between DQ- and SC06 + DQ-treated piglets were enriched in glutathione metabolism pathway. Ileal microbiome revealed that the SC06 + DQ treatment decreased and increased . Correlations were found between microbiota and ER stress genes. In conclusion, dietary SC06 supplementation increased the performance, decreased the permeability, OS and ER stress in weaned piglets by regulating ileal genes and microbiota.
PubMed: 38808274
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362487 -
Methods and Protocols May 2024Mechanical ventilation significantly improves patient survival but is associated with complications, increasing healthcare costs and morbidity. Identifying optimal...
BACKGROUND
Mechanical ventilation significantly improves patient survival but is associated with complications, increasing healthcare costs and morbidity. Identifying optimal weaning times is paramount to minimize these risks, yet current methods rely heavily on clinical judgment, lacking specificity.
METHODS
This study introduces a novel multiparametric predictive score, the MUSVIP (MUltiparametric Score for Ventilation discontinuation in Intensive care Patients), aimed at accurately predicting successful extubation. Conducted at Santo Stefano Hospital's ICU, this single-center, observational, prospective cohort study will span over 12 months, enrolling adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. The MUSVIP integrates variables measured before and during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to formulate a predictive score.
RESULTS
Preliminary analyses suggest an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.815 for the MUSVIP, indicating high predictive capacity. By systematically applying this score, we anticipate identifying patients likely to succeed in weaning earlier, potentially reducing ICU length of stay and associated healthcare costs.
CONCLUSION
This study's findings could significantly influence clinical practices, offering a robust, easy-to-use tool for optimizing weaning processes in ICUs.
PubMed: 38804339
DOI: 10.3390/mps7030045 -
Cureus Apr 2024Pain management in patients on chronic opioid therapy is a common clinical challenge. The phenomena of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance are important...
Pain management in patients on chronic opioid therapy is a common clinical challenge. The phenomena of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance are important contributors to that challenge. There are multiple strategies described to wean opioid doses and/or transition patients off opioids altogether. However, there is very little data to guide transitions off chronic intrathecal opioids. Here, we report on two patients with intractable post-laminectomy pain syndrome, resulting in severe functional limitation in the setting of opioid escalation culminating in the intrathecal delivery of hydromorphone to daily doses as high as 20 mg/day. We describe their rapid successful weaning off opioids using low-dose buprenorphine, which resulted in a dramatic improvement in pain and function.
PubMed: 38803786
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59134 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... May 2024To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics among children on prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) due to different primary diseases.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics among children on prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) due to different primary diseases.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 59 pediatric patients requiring PMV from July 2017 to September 2022. According to the primary disease, they were divided into respiratory disease (RD) group, central nervous system (CNS) group, neuromuscular disease (NMD) group, and other disease group. The four groups were compared in terms of general information, treatment, and outcome.
RESULTS
There were significant differences among the four groups in age, body weight, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM Ⅲ) score, analgesic and sedative treatment, nutrition supply, rehabilitation treatment, tracheotomy, successful ventilator weaning, and outcomes (<0.05). Compared with the RD group, the CNS group and the other disease group had a significantly higher age and a significantly higher proportion of children receiving rehabilitation treatment, and the CNS group had a significantly higher proportion of children receiving tracheotomy (<0.008). Compared with the other disease group, the CNS group and the NMD group had significantly lower PELOD-2 and PRISM III scores, and the CNS group had a significantly higher proportion of children with successful ventilator weaning and a significantly higher proportion of children who were improved and discharged (<0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
There are differences in clinical characteristics among children receiving PMV due to different etiologies. Most children in the RD group have a younger age, and children in the CNS group have a relatively good prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Respiration, Artificial; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Child, Preschool; Infant; Neuromuscular Diseases; Child; Central Nervous System Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 38802908
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2311035