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Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2023Low-back pain (LBP) may be directly or indirectly related to impairments from the hip joint. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Low-back pain (LBP) may be directly or indirectly related to impairments from the hip joint.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of hip interventions on pain and disability in patients with LBP in the short-, medium-, and long-term.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched in November 2022. Randomized controlled trials involving hip-targeted interventions compared to specific low back interventions in patients with LBP were selected. The outcomes were pain intensity and disability. The quality of the studies was assessed with the risk of bias tool. GRADE was used to rate the certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models.
RESULTS
A total of 2581 studies were screened. Eight were included in the meta-analysis involving 508 patients with LBP. The results provided very low certainty that both hip strengthening and hip stretching improved pain (MD = -0.66; 95% CI -0.86, -0.48; I:0%) (MD = -0.55; 95% CI -1.02, -0.08) and disability (SMD = -0.81; 95% CI -1.53, -0.10; I: 80%) (SMD = -1.03; 95% CI -1.82, -0.25) in the short-term, respectively. No benefits were found in the medium- or long-term. The risk of bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision of the results downgraded the level of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Very low certainty evidence suggest a positive effect of hip strengthening in isolation or combined with specific low back exercise and hip stretching combined with specific low back exercise for decreasing pain intensity and disability in the short-term, in patients with LBP.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER
PROSPERO CRD42022303173.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Pain; Low Back Pain; Exercise Therapy; Pain Measurement; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 37037144
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100502 -
BMC Public Health May 2022Physical activity guidelines for adults with disability, chronic conditions, and pregnancy (i.e., specific populations) have been developed to provide guidance for...
BACKGROUND
Physical activity guidelines for adults with disability, chronic conditions, and pregnancy (i.e., specific populations) have been developed to provide guidance for engaging in physical activity. However, specific populations remain considerably less physically active compared to the general population, presenting a knowledge-practice gap.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to identify and evaluate strategies for disseminating and implementing physical activity guidelines among specific populations and/or stakeholders (e.g., healthcare professionals) in Canada.
METHODS
Five search approaches (peer-reviewed literature databases, grey literature database, custom Google search engines, targeted web-based searches, and content expert consultation) identified records documenting and/or evaluating strategies that had been used to disseminate or implement guidelines from a predetermined list. Systematic and scoping review protocols were followed. Risk of bias assessments were conducted for all studies that evaluated strategies.
RESULTS
Eighty-one records reported dissemination strategies (n = 42), implementation strategies (n = 28), or both (n = 11). Twenty-two studies reporting on 29 evaluated strategies were deemed "serious" or "high" risk of bias. Common guideline dissemination and implementation strategies are deliberated and recommendations for future practice are made.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings may inform future dissemination and implementation efforts for physical activity guidelines in Canada or similar countries.
Topics: Adult; Canada; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Exercise; Female; Humans; Knowledge; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35606712
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13317-3 -
BMC Health Services Research Oct 2014People with intellectual disability are at risk of poor hospital experiences and outcomes. The aims were to conduct a content and quality review of research into the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
People with intellectual disability are at risk of poor hospital experiences and outcomes. The aims were to conduct a content and quality review of research into the acute hospital experiences of both people with intellectual disabilities and their carers, and to identify research gaps.
METHOD
A systematic search was conducted of primary research between 2009 and 2013 that addressed the experiences of the target group in general acute care hospitals. Quality appraisal tools yielded scores for quantitative and qualitative studies, and overarching themes across studies were sought.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. Quality scores were 6/8 for a survey, and 2/11-9/11 (mean =5.25) for qualitative studies/components. Content analysis revealed seven over-arching themes covering individuals' fear of hospital encounters, carer responsibilities, and problems with delivery of care in hospitals including staff knowledge, skills and attitudes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review of eligible papers revealed that despite 20 years of research and government initiatives, people with intellectual disability continue to have poor hospital experiences. The need for research to identify and investigate care at specific points of encounter across a hospital journey (such as admission, diagnostic testing, placement on a ward, and discharge) as well as to include people with a diversity of disabilities is discussed in terms of potential to influence policy and practice across health and disability sectors.
Topics: Hospitalization; Hospitals, General; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Patient Satisfaction
PubMed: 25344333
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-014-0505-5 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2017Previous studies indicate that psychological, social, and organizational factors at work contribute to health, motivation, absence from work, and functional ability. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Previous studies indicate that psychological, social, and organizational factors at work contribute to health, motivation, absence from work, and functional ability. The objective of the study was to assess the current state of knowledge of the contribution of psychological, social, and organizational factors to disability retirement by a systematic review and meta-analyses.
METHODS
Data sources: A systematic literature search for studies of retirement due to disability in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO was performed. Reference lists of relevant articles were hand-searched for additional studies.
DATA EXTRACTION
Internal validity was assessed independently by two referees with a detailed checklist for sources of bias. Conclusions were drawn based on studies with acceptable quality.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We calculated combined effect estimates by means of averaged associations (Risk ratios) across samples, weighting observed associations by the study's sample size. Thirty-nine studies of accepted quality were found, 37 of which from the Nordic countries.
RESULTS
There was moderate evidence for the role of low control (supported by weighted average RR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.21-1.61) and moderate evidence for the combination of high demands and low control (although weighted average was RR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.96-2.19) as predictors of disability retirement. There were no major systematic differences in findings between the highest rated and the lowest rated studies that passed the criterion for adequate quality. There was limited evidence for downsizing, organizational change, lack of employee development and supplementary training, repetitive work tasks, effort-reward imbalance to increase risk of disability pension. Very limited evidence was found for job demands, evening or night work, and low social support from ones superior.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological and organizational factors at work contribute to disability retirement with the most robust evidence for the role of work control. We recommend the measurement of specific exposure factors in future studies.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Status; Humans; Mental Disorders; Motivation; Organizational Culture; Retirement; Risk; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; Social Support
PubMed: 28178966
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4059-4 -
MedEdPublish (2016) 2018This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Learning disabilities (LD) are a mixed group of disorders exhibited by substantial difficulties in the...
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Learning disabilities (LD) are a mixed group of disorders exhibited by substantial difficulties in the achievement and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical skills. The objective of this paper is to highlight different learning disabilities and their effects on medical students and suggest the best assessment strategy for such students. The medical education literature was searched for articles related to learning disabilities and how they effect medical students. Learning disability constitutes to be challenging for the student as well as the faculty because apparently, there is no disability to be seen. It is difficult to diagnose and sometimes it remains unidentified till late adulthood when the compensatory mechanisms crash down leaving the student in despair and low self-confidence. The identification of such a disorder requires appropriate personnel to diagnose such condition which are currently not available in the medical schools. Literature shows that multiple choice questions (MCQs) are the best method of choice in assessment of students with learning disability as it does not discriminate between students with and without LD.
PubMed: 38074584
DOI: 10.15694/mep.2018.0000142.1 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2018Stigma across HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and physical disability can be co-occurring and may interact with other forms of stigma related to social identities like race,...
BACKGROUND
Stigma across HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and physical disability can be co-occurring and may interact with other forms of stigma related to social identities like race, gender, and sexuality. Stigma is especially problematic for people living with these conditions because it can create barriers to accessing necessary social and structural supports, which can intensify their experiences with stigma. This review aims to contribute to the knowledge on stigma by advancing a cross-analysis of HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and physical disability stigma, and exploring whether and how intersectionality frameworks have been used in the systematic reviews of stigma.
METHODS
A search of the literature was conducted to identify systematic reviews which investigated stigma for HIV/AIDS, mental illness and/or physical disability. The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and PsycINFO were searched for reviews published between 2005 and 2017. Data were extracted from eligible reviews on: type of systematic review and number of primary studies included in the review, study design study population(s), type(s) of stigma addressed, and destigmatizing interventions used. A keyword search was also done using the terms "intersectionality", "intersectional", and "intersection"; related definitions and descriptions were extracted. Matrices were used to compare the characteristics of reviews and their application of intersectional approaches across the three health conditions.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight reviews met the inclusion criteria. The majority (99%) of reviews examined only one of the health conditions. Just three reviews focused on physical disability. Most reviews (94%) reported a predominance of behavioural rather than structural interventions targeting stigma in the primary studies. Only 17% of reviews used the concept and/or approach of intersectionality; all but one of these reviews examined HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of systematic reviews comparing stigma across mental illness, HIV/AIDS, and physical disability indicates the need for more cross-comparative analyses among these conditions. The integration of intersectional approaches would deepen interrogations of co-occurring social identities and stigma.
Topics: Adult; Disabled Persons; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Social Stigma; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 30049270
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5861-3 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2010Alcohol use disorders (AUD), i.e., alcohol dependence and abuse, are major contributors to burden of disease. A large part of this burden is because of disability.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Alcohol use disorders (AUD), i.e., alcohol dependence and abuse, are major contributors to burden of disease. A large part of this burden is because of disability. However, there is still controversy about the best disability weighting for AUD. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of alcohol-related disabilities.
METHODS
Systematic literature review and expert interviews.
RESULTS
There is heterogeneity in experts' descriptions of disabilities related to AUD. The major core attributes of disability related to AUD are changes of emotional state, social relationships, memory and thinking. The most important supplementary attributes are anxiety, impairments of speech and hearing.
CONCLUSIONS
This review identified the main patterns of disability associated with AUD. However, there was considerable variability, and data on less prominent patterns were fragmented. Further and systematic research is required for increasing the knowledge on disability related to AUD and for application of interventions for reducing the associated burden.
Topics: Alcoholism; Anxiety Disorders; Cost of Illness; Disability Evaluation; Emotions; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Memory; Social Behavior; Speech Disorders; Thinking
PubMed: 20662803
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01275.x -
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2023The inactivity of people with intellectual disabilities (PwID) is a major contributor to ill health. Probably because people with intellectual disabilities are not... (Review)
Review
The inactivity of people with intellectual disabilities (PwID) is a major contributor to ill health. Probably because people with intellectual disabilities are not adequately informed about physical activity and intervention programs required to enhance their fitness. This study critically reviewed physical activity: benefits and needs for maintenance of quality of life among adults with intellectual disability. An extensive search of bibliographic databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, BioMed Central and Medline identified 735 academic papers. The research rigour was evaluated, and the validity of the findings was established. Based on the inclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the review. Various forms of physical activity were studied as interventions. The results of a critical review indicate that physical activity has a moderate to strong positive impact on weight loss, sedentary behaviour, and disability-related quality of life. Adults with ID may benefit from physical activity as a non-pharmaceutical method of improving their health needs. However, this study's results may only apply to some adults with intellectual disabilities. The sample size needs to be increased in future studies in order to draw generalizable conclusions.
PubMed: 37361407
DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1184946 -
Maturitas Jan 2011Compared to men, women live longer but experience greater morbidity as they age. However, little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with... (Review)
Review
Compared to men, women live longer but experience greater morbidity as they age. However, little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with disability. Women aging with disabilities may encounter barriers that increase risk of morbidity, including lack of access to medical care or inadequate assistance, equipment, or services. To evaluate risks of morbidity in this group, we conducted a systematic review focused on two important and prevalent conditions: cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis. MEDLINE was searched for reports published between January 1, 1990 and August 6, 2010 and additional studies were identified through searches of bibliographies. 9156 abstracts and 93 articles were reviewed to identify empirical studies of women with physical disability who were 45 years or older and that reported CVD or osteoporosis as an outcome and not a cause of the disability. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were then critically appraised to exclude poor quality studies. In seven articles that evaluated CVD outcomes, we found limited evidence to support an increased risk of prevalence of CVD or risk factors for CVD in women aging with physical disabilities compared to non-disabled control populations. The literature is limited by small sample sizes that reduced statistical power to detect true differences. No articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified to evaluate osteoporosis risk in this group. This review is limited by the narrow focus on physical disabilities and two health outcomes. Additional high quality empirical research is necessary to understand the risks to health of women aging with disabilities.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21075569
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.004 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Feb 2015The aim of this review was to summarize the important factors associated with participation in physical activity in children and adolescents with physical disabilities. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this review was to summarize the important factors associated with participation in physical activity in children and adolescents with physical disabilities.
METHOD
A systematic mixed-studies review was conducted using the databases Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PEDro, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus, searching for studies conducted from January 2000 to May 2013. The studies were identified by two independent researchers following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was determined using the McMaster University critical review forms for qualitative or quantitative research and was numerically rated according to the criteria developed by Imms.
RESULTS
The initial electronic search yielded 10 161 articles, of which six were qualitative and 12 were quantitative studies. These studies showed that a diverse range of positive and negative factors were associated with participation in physical activity, such as self-efficacy, physical fitness, increasing age, and the availability of equipment and local facilities.
INTERPRETATION
Future intervention studies could use these results, within the context of an individual child and his or her environment, as the basis for increasing physical activity levels, starting in early childhood and continuing throughout adolescence and into adulthood. An increased awareness of and focus on providing appropriate equipment and adapted sports in the child's own environment by policy makers might increase physical activity levels.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Children; Humans; Motor Activity
PubMed: 25403649
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12624