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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Oct 2017This article is the first installment of highlights of selected articles published during 2016 in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine, an official peer-reviewed journal of... (Review)
Review
This article is the first installment of highlights of selected articles published during 2016 in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine, an official peer-reviewed journal of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. A companion article highlighting selected articles published during 2016 in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, which is the official peer-reviewed journal of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, will also appear in the Annals Nuclear Medicine. This new initiative by the respective journals will continue as an annual endeavor and is anticipated to not only enhance the scientific collaboration between Europe and Japan but also facilitate global partnership in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Periodicals as Topic; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 28752226
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3782-5 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Sep 2022Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. Quantitative CT perfusion (CTP) can... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. Quantitative CT perfusion (CTP) can provide additional diagnostic information compared to the limited accuracy of the current standard, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). This systematic review evaluates CTP for diagnosis, grading, and treatment assessment of PDAC. The secondary goal is to provide an overview of scan protocols and perfusion models used for CTP in PDAC. The search strategy combined synonyms for 'CTP' and 'PDAC.' Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched from January 2000 to December 2020 for studies using CTP to evaluate PDAC. The risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2. 607 abstracts were screened, of which 29 were selected for full-text eligibility. 21 studies were included in the final analysis with a total of 760 patients. All studies comparing PDAC with non-tumorous parenchyma found significant CTP-based differences in blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV). Two studies found significant differences between pathological grades. Two other studies showed that BF could predict neoadjuvant treatment response. A wide variety in kinetic models and acquisition protocol was found among included studies. Quantitative CTP shows a potential benefit in PDAC diagnosis and can serve as a tool for pathological grading and treatment assessment; however, clinical evidence is still limited. To improve clinical use, standardized acquisition and reconstruction parameters are necessary for interchangeability of the perfusion parameters.
Topics: Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Perfusion Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34223961
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03190-w -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jan 2015Cognitive deficits are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Converging lines of evidence suggest that these deficits are associated with impaired long-term... (Review)
Review
Cognitive deficits are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Converging lines of evidence suggest that these deficits are associated with impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). In our systematic review, this hypothesis is evaluated using neuroimaging literature focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The review provides evidence for abnormal dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in antipsychotic-naive/free patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. The review concludes with a model illustrating how these abnormalities could lead to impaired LTP in patients with schizophrenia and consequently cognitive deficits.
Topics: Brain; Cognition Disorders; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Synaptic Transmission; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 25249654
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu132 -
La Radiologia Medica Feb 2023This study aimed to systematically summarize the performance of the machine learning-based radiomics models in the prediction of microsatellite instability (MSI) in... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to systematically summarize the performance of the machine learning-based radiomics models in the prediction of microsatellite instability (MSI) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA) guideline and was registered at the PROSPERO website with an identifier CRD42022295787. Systematic literature searching was conducted in databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to November 10, 2022. Research which applied radiomics analysis on preoperative CT/MRI/PET-CT images for predicting the MSI status in CRC patients with no history of anti-tumor therapies was eligible. The radiomics quality score (RQS) and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) were applied to evaluate the research quality (full score 100%). Twelve studies with 4,320 patients were included. All studies were retrospective, and only four had an external validation cohort. The median incidence of MSI was 19% (range 8-34%). The area under the receiver operator curve of the models ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 (median 0.83) in the external validation cohort. The median sensitivity was 0.76 (range 0.32-1.00), and the median specificity was 0.87 (range 0.69-1.00). The median RQS score was 38% (range 14-50%), and half of the studies showed high risk in patient selection as evaluated by QUADAS-2. In conclusion, while radiomics based on pretreatment imaging modalities had a high performance in the prediction of MSI status in CRC, so far it does not appear to be ready for clinical use due to insufficient methodological quality.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Machine Learning; Microsatellite Instability; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36648615
DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01593-x -
Diseases of the Esophagus : Official... May 2023Radiomics can interpret radiological images with more detail and in less time compared to the human eye. Some challenges in managing esophageal cancer can be addressed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Performance of radiomics-based artificial intelligence systems in the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response and survival in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.
Radiomics can interpret radiological images with more detail and in less time compared to the human eye. Some challenges in managing esophageal cancer can be addressed by incorporating radiomics into image interpretation, treatment planning, and predicting response and survival. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a summary of the evidence of radiomics in esophageal cancer. The systematic review was carried out using Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE databases-articles describing radiomics in esophageal cancer were included. A meta-analysis was also performed; 50 studies were included. For the assessment of treatment response using 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scans, seven studies (443 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 86.5% (81.1-90.6) and 87.1% (78.0-92.8). For the assessment of treatment response using CT scans, five studies (625 patients) were included in the meta-analysis, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% (81.4-90.7) and 76.1% (69.9-81.4). The remaining 37 studies formed the qualitative review, discussing radiomics in diagnosis, radiotherapy planning, and survival prediction. This review explores the wide-ranging possibilities of radiomics in esophageal cancer management. The sensitivities of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and CT scans are comparable, but 18F-FDG PET/CT scans have improved specificity for AI-based prediction of treatment response. Models integrating clinical and radiomic features facilitate diagnosis and survival prediction. More research is required into comparing models and conducting large-scale studies to build a robust evidence base.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Artificial Intelligence; Radiomics; Esophageal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37236811
DOI: 10.1093/dote/doad034 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging Nov 2016Nowadays molecular imaging plays a vital role in achieving a successful targeted and personalized treatment. Hence, the approach of combining two or more medical imaging... (Review)
Review
Nowadays molecular imaging plays a vital role in achieving a successful targeted and personalized treatment. Hence, the approach of combining two or more medical imaging modalities was developed. The objective of this review is to systematically compare recent dual contrast agents in Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and in some cases Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/MRI in terms of some their characteristics, such as tumor uptake, and reticuloendothelial system uptake (especially liver) and their relaxivity rates for early detection of primary cancer tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic and integrated overview of this field. Two reviewers individually directed the systematic review search using PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Two other reviewers directed quality assessment, using the criteria checklist from the CAMARADES (Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies) tool, and differences were resolved by consensus. After reviewing all 49 studies, we concluded that a size range of 20-200 nm can be used for molecular imaging, although it is better to try to achieve as small a size as it is possible. Also, small nanoparticles with a hydrophilic coating and positive charge are suitable as a T contrast agent. According to our selected data, the most successful dual probes in terms of high targeting were with an average size of 40 nm, PEGylated using peptides as a biomarker and radiolabeled with copper 64 and gallium 68. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Probes; Multimodal Imaging; Nanoparticles; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 28102031
DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1719 -
Medicine Aug 2015The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until July 4, 2014, using combinations of the following terms: gadoxetic acid disodium, Gd-EOB-DTPA, multidetector CT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Inclusion criteria were as follows: confirmed diagnosis of primary HCC by histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen; comparative study of MRI using Gd-EOB-DTPA and MDCT for diagnosis of HCC; and studies that provided quantitative outcome data. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 2 methods were compared, and diagnostic accuracy was assessed with alternative-free response receiver-operating characteristic analysis.Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, and a total of 1439 lesions were examined. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 1.5T MRI were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively, for 3.0T MRI were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively, and for MDCT were 0.74 and 0.93, respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio for 1.5T and 3.0T MRI was 242.96, respectively, and that of MDCT was 33.47. To summarize, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI (1.5T and 3.0T) has better diagnostic accuracy for HCC than MDCT.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26266348
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001157 -
The British Journal of Radiology Nov 2019Spine metastatic disease is an increasingly common occurrence in cancer patients due to improved patient survival. Close proximity of the bony spinal column to the...
Spine metastatic disease is an increasingly common occurrence in cancer patients due to improved patient survival. Close proximity of the bony spinal column to the spinal cord limits many conventional treatments for metastatic disease. In the past decade, we have witnessed dramatic advancements in therapies, with improvements in surgical techniques and recent adoption of spine stereotactic radiotherapy techniques leading to improved patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary approaches to patient evaluation, treatment and follow-up are essential. Imaging plays an ever increasing role in disease detection, pre-treatment planning and assessment of patient outcomes. It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with imaging algorithms, best practices for surgery and/or radiotherapy and imaging findings in the post-treatment period that may indicate disease recurrence. In this review, we present a multidisciplinary discussion of spine metastases, with specific focus on pre-treatment imaging, planning, current treatment approaches, and post-treatment assessment.
Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immobilization; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Patient Care Planning; Perfusion Imaging; Postoperative Care; Radiosurgery; Spinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31322920
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190211 -
Arthritis Care & Research Aug 2018Shoulder symptoms are common, and imaging is being increasingly used to help with management. However, the relationship between imaging and symptoms remains unclear....
OBJECTIVE
Shoulder symptoms are common, and imaging is being increasingly used to help with management. However, the relationship between imaging and symptoms remains unclear. This review aims to understand the relationship between imaging-detected pathologies, symptoms, and their persistence.
METHODS
A systematic review using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and grey literature was conducted to April 2017. The cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between imaging-detected abnormalities and symptoms were analyzed and associations qualitatively characterized by a best-evidence synthesis based on study design, covariate adjustment, and the Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Modalities included ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiographs, positron emission tomography (PET), bone scintigraphy, and computed tomography.
RESULTS
A total of 6,569 abstracts was screened and 56 articles were included. In total, 50 studies did not adjust for covariates and 36 analyzed individual pathologies only. The majority of studies showed conflicting results. There was no significant association between most imaging features and symptoms among high-quality, cross-sectional studies. There was low-quality evidence that enhancement of the joint capsule on MRI and increased uptake on PET were associated with symptoms in adhesive capsulitis. Based on high-quality longitudinal studies, enlarging rotator cuff tears were associated with an increased incidence of symptoms.
CONCLUSION
There were conflicting results on the association of imaging features with shoulder symptoms and their persistence. The existing evidence was very low in quality, based on the GRADE methodology. Further high-quality studies are required to understand the relationship between imaging and shoulder symptoms and to determine the appropriate role of imaging in care pathways.
Topics: Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shoulder Joint; Shoulder Pain; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 29513925
DOI: 10.1002/acr.23554 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y, Y, Y and Y). Moreover, these... (Review)
Review
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y, Y, Y and Y). Moreover, these receptors are correlated with the pathophysiology of several diseases such as feeding disorders, anxiety, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, some types of cancers and others. In order to deepen the knowledge of NPY receptors' functions and molecular mechanisms, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have been used. The development of new radiotracers for the different NPY receptors and their subsequent PET studies have led to significant insights into molecular mechanisms involving NPY receptors. This article provides a systematic review of the imaging biomarkers that have been developed as PET tracers in order to study the NPY receptor family.
Topics: Neuropeptide Y; Positron-Emission Tomography; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y
PubMed: 35744852
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123726