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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Several studies have examined the use of positron emission tomography (PET) using [Ga]Ga-radiolabeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors (FAPi) across multiple... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic Accuracy of [Ga]Ga Labeled Fibroblast-Activation Protein Inhibitors in Detecting Head and Neck Cancer Lesions Using Positron Emission Tomography: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.
Several studies have examined the use of positron emission tomography (PET) using [Ga]Ga-radiolabeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors (FAPi) across multiple subtypes of head and neck cancer (HNC). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a newly developed molecular imaging approach in the context of HNC through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify scholarly articles about the diagnostic effectiveness of FAP-targeted PET imaging. The present study incorporates original publications assessing the efficacy of this innovative molecular imaging test in both newly diagnosed and previously treated HNC patients. This systematic review examined eleven investigations, of which nine were deemed suitable for inclusion in the subsequent meta-analysis. The quantitative synthesis yielded a pooled detection rate of 99% for primary HNC lesions. Additionally, on a per patient-based analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for regional lymph node metastases were found to be 90% and 84%, respectively. The analysis revealed a statistical heterogeneity among the studies for the detection rate of primary HNC lesions. The quantitative findings presented in this study indicate a favorable diagnostic performance of FAP-targeted PET imaging in detecting primary HNC tumors. In contrast, discordant results concerning the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node metastases were found. However, further multicentric trials are required to validate the efficacy of FAP-targeted PET in this specific group of patients.
PubMed: 38139791
DOI: 10.3390/ph16121664 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Nov 2023This systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed... (Review)
Review
Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies.
This systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Of 604 publications identified, 22 met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed bariatric surgery (seven gastric bypass, five gastric bypass/sleeve gastrectomy), and ten dietary interventions (six low-calorie diet, three very low-calorie diet, one prolonged fasting). Thirteen studies examined neurotransmitter systems (six used tracers for dopamine DRD2/3 receptors: two each for C-raclopride, F-fallypride, I-IBZM; one for dopamine transporter, I-FP-CIT; one used tracer for serotonin 5-HT receptor, F-altanserin; two used tracers for serotonin transporter, C-DASB or I-FP-CIT; two used tracer for μ-opioid receptor, C-carfentanil; one used tracer for noradrenaline transporter, C-MRB); seven studies assessed glucose uptake using F-fluorodeoxyglucose; four studies assessed regional cerebral blood flow using O-H O (one study also used arterial spin labeling); and two studies measured fatty acid uptake using F-FTHA and one using C-palmitate. The review summarizes findings and correlations with clinical outcomes, eating behavior, and mechanistic mediators. The small number of studies using each tracer and intervention, lack of dietary intervention control groups in any surgical studies, heterogeneity in time since intervention and degree of weight loss, and small sample sizes hindered the drawing of robust conclusions across studies.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Bariatric Surgery; Brain; Obesity; Neurotransmitter Agents
PubMed: 37699864
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13620 -
European Thyroid Journal Jan 2018Positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT are functional imaging methods that are widely used in diagnostic procedures in oncology.
BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT are functional imaging methods that are widely used in diagnostic procedures in oncology.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to assess the patient-relevant benefit of PET or PET/CT in patients with thyroid cancer based on a literature review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic review including studies that had been published until December 2013 was performed. To be included, studies had to prospectively investigate patients with thyroid cancer in a clinical setting of staging, restaging, or diagnosing tumour recurrence.
RESULTS
Out of 3,506 potentially relevant articles, 29 studies were included. No study directly evaluated the benefits of PET. Twenty-eight studies dealt with the diagnostic accuracy of PET or PET/CT, and 1 study evaluated the prognostic value of PET/CT. The authors showed that a positive result of PET/CT in restaging patients with differentiated thyroid cancer yielded a significant decrease in overall survival (hazard ratio, HR 5.01, CI 3.41-6.62). In patients with suspected recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer, meta-analysis showed higher sensitivity of PET (89.7%, CI 78-99%) and PET/CT (94.3%, CI 87-97%) compared with conventional imaging (65.4%, CI 32-88%) and comparable results for specificity. Due to the low numbers of studies and patients, meta-analyses on medullary carcinoma did not produce meaningful results.
CONCLUSION
The patient-relevant benefits of PET or PET/CT in thyroid cancer could not be evaluated satisfactorily based on the included studies. It remains unclear whether higher diagnostic test accuracy leads to changes in therapeutic strategies and better patient-relevant outcomes.
PubMed: 29594049
DOI: 10.1159/000481707 -
Translational Andrology and Urology Nov 2021To date, the results of studies into the effectiveness of positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) and bone scan (BS) in the diagnosis...
BACKGROUND
To date, the results of studies into the effectiveness of positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) and bone scan (BS) in the diagnosis of malignant prostate lesions have been inconsistent, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods cannot be accurately judged.
METHODS
Articles were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Wan Fang Medical Network, PubMed, Excerpta Medica data BASE (EMBASE), Medline, and Cochrane database. The keywords used in the search were: Ga-prostate specific membrane antibody (Ga-PSMA), PET/CT, prostate lesions, prostate adenocarcinoma, bone metastasis, and BS.
RESULTS
Ultimately, 3 publications were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A total of 215 patients were considered in the 3 articles that met the inclusion criteria. All of the included articles were small sample studies, with sample sizes ranging from 28 to 113 cases. In this study, from the 3 randomized controlled trials, only 2 (66.67%) randomized controls described the correct randomized allocation method, and only 1 (33.33%) described the hidden allocation scheme in detail. The highest sensitivity for Ga-PSMA PET/CT was 0.96, with 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00, and the highest specificity was 1.00, with 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00. The highest sensitivity and specificity of BS were 0.92 with 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98 and 0.96 with 95% CI: 0.78, 1.00, respectively. The results of meta-analysis of Ga-PSMA PET/CT diagnosis with confirmation by surgical and histopathological examination showed that the area under the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve (AUC) =0.826 and standard error (SE) (AUC) =0.0425. The results of meta-analysis of BS diagnosis with confirmation by surgical and histopathological examination showed that the area under the SROC curve (AUC) =0.714 and SE (AUC) =0.0034.
DISCUSSION
The meta-analysis showed that Ga-PSMA PET/CT has clear advantages over BS in the diagnosis of bone metastases of malignant prostate tumors, and could improve the diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases.
PubMed: 34984188
DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-912 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Dec 2021Previous studies on the relationship between positron emission tomography (PET) images and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression have shown contradictory results,...
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies on the relationship between positron emission tomography (PET) images and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression have shown contradictory results, and the objective of this study was to systematically review the role of PET in predicting AAA prognosis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating the correlation between PET imaging results and AAA growth, repair, or rupture.
REVIEW METHODS
Two authors independently performed the study search, data extraction, and quality assessment following a standard method.
RESULTS
Of the 11 studies included in this review, nine used F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging, whereas the remaining two used F-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) PET/CT and F-FDG PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings from the F-FDG PET/CT studies were contradictory. Six studies found no significant association or correlation, and two studies found a significant negative correlation between F-FDG uptake and AAA expansion. Additionally, one study found that the F-FDG uptake was statistically positively related to the expansion rate in a specific AAA subgroup whose AAAs expanded significantly. Two studies suggested that increased F-FDG uptake was significantly associated with AAA repair, while the other studies either found no association between F-FDG uptake and AAA rupture or repair or failed to report the occurrence of clinical events. One PET/CT study that used F-NaF as a tracer showed that an increased tracer uptake was significantly associated with AAA growth and clinical events. Finally, the F-FDG PET/MRI study indicated that F-FDG uptake was not significantly correlated with AAA expansion.
CONCLUSION
A definitive role for F-FDG PET imaging for AAA prognosis awaits further investigation, and new PET tracers such as F-NaF have the potential to be a promising method for predicting AAA clinical outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Male; Molecular Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 34696984
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.08.010 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The role of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is emerging for the assessment of non-oncological... (Review)
Review
The role of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is emerging for the assessment of non-oncological diseases, such as inflammatory and infectious diseases, even if the evidence in the literature is still in its initial phases. We conducted a systematic search of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for studies published before 31 December 2023 reporting infectious and inflammatory disease imaging with FAPI PET/CT. We included twenty-one studies for a total of 1046 patients. The most frequent disease studied was lung interstitial disease, investigated in six studies for a total of 200 patients, followed by bone and joint diseases in two studies and 185 patients, IgG4-related disease in 53 patients, and Crohn's disease in 30 patients. Despite the heterogeneity of studies in terms of study design and technical features, FAPI PET/CT showed a high detection rate and diagnostic role. Moreover, when compared with 2-[F]FDG PET/CT ( = 7 studies), FAPI PET/CT seems to have better diagnostic performances. The presence of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling, typical of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions, may be the underlying mechanism of FAPI uptake.
PubMed: 38931383
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060716 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Mar 2021Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging modality that relies on visualization of molecular targets in tissues, which is nowadays combined with a... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging modality that relies on visualization of molecular targets in tissues, which is nowadays combined with a structural imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and referred to as hybrid PET imaging. This technique allows to image specific immunological targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, quantification of the PET signal enables highly sensitive monitoring of therapeutic effects on the molecular target. PET may also aid in stratification of the immuno-phenotype at baseline in order to develop personalized therapy. In this systematic review we will provide an overview of novel PET tracers, investigated in the context of RA, either pre-clinically, or clinically, that specifically visualize immune cells or stromal cells, as well as other factors and processes that contribute to pathology. The potential of these tracers in RA diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of treatment outcome will be discussed. In addition, novel PET tracers established within the field of oncology that may be of use in RA will also be reviewed in order to expand the future opportunities of PET imaging in RA.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33476822
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102764 -
SAGE Open Medicine 2020In this study, we evaluated the use and the contribution of radiopharmaceuticals to the field of lung neoplasms imaging using positron emission tomography/computed... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we evaluated the use and the contribution of radiopharmaceuticals to the field of lung neoplasms imaging using positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
METHODS
We conducted review of the current literature at PubMed/MEDLINE until February 2020. The search language was English.
RESULTS
The most widely used radiopharmaceuticals are the following:Experimental/pre-clinical approaches: (18)F-Misonidazole (18F-MISO) under clinical development, D(18)F-Fluoro-Methyl-Tyrosine (18F-FMT), 18F-FAMT (L-[3-18F] (18)F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT)), (18)F-Fluoro-Azomycin-Arabinoside (18F-FAZA), (68)Ga-Neomannosylated-Human-Serum-Albumin (68Ga-MSA) (23), (68)Ga-Tetraazacyclododecane (68Ga-DOTA) (as theranostic agent), (11)C-Methionine (11C-MET), 18F-FPDOPA, αβ integrin, Ga-RGD, Cu-DOTA-RGD, F-Alfatide, Folate Radio tracers, and immuno-positron emission tomography radiopharmaceutical agents.Clinically approved procedures/radiopharmaceuticals agents: (18)F-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose (18F-FDG), (18)F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) (bone metastases), and (68)Ga-Tetraazacyclododecane (68Ga-DOTA). The quantitative determination and the change in radiopharmaceutical uptake parameters such as standard uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis, FAZA tumor to muscle ratio, standard uptake value tumor to liver ratio, standard uptake value tumor to spleen ratio, standard uptake value maximum ratio, and the degree of hypoxia have prognostic and predictive (concerning the therapeutic outcome) value. They have been associated with the assessment of overall survival and disease free survival. With the positron emission tomography/computed tomography radiopharmaceuticals, the sensitivity and the specificity of the method have increased.
CONCLUSION
In terms of lung cancer, positron emission tomography/computed tomography may have clinical application and utility (a) in personalizing treatment, (b) as a biomarker for the estimation of overall survival, disease free survival, and (c) apply a cost-effective patient approach because it reveals focuses of the disease, which are not found with the other imaging methods.
PubMed: 33062275
DOI: 10.1177/2050312120961594 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) has become popular for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However,... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Accuracy of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/ Computerized Tomography for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infections.
OBJECTIVE
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) has become popular for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, the diagnostic accuracy for this technique has varied from report to report. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of FDG PET/CT for PJI diagnosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of online academic databases for all studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT for PJI. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.
RESULTS
23 studies, containing data on 1,437 patients, met inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET/CT for diagnosing PJI were 85% (95% CI, 76%, 91%) and 86% (95% CI, 78%, 91%), respectively with an AUC of 0.92. LRP was 6.1 (95% CI, 3.8, 9.7) and LRN was 0.17 (0.11, 0.28), indicating that FDG PET/CT cannot be used for confirmation or exclusion of PJI. There was significant inter-study heterogeneity, but no significant publication bias was noted.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study found that FDG PET/CT has an important role as a diagnostic tool for PJI with high sensitivity and specificity. Further studies exploring its accuracy in different PJI locations remain necessary.
PubMed: 35722526
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.698781 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jul 2018Disclosure of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results to individuals without dementia has become standard practice in secondary prevention trials and also...
BACKGROUND
Disclosure of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results to individuals without dementia has become standard practice in secondary prevention trials and also increasingly occurs in clinical practice. However, this is controversial given the current lack of understanding of the predictive value of a PET result at the individual level and absence of disease-modifying treatments. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the disclosure of amyloid PET in cognitively normal (CN) individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in both research and clinical settings.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search of four scientific databases. Two independent reviewers screened the identified records and selected relevant articles. Included articles presented either empirical data or theoretical data (i.e. arguments in favor or against amyloid status disclosure). Results from the theoretical data were aggregated and presented per theme.
RESULTS
Of the seventeen included studies, eleven reported empirical data and six provided theoretical arguments. There was a large variation in the design of the empirical studies, which were almost exclusively in the context of cognitively normal trial participants, comprising only two prospective cohort studies quantitatively assessing the psychological impact of PET result disclosure which showed a low risk of psychological harm after disclosure. Four studies showed that both professionals and cognitively normal individuals support amyloid PET result disclosure and underlined the need for clear disclosure protocols. From the articles presenting theoretical data, we identified 51 'pro' and 'contra' arguments. Theoretical arguments in favor or against disclosure were quite consistent across population groups and settings. Arguments against disclosure focused on the principle of non-maleficence, whereas its psychological impact and predictive value is unknown. Important arguments in favor of amyloid disclosure are the patients right to know (patient autonomy) and that it enables early future decision making.
DISCUSSION
Before amyloid PET result disclosure in individuals without dementia in a research or clinical setting is ready for widespread application, more research is needed about its psychological impact, and its predictive value at an individual level. Finally, communication materials and strategies to support disclosure of amyloid PET results should be further developed and prospectively evaluated.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Databases, Factual; Disclosure; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 30055660
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0398-3