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Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2020To evaluate the methods of the dental shade selection and provide a summary of different factors affecting the shade selection. (Review)
Review
AIM
To evaluate the methods of the dental shade selection and provide a summary of different factors affecting the shade selection.
DESIGN AND SETTING
The systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The electronic search of the peer-review articles between 2002 and 2018 was carried out the by using the PRISMA guidelines. A total twenty-one studies related to the visual shade methods, instrumental shade methods, and the factors affecting the shade selections was evaluated. The search strategy was based on the PICOS framework.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
There was statistically significant heterogeneity (Q = 1038.1518, df = 20, and < 0.0001). The statistics of fixed-effect model reported an MD of - 0.0970 (95% CI = -0.1391, -0.0549). The random-effect model reported an MD of - 0.0862 (95% CI = -0.5866, 0.4142).
RESULT
The review evaluated the 21 studies of tooth colour science that met with the inclusion criteria and search criteria. The meta-analysis of the 21 combined studies reported acceptable homogeneity (i = 98%) which indicates a statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups.
CONCLUSION
The VES spectrophotometer reported the highest accuracy, reliability, and repeatability in shade selection followed by photo colorimetric method. The Vita 3D master shows more consistent results in repetitive shade selection. Knowledge and training of the shade selection protocol are necessary for proper shade matching.
PubMed: 32655217
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_399_19 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2017Color matching to the surrounding skin is extremely important in patients wearing maxillofacial prostheses. It is of utmost importance to know the different techniques... (Review)
Review
Color matching to the surrounding skin is extremely important in patients wearing maxillofacial prostheses. It is of utmost importance to know the different techniques of color matching and coloring in maxillofacial prostheses. The purpose of this study is to review the literature data with regard to color matching in maxillofacial prosthetics. An electronic search of peer review restricted to English language dental literature was conducted to identify the relevant scientific article on color matching and coloring in maxillofacial prostheses. The publication year was up to December 2015 so that the search could include all the articles provided in that particular database. Two independent observers independently read the abstracts and later preselected full-text articles. A full-text review was carried out only for 15 articles. Out of the 15 articles, 7 were related to coloring using tinting, spraying, milling, and use of commercial cosmetics. Three studies were related to shade matching in maxillofacial prostheses. Two studies conducted the measurement of color in maxillofacial prostheses. Only one study had explained color and its relevance in maxillofacial prosthetics. Only one study was done for reproducing silicone shade guide matching Indian skin color. In addition, a single pilot study was done to measure facial skin and lip color in a human population sample stratified by race, gender, and age. Currently, there is no evidence discussing the best technique available for perfectly matching the color for the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses. However, the latest instruments such as spectrophotometer and colorimeters are believed to have improved efficiency in matching the color.
PubMed: 28216838
DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.197935 -
Dentistry Journal Oct 2023The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in... (Review)
Review
The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in restorative procedures. Although conventional methods are prevalent, challenges such as shade guide variability and subjective interpretation necessitate a re-evaluation in the face of emerging non-proximity digital instruments. This systematic review employs PRISMA protocols and keyword-based search strategies spanning the Scopus, PubMed.gov, and Web of Science databases, with the last updated search carried out in October 2023. The study aimed to synthesise literature that identified digital non-proximity recording instruments and associated colour spaces in dentistry and compare the clinical outcomes of digital systems with spectrophotometers and conventional visual methods. Utilising predefined criteria and resolving disagreements between two reviewers through Cohen's kappa calculator, the review assessed 85 articles, with 33 included in a PICO model for clinical comparisons. The results reveal that 42% of studies employed the CIELAB colour space. Despite the challenges in study quality, non-proximity digital instruments demonstrated more consistent clinical outcomes than visual methods, akin to spectrophotometers, emphasising their efficacy in controlled conditions. The review underscores the evolving landscape of dental shade matching, recognising technological advancements and advocating for methodological rigor in dental research.
PubMed: 37999014
DOI: 10.3390/dj11110250 -
Systematic Reviews Jun 2023Shade determination is a critical step for the fabrication of a satisfactory restoration. Visual shade selection with conventional shade guides is subjective and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Shade determination is a critical step for the fabrication of a satisfactory restoration. Visual shade selection with conventional shade guides is subjective and influenced by variables related to light, observer, and object. Shade selection devices have been introduced to provide subjective and quantitative shade values. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the color difference for shade selection with visual and instrumental methods.
METHODS
An initial search was conducted on databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) in addition to a manual search through references of identified articles. Studies comparing the accuracy of visual and instrumental shade selection based on ΔΕ were included in data synthesis. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect size for global and subgroup meta-analysis using the inverse variance weighted method and random-effects model (P ˂ 0.05). Results were presented as forest plots.
RESULTS
The authors identified 1776 articles from the initial search. Seven in vivo studies were included in the qualitative analysis of which six studies were included in the meta-analysis. For the global meta-analysis, the pooled mean (95% CI) was - 1.10 (- 1.92, - 0.27). Test for overall effect showed that instrumental methods were significantly more accurate than visual methods with significantly less ΔΕ (P = 0.009). Test for subgroup difference showed that the type of instrumental shade selection method used had a significant effect on accuracy (P ˂ 0.001). Instrumental methods including spectrophotometer, digital camera, and smartphone showed significantly better accuracy compared with visual shade selection (P ˂ 0.05). The greatest mean difference was found between the smartphone and visual method with a mean (95% CI) of - 2.98 (- 3.37, - 2.59) with P ˂ 0.001 followed by digital camera and spectrophotometer. There was no significant difference in accuracy between IOS and visual shade selection (P = 1.00).
CONCLUSIONS
Instrumental shade selection with a spectrophotometer, digital camera, and smartphone showed significantly better shade matching compared with a conventional shade guide, whereas IOS did not improve the shade matching significantly compared with shade guides.
REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022356545.
Topics: Humans; Color Perception; Prosthesis Coloring; Color; Spectrophotometry; Research Design
PubMed: 37291652
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02263-9 -
Cureus Aug 2023Color matching of maxillofacial prostheses for the restoration of maxillofacial defects is an important factor for esthetic results. Various methods have been introduced... (Review)
Review
Color matching of maxillofacial prostheses for the restoration of maxillofacial defects is an important factor for esthetic results. Various methods have been introduced for the accurate and reliable color matching of prostheses with the skin color of patients. A systematic review was conducted to search the existing literature on color-matching digital techniques for maxillofacial prostheses. An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2000 to December 2022 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted the search. Eight articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria after a full-text evaluation were included in this review. Most of these studies were published in prosthodontics journals and conducted in various countries around the world. A computerized color formulation system was used in three studies; a non-contact spectroradiometer (PR 705; Photo Research Inc., Chatsworth, CA) with a Xenon arc lamp was used in two studies; a mobile phone colorimeter was used in one study; additive manufacturing of 3D facial skin with a spectrophotometer was used in one study; and a recently introduced computerized method known as e-skin (Spectromatch, Bath, UK) was used in two studies. Most of these methods were accurate in color matching, except for the additive manufacturing system, which showed less accuracy, but good repeatability. Owing to a lack of sufficient studies, no method can be labeled as the best method for color-matching maxillofacial prostheses. The latest computerized method, the e-skin, can be used to achieve better accuracy and good color matching. However, further studies are required to validate the use of e-skin for precise color matching.
PubMed: 37746366
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43886 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Since color matching is considered a subjective procedure, accurate shade choice is often the most challenging stage of recreating the natural appearance of teeth.... (Review)
Review
Since color matching is considered a subjective procedure, accurate shade choice is often the most challenging stage of recreating the natural appearance of teeth. Furthermore, accurate determination of tooth color is imperative for the final outcome of dental restorations. The purpose of this research is to assess the accuracy of color match between diverse shade selection methods throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two independent investigators (L.H. and R.B.) screened the literature in five electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials or in vitro papers studying the effect of using either digital shade selection or visual shade selection on the accuracy of color match were included. A total of 13 manuscripts comprised the meta-analysis. Color difference (ΔE) between restorations where the shade matching was performed by the conventional method was greater than those where the shade matching was performed by computerized methods ( = 0.007). According to the subgroup analysis, only the use of digital photographs for shade matching showed a reduction in the (ΔE) ( < 0.0001), while the use of a spectrophotometer has no advantages over the use of visual shade guide tabs ( = 0.57). On the other hand, global analysis showed that incorrect shade matching was higher when the conventional method using shade guide tabs was used ( < 0.001), irrespective of whether a spectrophotometer or a digital camera was used ( < 0.001). This study concluded that the use of digital photography and spectrophotometric measurements led to fewer color differences and less incorrect shade matching than conventional methods using color shade tabs.
PubMed: 35057185
DOI: 10.3390/ma15020468 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2020Carotenoids are a category of health-promoting phytonutrients that are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have been used as a biomarker to approximate...
Carotenoids are a category of health-promoting phytonutrients that are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have been used as a biomarker to approximate dietary fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake. Carotenoids are consumed, metabolized, and deposited in blood, skin, and other tissues. Emerging evidence suggests spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement is a noninvasive method to approximate F/V intake. Spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement overcomes bias and error inherent in self-reported dietary recall methods, and the challenges in obtaining, storing, and processing invasive blood samples. The objective of this systematic review was to examine criterion-related validity of spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement as a proxy for F/V intake. The 3 methods examined were resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS), and spectrophotometers. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was performed in December 2018, yielding 7931 citations. Studies that examined associations between spectroscopy, blood carotenoids, and/or dietary intake were identified and reviewed independently by ≥2 reviewers to determine eligibility for inclusion. Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and all 29 studies found significant correlations or associations between spectroscopy-based skin carotenoids and plasma or serum carotenoids and/or dietary F/V intake. A majority of the studies evaluated carotenoid concentration in adults; however, 4 studies were conducted in infants and 6 studies evaluated children. Twenty studies specified the racial/ethnic groups from which the samples were drawn, with 6 including ≥20% of the sample from a minority, nonwhite population. The findings of this systematic review support the use of spectroscopy for estimating F/V intake in diverse human populations, although additional validation is needed, particularly among racially/ethnically diverse populations and populations of varying ages.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carotenoids; Child; Diet; Fruit; Humans; Skin; Vegetables
PubMed: 32407509
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa054 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Feb 2024No systematic review or meta-analysis has been identified that provides a clinician's perspective on the shade selection process for ceramic restorations. The aim of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
No systematic review or meta-analysis has been identified that provides a clinician's perspective on the shade selection process for ceramic restorations. The aim of the present systematic review is to find and systematize the available knowledge by referring to the methods to assess the color of dental ceramics.
METHODS
The final search was performed on 10 December 2023 in six search engines. The keywords used in the search strategy were as follows: ("color matching" OR "shade matching" OR "color measurement" AND "porcelain" OR "dental ceramics") AND "dentistry" AND "accuracy".
RESULTS
The search strategy identified 139 potential articles. After the screening process, sixteen articles were included in the review.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the most common method, the visual method, has lower accuracy and repeatability. Devices like spectrophotometers and colorimeters provide precise, repeatable, and objective measurements, but fail to be widely applied in everyday clinical practice. Clinicians should not rely solely on their senses for shade determination, but should turn to quantitative methods. Colorimetric devices connected to mobile applications are an interesting and useful tool. Software and apps based on artificial intelligence are emerging as promising tools, but they require further research.
PubMed: 38540994
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030252 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2020The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous enzymatic network which plays important roles in biological life. It consists of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), and...
The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous enzymatic network which plays important roles in biological life. It consists of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), and reduced glutathione (GSH), which perform an essential metabolic function in cells by detoxifying methylglyoxal (MG) and other endogenous harmful metabolites into non-toxic d-lactate. MG and MG-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are associated with various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, and GLO1 is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the anti-glycation defense. The abnormal activity and expression of GLO1 in various diseases make this enzyme a promising target for drug design and development. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of GLO1 in diverse pathogenic conditions with a thorough discussion of GLO1 regulators since their discovery, including GLO1 activators and inhibitors. The different classes, chemical structure and structure-activity relationship are embraced. Moreover, assays for the discovery of small molecule regulators of the glyoxalase system are also introduced in this article. Compared with spectrophotometer-based assay, microplate-based assay is a more simple, rapid and quantitative high-throughput method. This review will be useful to design novel and potent GLO1 regulators and hopefully provide a convenient reference for researchers.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycosylation; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Neoplasms; Pyruvaldehyde
PubMed: 32858501
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110663 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Dec 2023Searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published until 28th March 2022.
DATA SOURCES
Searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published until 28th March 2022.
STUDY SELECTION
In vitro studies assessing colour stability of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS), tobacco heating systems (THS) or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were considered. Included studies used a spectrophotometer or colorimeter for assessment of discolouration and measured discolouration using CIELAB or CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas. Literature not published in English was excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Data was extracted from thirteen studies which met the inclusion criteria. A data collection form was used to collate the extracted information on sample shape, sample diameter, sample thickness, time elapsed before smoke exposure, smoke exposure protocol, colour measurement device, sample finishing method, brushing simulation and whether exposure was to CS, THS or ENDS.
RESULTS
All 13 included studies analysed CS, four studies analysed ENDS and two studies analysed THS. A high level of variability was identified between the studies in relation to smoke exposure protocol. CS caused the highest level of discolouration of RBCs.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review of in vitro studies found CS caused irreversible RBC discolouration. ENDS and THS caused less colour change, which could be reversed with repolishing or bleaching procedures, although evidence was limited. Further research is required to consider the long-term effect of CS, ENDS and THS on discolouration of RBCs.
Topics: Humans; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Research Design; Smoking
PubMed: 37993688
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00955-8