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Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2018To evaluate outcomes of anophthalmic sockets in retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in Singapore.
PURPOSE
To evaluate outcomes of anophthalmic sockets in retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in Singapore.
DESIGN
A retrospective study.
METHODS
Patients who underwent enucleation as sole/part of treatment for retinoblastoma were reviewed at our center from 2005-2017. Details including demographics, grouping and staging, adjuvant therapy, surgery, implant, and complications were collected.
RESULTS
Of 42 patients with retinoblastoma managed over the period, the anophthalmic sockets of 31 patients who underwent enucleation were analyzed. Mean age at enucleation was 2 years. Twenty-three enucleations were performed at our institution and 8 enucleations had been performed elsewhere. Seventeen patients (52%) had porous polypropylene, 9 patients (27%) had polymethylmethacrylate, 1 patient (3%) had glass implant, and 3 (9%) had dermis fat graft. The sizes of implants varied from 10 to 20 mm. Twelve patients had attempts at globe salvation before enucleation. Out of 28 patients with primary orbital implants, 3 had implant exposure. The rates of repeat surgery among patients with and without primary implant were 66.67% (2 out of 3) and 10.7% (3 out of 28), respectively. One patient had postenucleation socket syndrome with stock eye. Five patients referred for enucleation were conservatively managed.
CONCLUSIONS
Anophthalmic sockets in retinoblastoma have long-term implications if the primary procedure is not performed well. While the majority had good outcomes (structural and esthetic), a minority had complications requiring intervention. Ophthalmologists managing retinoblastoma must be aware of these. Primary implant had favorable outcome with minimal complications.
Topics: Anophthalmos; Child; Child, Preschool; Eye Enucleation; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Orbital Implants; Polyethylene; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Implantation; Reoperation; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30074308
DOI: 10.22608/APO.201892 -
The Chicago Medical Journal Mar 1869
PubMed: 37412452
DOI: No ID Found -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2020We here report the case of a 12-month old infant with congenital polymalformation including right temporal meningocele and homolateral eyeball aplasia. Brain CT scan...
We here report the case of a 12-month old infant with congenital polymalformation including right temporal meningocele and homolateral eyeball aplasia. Brain CT scan confirmed this malformation with bone defect in the right temporal lobe, meningeal hernia containing cerebrospinal fluid and absence of the right eyeball. Surgery was performed to treat meningocele. Patient's outcome was favorable. The purpose of this study was to highlight the rarity of this disease on the basis of a literature review.
Topics: Anophthalmos; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningocele; Temporal Lobe; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32983326
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.8.24930 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2017The lens has been considered to be an immune privileged site not susceptible to the immune processes normally associated with tissue injury and wound repair. However, as...
The lens has been considered to be an immune privileged site not susceptible to the immune processes normally associated with tissue injury and wound repair. However, as greater insight into the immune surveillance process is gained, we have reevaluated the concept of immune privilege. Our studies using an N-cadherin lens-specific conditional knockout mouse, N-cad, show that loss of this cell-cell junctional protein leads to lens degeneration, necrosis and fibrotic change, postnatally. The degeneration of this tissue induces an immune response resulting in immune cells populating the lens that contribute to the development of fibrosis. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lens is connected to the lymphatic system, with LYVE(+) labeling reaching the lens along the suspensory ligaments that connect the lens to the ciliary body, providing a potential mechanism for the immune circulation. Importantly, we observe that degeneration of the lens activates an immune response throughout the eye, including cornea, vitreous humor, and retina, suggesting a coordinated protective response in the visual system to defects of a component tissue. These studies demonstrate that lens degeneration induces an immune response that can contribute to the fibrosis that often accompanies lens dysgenesis, a consideration for understanding organ system response to injury.
Topics: Animals; Anophthalmos; Cadherins; Eye; Immunologic Surveillance; Lymphatic Vessels; Mice; Microphthalmos
PubMed: 29176738
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16456-5 -
Comparative Medicine May 2019Circadian rhythm is usually regulated by the environmental light-dark cycle. Congenitally anophthalmic miniature pigs provide a valuable model for the study of factors...
Circadian rhythm is usually regulated by the environmental light-dark cycle. Congenitally anophthalmic miniature pigs provide a valuable model for the study of factors affecting circadian rhythms in the absence of visual exposure to the light-dark cycle. This study investigated the growth and daily behavior patterns of Lee-Sung pigs with congenital anophthalmia. Growth in 5 Lee-Sung pigs (LSP) with congenital anophthalmia (LSP-A) and 10 normally developed pigs (LSP-N) was assessed when they were 1 through 6 mo old. Behavioral studies using digital video recording were completed in 6 sexually mature LSP (3 LSP-A and 3 LSP-N). MRI showed that LSP-A lose their vision because of a lack of retinal input and optic chiasm development. LSP-N and LSP-A did not differ in body weight or size at 2, 4, and 6 mo of age. Behavior and activity pattern studies showed that both LSP-A and LSP-N were active mainly during daylight, but LSP-A spent significantly more time exploring their environment during the day (28%) and night (10%) than did LSP-N. This study revealed that growth performance was similar between LSP-A and normal pigs, but their behavior and activity patterns differed. LSP-A showed circadian rhythm abnormalities similar to those in blind humans. This study provides basic data on LSP-A as a model for studying compensatory cross-modal brain plasticity and hormone regulation in the absence of retinal input is deficient and for understanding the role of circadian rhythm regulation.
Topics: Animals; Anophthalmos; Behavior, Animal; Blindness; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Motor Activity; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve; Swine; Swine Diseases; Swine, Miniature
PubMed: 31171049
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-18-000095 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 1993
Topics: Anophthalmos; Benomyl; Cluster Analysis; England; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Prevalence; Wales
PubMed: 8374411
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.307.6900.340 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 1999A 13-month-old boy and a 2-week-old girl, who were considered to be anophthalmic and who later each developed a cystic lesion in the left orbit with protrusion of the... (Review)
Review
A 13-month-old boy and a 2-week-old girl, who were considered to be anophthalmic and who later each developed a cystic lesion in the left orbit with protrusion of the lower eyelid, were studied. The fellow eye in case 1 was subsequently found to be microphthalmic with cyst and was normal in case 2. Histopathologic study of each case revealed a cyst lined externally by dense fibrous connective tissue to which skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were attached. The inner aspect of the cyst was lined by neuroglial tissue, possible immature retinal tissue, and cuboidal epithelium. No fully developed ocular structures or microphthalmos were identified. Fourteen cases of congenital cystic eye, including our cases, have been published in the English-language literature since 1964. We discuss and illustrate the findings in our cases and 10 others in which histopathologic findings were reported. Congenital cystic eye, microphthalmos with cyst, and microphthalmos with cystic teratoma should be suspected in patients with a small or unrecognizable eye and an orbital cystic mass that is detected by palpation or visualization.
Topics: Anophthalmos; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Karyotyping; Male; Microphthalmos; Orbital Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 10541156
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00084-3 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Oct 2018Anophthalmia is congenital absence of the eyes; it may be unilateral or bilateral. Though rare, it occurs worldwide. It usually occurs in association with other systemic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Anophthalmia is congenital absence of the eyes; it may be unilateral or bilateral. Though rare, it occurs worldwide. It usually occurs in association with other systemic malformations.
CASE REPORT
Therefore, the case of a female child delivered in University Clinic Center Tuzla is presented here with bilateral anophthalmia. The diagnosis was confirmed with an ocular computer tomography (CT) scan that showed under development of both globes within the orbit with a conclusion of bilateral anophthalmia. No other anomalies were found.
CONCLUSION
This is unique case in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as according to the literature this is the first case of anophthalmia presented in this region. Currently two years ago she is followed both in ophthalmic and pediatric clinic at University Clinical Center in Tuzla.
Topics: Anophthalmos; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 30515001
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.300-302 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Jun 2005Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized among other things by oligo-amenorrhea and may account for more than 75% of cases with anoluvatory infertility. Due to its... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized among other things by oligo-amenorrhea and may account for more than 75% of cases with anoluvatory infertility. Due to its positive effects on polycystic ovary syndrome-induced infertility metformin has become one of the most common drugs used in this group of patients. The efficacy of the drug as well as the first reports on metformin used in pregnancy has encouraged the continued use of the drug after conception. This MiniReview reviews the current pros and cons of metformin use in pregnancy while awaiting the results of ongoing randomised, controlled clinical trials addressing the subject.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Anencephaly; Animals; Anophthalmos; Blastocyst; Female; Fertility; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 15910403
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_02.x -
Eye (London, England) Jul 2021Following removal of the eye, soft tissue changes of the eyelids and orbit may develop into an anophthalmic socket (AS) syndrome, which is often attributed to orbital...
BACKGROUND
Following removal of the eye, soft tissue changes of the eyelids and orbit may develop into an anophthalmic socket (AS) syndrome, which is often attributed to orbital volume deficiency. While adequate primary orbital volume replacement is nowadays standard of care, patients may still present with facial asymmetry. The aim of this study is to provide insights into these changes and their impact on patient quality of life (QoL).
METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 59 patients with longstanding ocular prosthetic wear after enucleation or evisceration surgery. The alignment, function, and laxity of the eyelids of the anophthalmic side were compared to those of the fellow side. The QoL was assessed with a 4-item questionnaire specific for the prosthetic condition. The different aspects of AS syndrome were analysed in relation to disease-specific and prosthetic data and to the patient QoL scores.
RESULTS
Clinical AS syndrome was prevalent in 53% of patients with acquired anophthalmia. The anophthalmic side was statistically significantly different from the fellow side for the known AS syndrome features such as superior sulcus depression, margin reflex distance 1, and enophthalmia, but also for new features such as levator muscle function and lagophthalmia (P < 0.05). The difference was correlated with duration of prosthetic wear, prior orbital radiotherapy, and size of the prosthesis (P < 0.05). QoL scores were not correlated to the separate features of AS syndrome, except for a positive correlation between wearing comfort of the prosthesis and upper eyelid ptosis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Patients with an ocular prosthesis show a relatively high prevalence of one or more distinct clinical features of AS syndrome, which do not negatively affect patient QoL. These findings underscore the importance to tailor prosthetic and surgical treatment to the patient's perceived QoL rather than to the objective clinical findings.
Topics: Anophthalmos; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye Enucleation; Eye, Artificial; Humans; Orbit; Orbital Implants; Prevalence; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32929179
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01178-2