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Journal of Medical Internet Research Aug 2016As consumer health information technology (IT) becomes more thoroughly integrated into patient care, it is critical that these tools are appropriate for the diverse... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As consumer health information technology (IT) becomes more thoroughly integrated into patient care, it is critical that these tools are appropriate for the diverse patient populations whom they are intended to serve. Cultural differences associated with ethnicity are one aspect of diversity that may play a role in user-technology interactions.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to evaluate the current scope of consumer health IT interventions targeted to the US Spanish-speaking Latino population and to characterize these interventions in terms of technological attributes, health domains, cultural tailoring, and evaluation metrics.
METHODS
A narrative synthesis was conducted of existing Spanish-language consumer health IT interventions indexed within health and computer science databases. Database searches were limited to English-language articles published between January 1990 and September 2015. Studies were included if they detailed an assessment of a patient-centered electronic technology intervention targeting health within the US Spanish-speaking Latino population. Included studies were required to have a majority Latino population sample. The following were extracted from articles: first author's last name, publication year, population characteristics, journal domain, health domain, technology platform and functionality, available languages of intervention, US region, cultural tailoring, intervention delivery location, study design, and evaluation metrics.
RESULTS
We included 42 studies in the review. Most of the studies were published between 2009 and 2015 and had a majority percentage of female study participants. The mean age of participants ranged from 15 to 68. Interventions most commonly focused on urban population centers and within the western region of the United States. Of articles specifying a technology domain, computer was found to be most common; however, a fairly even distribution across all technologies was noted. Cancer, diabetes, and child, infant, or maternal health were the most common health domains targeted by consumer health IT interventions. More than half of the interventions were culturally tailored. The most frequently used evaluation metric was behavior/attitude change, followed by usability and knowledge retention.
CONCLUSIONS
This study characterizes the existing body of research exploring consumer health IT interventions for the US Spanish-speaking Latino population. In doing so, it reveals three primary needs within the field. First, while the increase in studies targeting the Latino population in the last decade is a promising advancement, future research is needed that focuses on Latino subpopulations previously overlooked. Second, preliminary steps have been taken to culturally tailor consumer health IT interventions for the US Spanish-speaking Latino population; however, focus must expand beyond intervention content. Finally, the field should work to promote long-term evaluation of technology efficacy, moving beyond intermediary measures toward measures of health outcomes.
Topics: Attitude; Consumer Health Information; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Language; Medical Informatics; United States
PubMed: 27511437
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5794 -
Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck... Dec 2021There has been increasing interest in the management of oropharyngeal swallowing dysfunction (SwD). Its prevalence, particularly in otherwise healthy infants and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
There has been increasing interest in the management of oropharyngeal swallowing dysfunction (SwD). Its prevalence, particularly in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers (OHITs), is underappreciated. As the standard diagnostic tests are either invasive or scarce, valid parent-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires could play a pivotal role in the understanding and managing SwD in this group. This article reviewed the literature on PRO questionnaires pertaining to SwD in OHITs.
DATA SOURCE
A librarian searched Prospero, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, HaPI, CINAHL, and SCOPUS until February 2021 using the MeSH terms for deglutition and screening methods.
REVIEW METHOD
Questionnaires that examined disease-specific or eating and feeding concerns or difficulties were excluded. Two reviewers independently identified PRO questionnaires for SwD that were used in OHITs and extracted the author names, publication year, questionnaire name, the studied population, and the reported psychometric assessments. A quality assessment was performed based on consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) and updated criteria for good measurement properties.
RESULTS
Of the 3488 screened articles, we identified only two questionnaires, the pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) and the PRO questionnaire for Swallowing Dysfunction in OHITs. The PEDI-EAT-10 authors assessed the validity and reliability on children with cerebral palsy. However, concerns were identified regarding the developmental process and the internal structure validity. The PRO questionnaire for SwD in OHITs meets criteria but has not yet been validated in the population of interest nor its psychometric properties assessed.
CONCLUSION
Two instruments were identified. The PED-EAT-10 exhibits methodological flaws, while Edmonton PRO questionnaire for SwD in OHITs awaits construct validation and could fill the current knowledge gap.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Deglutition; Humans; Infant; Parents; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34863293
DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00549-3 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2021Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex interactions between various genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Yoga is recommended as a nonmainstream...
INTRODUCTION
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex interactions between various genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Yoga is recommended as a nonmainstream treatment for many health conditions, including SUDs.
METHODS
Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated yoga as an intervention in adults with any type of substance use disorder. The interventions being studied included Hatha yoga, Sudarshan Kriya yoga, breathing yoga exercises, and meditation. Studies, where yoga was combined with other interventions were excluded. The effect of yoga as an intervention was analyzed using primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, and craving. Eight RCTs met the eligibility criteria, and quality analysis was conducted using the Cochrane criteria.
RESULTS
Among the 8 final studies eligible for quality analysis, 2 had undefined substance use, while the others were focused on tobacco, alcohol, or opioids. Seven out of 8 studies showed significant results and improved primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, or substance use. Seven out of the 8 studies showed significant positive outcomes using yoga in conjunction with other pharmacological treatment modalities like opioid substitution therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Six out of 8 studies showed low concerns, while 2 studies showed some concerns about the risk of bias judgment. Although the results look encouraging, RCTs with larger sample size are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment modality for substance use.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Meditation; Substance-Related Disorders; Yoga
PubMed: 34535521
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.05.210175 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, can prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influence athletic performance through various physiological and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, can prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influence athletic performance through various physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, there are conflicting results after summarizing and analyzing the relevant literature. Hence, it is warranted to evaluate the overall impact of flavonoids on athletic performance in healthy adults based on a comprehensive and systematic review and meta-analysis. After searching four databases for literature published since their respective establishments until February 2023 and conducting publication bias and quality assessments, a total of 22 studies were ultimately included. The names and doses of flavonoids, various outcome measurements, as well as types of training, were extracted from included studies. The athletic performance outcomes from the included studies were categorized into 'performance tests' and 'exercise tolerance,' depending on the type of training undertaken. Several statistical results, such as pooled effect size (ES), among others, were implemented by meta-analysis using the random effects model. The results of meta-analysis suggest that there is currently sufficient evidence (ES = -0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): [-0.50, -0.07]; = 0.01 and ES = 0.23; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.39]; = 0.005) to support the notion that flavonoid supplementation enhanced athletic performance in performance tests and exercise tolerance. In addition, among the subgroups, nonsignificant results were observed for athletes ( = 0.28) and acute supplementation ( = 0.41) in performance tests, as well as athletes ( = 0.57) and acute supplementation ( = 0.44) in exercise tolerance. Meanwhile, significant results were found for non-athletes ( = 0.04) and long-term supplementation ( = 0.02) in performance tests, as well as non-athletes ( = 0.005) in performance tests and long-term supplementation ( = 0.006) in exercise tolerance. The nonsignificant results were likely due to the limitation in the number of related papers, sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, type of flavonoids, and other factors. Therefore, future research should focus on further investigating these relationships with larger sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, and type of flavonoids to provide more robust conclusions.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Flavonoids; Athletic Performance; Exercise Tolerance; Athletes; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37960199
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214547 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Sep 2022Gender-affirming hormone therapy modifies body composition and lean muscle mass in transgender persons. We sought to characterize the change in serum creatinine, other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Gender-affirming hormone therapy modifies body composition and lean muscle mass in transgender persons. We sought to characterize the change in serum creatinine, other kidney function biomarkers, and GFR in transgender persons initiating masculinizing and feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 16, 2020 for randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series that evaluated the change in serum creatinine, other kidney function biomarkers, and GFR before and after the initiation of gender-affirming hormone therapy in adult transgender persons. Two reviewers independently screened and abstracted data, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the change in outcomes over follow-up of 3, 6, and 12 months.
RESULTS
Of the 4758 eligible studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria, including nine studies that recruited 488 transgender men and 593 women in which data were meta-analyzed. There was heterogeneity in study design, populations, gender-affirming hormone therapy routes, and dosing. At 12 months after initiating gender-affirming hormone therapy, serum creatinine increased by 0.15 mg/dl (95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.29) in 370 transgender men and decreased by -0.05 mg/dl (95% confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.05) in 361 transgender women. No study reported the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on albuminuria, proteinuria, cystatin C, or measured GFR.
CONCLUSIONS
Gender-affirming hormone therapy increases serum creatinine in transgender men and does not affect serum creatinine in transgender women. The effect on gender-affirming hormone therapy on other kidney function biomarkers and measured GFR is unknown.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER
Change in Kidney Function Biomarkers in Transgender Persons on Gender Affirmation Hormone Therapy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, CRD42020214248.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Creatinine; Transsexualism; Biomarkers; Hormones; Kidney
PubMed: 35973728
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01890222 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... May 2005To determine the effectiveness of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in traumatic corneal abrasions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in traumatic corneal abrasions.
METHODS
This was a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (1966-2004), EMBASE (1980-2004), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews (first quarter 2004). The structured search strategy included a RCT filter and the terms "cornea," "wounds and injuries," "trauma," "corneal diseases," "eye injuries," "anti-inflammatory agents, nonsteroidal" and specific trade names of topical NSAIDs. In addition, four journals in ophthalmology and emergency medicine were hand searched. Two authors independently reviewed citations from the literature searches. To be included, studies had to be RCTs evaluating topical NSAIDs in traumatic corneal abrasions. Trials were included regardless of language or whether they were unpublished or published. Exclusion criteria were corneal ulcers, nonrandomized studies, animal studies, or perioperative setting. Outcomes were pain scale scores at 24 hours and adverse effects. Two independent reviewers assessed four trial quality components: randomization, double blinding, reporting of withdrawals, and concealment of allocation. Weighted mean difference, using a random effects model, was calculated.
RESULTS
Of the 200 citations identified, 11 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Eight trials were identified from the MEDLINE search, two from the EMBASE search, and one from conference proceedings. Seven trials enrolled fewer than 100 patients, and more than half of the studies were conducted in Europe. Five trials reported suitable data for analysis. The overall weighted mean difference for 459 patients was a reduction in pain by 1.30 points (95% confidence interval = -1.56 to -1.03) on the pain scale. Five of the trials met criteria for good quality. Transient stinging was a commonly noted adverse effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Topical NSAIDs are effective analgesics for traumatic corneal abrasions.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Corneal Injuries; Eye Injuries; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15860701
DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2004.10.026 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Mar 2015To estimate the proportion of participants in clinical trials who understand different components of informed consent. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the proportion of participants in clinical trials who understand different components of informed consent.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar and by manually reviewing reference lists for publications up to October 2013. A meta-analysis of study results was performed using a random-effects model to take account of heterogeneity.
FINDINGS
The analysis included 103 studies evaluating 135 cohorts of participants. The pooled proportion of participants who understood components of informed consent was 75.8% for freedom to withdraw at any time, 74.7% for the nature of study, 74.7% for the voluntary nature of participation, 74.0% for potential benefits, 69.6% for the study's purpose, 67.0% for potential risks and side-effects, 66.2% for confidentiality, 64.1% for the availability of alternative treatment if withdrawn, 62.9% for knowing that treatments were being compared, 53.3% for placebo and 52.1% for randomization. Most participants, 62.4%, had no therapeutic misconceptions and 54.9% could name at least one risk. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses identified covariates, such as age, educational level, critical illness, the study phase and location, that significantly affected understanding and indicated that the proportion of participants who understood informed consent had not increased over 30 years.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of participants in clinical trials who understood different components of informed consent varied from 52.1% to 75.8%. Investigators could do more to help participants achieve a complete understanding.
Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comprehension; Female; Health Literacy; Humans; Informed Consent; Male; Middle Aged; Regression Analysis; Research Subjects; Young Adult
PubMed: 25883410
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.14.141390 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jul 2023This study aimed to establish intermaxillary tooth size ratios (overall index (OI) and anterior index (AI)) for normal occlusion and different Angle's malocclusions... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to establish intermaxillary tooth size ratios (overall index (OI) and anterior index (AI)) for normal occlusion and different Angle's malocclusions specific to the Saudi population and compare them to Bolton's values, which were specific to Americans.
METHODS
The Saudi Digital Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase were searched systematically to acquire articles which reported OI and AI for Saudi patients; inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data, including author's name, publication year, city, measurement technique, number of subjects, type of occlusion, means, and standard deviations, were extracted and sorted. To assess the methodological quality of the included studies, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was utilized.
RESULTS
Of the 1473 articles, eight met the inclusion criteria and were included in the -analysis. Values for normal occlusion and Bolton's values were not significantly different. All malocclusion classes showed significant differences in the overall OI and AI values compared with Bolton's original values and values for normal occlusion, but they did not differ from each other. Gender showed an effect only on the OI ratio for Class III malocclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Bolton's original values can be used in Saudi patients only with normal occlusion. For cases with any Angle's malocclusion, we recommend using an AI value of 79.08 (±3.4) for both genders. Classes I and II, regardless of gender, have the same OI value of 92.51 (±2.82). For Class III, values of 91.97 (±2.4) for females and 93.13 (±2.6) for males can be used.
PubMed: 37520607
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.006 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Dec 2020Patients with kidney failure experience depression at rates higher than the general population. Despite the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' ESRD Quality...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Patients with kidney failure experience depression at rates higher than the general population. Despite the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' ESRD Quality Incentive Program requirements for routine depression screening for patients with kidney failure, no clear guidance exists.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
For this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and other databases from inception to June 2020. Two investigators screened all abstracts and full text. We included studies assessing patients with kidney failure and compared a tool to a clinical interview or another validated tool (., Beck Depression Inventory II). We abstracted data related to sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the area under the curve. We evaluated the risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies evaluated the performance characteristics of depression assessment tools for patients with kidney failure. The Beck Depression Inventory II was by far the best studied. A wide range of thresholds were reported. Shorter tools in the public domain such as the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (adults over 60) performed well but were not well studied. Short tools such as the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen may be a good option for an initial screen.
CONCLUSIONS
There is limited research evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of most screening tools for depression in patients with kidney failure, and existing studies may not be generalizable to US populations. Studies suffer from limitations related to methodology quality and/or reporting. Future research should target widely used, free tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020140227.
Topics: Aged; Depression; Diagnostic Screening Programs; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Health Questionnaire; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Renal Insufficiency; Renal Replacement Therapy; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33203736
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05540420 -
Journal of Research in Health Sciences Oct 2021Accuracy, speed, efficiency, and applicability of activities in the workplace are among the most important effective factors on people's productivity, which is in turn...
BACKGROUND
Accuracy, speed, efficiency, and applicability of activities in the workplace are among the most important effective factors on people's productivity, which is in turn affected by environmental factors, such as light. Therefore, the present research aimed to review the studies performed about the effects of light on attention and reaction time.
METHODS
This review study systematically searched articles from 2000-2019 in databases of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords of light, lighting, attention, and reaction time. The titles and abstracts of articles containing relevant results over the past 20 years were extracted. Thereafter, they were categorized and analyzed according to the title, author name, publication year, study method, study type, and evaluation results.
RESULTS
Based on the results, the light with shorter wavelengths, higher intensity, and higher color temperature led to suppressed melatonin, higher consciousness, less somnolence, increased attention, and faster reaction time. Simultaneous exposure to harmful levels of environmental factors affects cognitive and physiological parameters, acting independently with a separate mechanism or synergistically with a similar mechanism. The best light in the regulation of psychological, biological, and cognitive processes is bright daylight in the morning with a short wavelength, high intensity, and more lasting effects.
CONCLUSION
As evidenced by the obtained results, light is a powerful modulator of non-visual performance in cognitive tasks. The wavelength, color temperature, and light intensity modulate brain responses to cognitive tasks, including attention and reaction time. Therefore, these parameters, along with personal and environmental factors, should be considered in designing and using light.
Topics: Humans; Reaction Time; Attention; Melatonin; Cognition; Workplace
PubMed: 36511225
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.66