Did you mean: burkitt s lymphoma
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The Oncologist Apr 2006Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive lymphoma identified and described in the last century by Denis Burkitt in Africa, in areas endemic for malaria. Since its... (Review)
Review
Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive lymphoma identified and described in the last century by Denis Burkitt in Africa, in areas endemic for malaria. Since its description in African children, it has been recognized outside areas with endemic malaria, frequently also in children as well as among individuals with an underlying immunodeficiency. Since its initial designation as Burkitt's lymphoma, this type of lymphoma and lymphomas closely resembling it have received a variety of names in different classifications of lymphomas and leukemias: undifferentiated lymphoma, Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's type in the modified Rappaport Classification, malignant lymphoma, small non-cleaved cell, Burkitt's type in the Working Formulation, Burkitt's lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like in the REAL Classification, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, L3 type in the FAB Classification. With the publication of the WHO Classification of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tumors, the nomenclature of this lymphoma has come full circle, and it is once again known simply as Burkitt's lymphoma. In recent years, efforts have focused on improving therapy for this rapidly proliferating neoplasm while minimizing, to the extent possible, treatment-associated toxicity. These efforts have led to the development of high-intensity, short-duration combination chemotherapy that has proven extremely effective for a high proportion of Burkitt's lymphoma patients. The differential diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma is broad, and precise diagnosis based on histologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features remains the critical first step in planning appropriate therapy.
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 16614233
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-4-375 -
Blood Sep 2022High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), not otherwise specified (NOS), is a recently introduced diagnostic category for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. It includes tumors with... (Review)
Review
High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), not otherwise specified (NOS), is a recently introduced diagnostic category for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. It includes tumors with Burkitt-like or blastoid morphology that do not have double-hit cytogenetics and that cannot be classified as other well-defined lymphoma subtypes. HBCLs, NOS, are rare and heterogeneous; most have germinal center B-cell phenotype, and up to 45% carry a single-hit MYC rearrangement, but otherwise, they have no unifying immunophenotypic or cytogenetic characteristics. Recent analyses using gene expression profiling (GEP) revealed that up to 15% of tumors currently classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma display an HGBL-like GEP signature, indicating a potential to significantly expand the HGBL category using more objective molecular criteria. Optimal treatment of HGBL, NOS, is poorly defined because of its rarity and inconsistent diagnostic patterns. A minority of patients have early-stage disease, which can be managed with standard R-CHOP-based approaches with or without radiation therapy. For advanced-stage HGBL, NOS, which often presents with aggressive disseminated disease, high lactate dehydrogenase, and involvement of extranodal organs (including the central nervous system [CNS]), intensified Burkitt lymphoma-like regimens with CNS prophylaxis may be appropriate. However, many patients diagnosed at age >60 years are not eligible for intensive immunochemotherapy. An improved GEP- and/or genomic-based pathologic classification that could facilitate HGBL-specific trials is needed to improve outcomes for all patients. In this review, we discuss the current clinicopathologic concept of HGBL, NOS, and existing data on its prognosis and treatment and delineate potential future taxonomy enrichments based on emerging molecular diagnostics.
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; Germinal Center; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
PubMed: 34525177
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008374 -
Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.) 2020Despite widely available antiretroviral therapy, lymphoma remains the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in economically... (Review)
Review
Despite widely available antiretroviral therapy, lymphoma remains the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in economically developed countries. Even a few months of drug interruptions can lead to drops in the CD4 cell count, HIV viremia, and an increased risk of lymphoma. Currently, good HIV control facilitates intensive therapies appropriate to the lymphoma, including autologous and even allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nonetheless, HIV-related lymphomas have unique aspects, including pathogenetic differences driven by the presence of HIV and often coinfection with oncogenic viruses. Future therapies might exploit these differences. Lymphoma subtypes also differ in the HIV-infected population, and the disease has a higher propensity for advanced-stage, aggressive presentation and extranodal disease. Other unique aspects include the need to avoid potential interactions between antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapeutic agents and the need for HIV-specific supportive care such as infection prophylaxis. Overall, the care of these patients has progressed sufficiently that recent guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology advocate the inclusion of HIV-infected patients alongside HIV-negative patients in cancer clinical trials when appropriate. This article examines HIV lymphoma and includes Burkitt lymphoma in the general population.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Burkitt Lymphoma; Clinical Trials as Topic; HIV; HIV Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Progression-Free Survival; Survival Rate; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 32496459
DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000448 -
Hematology. American Society of... Nov 2018The growing body of genomic information collected and applied to mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma diagnosis and management has exploded over the last few years due to... (Review)
Review
The growing body of genomic information collected and applied to mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma diagnosis and management has exploded over the last few years due to improved technologies with high-throughput capacity, suitable for use on routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies, and decreasing costs. These techniques have made evaluation of complete DNA sequences, RNA-expression patterns, translocations, copy-number alterations, loss of heterozygosity, and DNA-methylation patterns possible on a genome-wide level. This chapter will present a case of aggressive B-cell lymphoma and discuss the most important genomic abnormalities that characterize this group of entities in the recent update to the fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification system. Genomic abnormalities discussed will include those necessary for certain diagnoses such as translocations of , , or ; gene-expression-profiling categorization; the newly defined Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q abnormalities; prognostic and predictive mutations, as well as tumor heterogeneity. Finally, our current practices for clinical triage of specimens with a potential diagnosis of aggressive B-cell lymphomas are also described. Options for treatment at relapse, in light of these genomic features, will be discussed in the third presentation from this session.
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; DNA Methylation; DNA, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation; Genomics; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 30504293
DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.69 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2023Primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a very rare and aggressive malignancy. We report an 18-year-old female patient who presented with a large, tender abdomen, and...
Primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a very rare and aggressive malignancy. We report an 18-year-old female patient who presented with a large, tender abdomen, and highly de-ranged renal and liver functions. Ultrasonography showed hepatosplenomegaly, mild ascites, dilated biliary channels and a heterogeneous pelvic mass of size ~15106.4 cm. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the biopsy sample excised from the left ovary demonstrated reactivity for CD20 and CD10, and negativity for CD3, Bcl-2 and TdT. The C-myc translocation was positive in 60% of tumour cells. Moreover, the proliferation index was ~90%. These features were consistent with BL. After haemodialysis, the patient was planned for multiagent chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone. This case supports the hypothesis that primary ovarian BL is an aggressive malignancy that appears to respond promisingly to multi-agent chemotherapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Burkitt Lymphoma; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cyclophosphamide; Vincristine; Prednisone; Doxorubicin
PubMed: 38406915
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-S4-12410 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2023To describe a series of paediatric orbital lymphoma patients in a single tertiary referral centre. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To describe a series of paediatric orbital lymphoma patients in a single tertiary referral centre.
METHODS
A retrospective case-note search in the Oxford Eye Hospital of all patients under the age of 18 years with orbital lymphoma between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, and a literature review was conducted.
RESULTS
Five patients were identified with orbital lymphoma, mean age 48.2 ± 36 months (1-109 months), three were males. Clinical presentation included: ptosis, proptosis, lethargy, visual loss, and strabismus. Two patients had bilateral orbital disease and one patient was diagnosed within the first month of life. The tissue diagnosis revealed four cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and one case of T- lymphoblastic lymphoma. Central nervous system (CNS) sampling was also positive in the four cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. All patients were treated systemically for the lymphoma with chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved in all cases post chemotherapy. Follow-up of 36.4 ± 18.9 months (10-61 months).
CONCLUSION
This is the largest published case series of paediatric orbital lymphoma. We described a patient diagnosed within the first month of life and we believe this to have developed intra-uterine. In this series, patients were younger, had more bilateral disease and had better outcome than previously described. This rare condition should be considered in any child with an orbital mass, at any age. When managed appropriately, good outcomes can be achieved.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Female; Burkitt Lymphoma; Retrospective Studies; Lymphoma; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 36171296
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02266-1 -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2012Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia is the most common (40%) form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in children and adolescents. The prognosis of advanced (disseminated)... (Review)
Review
Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia is the most common (40%) form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in children and adolescents. The prognosis of advanced (disseminated) Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia in children and adolescents three decades ago had a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of <40%, and required combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy over a 1-2 year period. Currently, the prognosis for the same advanced stage has a 5-year EFS of 85-90% with <6 months of chemotherapy only. Radiation therapy has been eliminated for children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia except in emergencies, such as superior vena cava syndrome and acute neurological impairment or in patients with relapse/progression. Current risk factors in the prognosis of childhood and adolescent Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia include: lactate dehydrogenase level ≥ 2× the upper normal limit at diagnosis, bone marrow and central nervous system involvement, poor response to cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone reduction therapy and poor risk cytogenetics. New and novel therapeutic approaches include monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20) therapy, targeted cellular immune therapy and small molecule inhibitors. Future strategies should include improved staging and risk classification, reduction of cytotoxic chemotherapy, the investigation of targeted therapy, an increased understanding of the underlying biology of Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia, strategies for prevention and approaches to reduce acute and chronic toxicities.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Burkitt Lymphoma; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Diagnosis, Differential; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Neoplasm, Residual; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Tumor Lysis Syndrome
PubMed: 22260323
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.09024.x -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2012
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 22316386
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09055.x -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2012The diagnosis of Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and B-cell lymphomas unclassifiable with features intermediate between Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and BL (BLU) in adults... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and B-cell lymphomas unclassifiable with features intermediate between Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and BL (BLU) in adults remains problematic even with immunophenotyping and MYC gene analysis. Gene expression profiling may improve categorization but is not routinely available. BL and its variants should be treated with specific regimens incorporating intensive courses of chemotherapy with fractionated alkylating agents and cell cycle phase-specific agents that readily cross the blood brain barrier. Subsequent courses should be given as soon as haematological recovery occurs, with the whole course completed within a few months. A number of regimens have been developed that encompass these principles but there have been no comparative randomized trials. The results from several studies suggest that the addition of rituximab is highly efficacious and this may be particularly valuable in older patients. It is usual to employ 'risk-adapted' strategies in the treatment of BL but these must be continually re-evaluated, and 'response-adapted' approaches should be explored. The role of transplantation is limited and largely confined to autologous transplants in patients who only achieve a partial response on front-line therapy or who have a chemosensitive relapse. Further advances will be greatly facilitated by randomized trials, which will require international collaboration.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Burkitt Lymphoma; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 21923642
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08877.x -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2011Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. Three distinct...
BACKGROUND
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. Three distinct clinical forms of BL are recognized: endemic, sporadic, and human immunodeficiency-associated. BL is a rapidly growing neoplasm requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment.
AIM
We described and analyzed our experience with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) diagnosis, treatment and outcome, during ten years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective study; clinical records of all children admitted with BL between 1st January 1998 and 31st December 2008 were analyzed. The following data were collected: age at admission, gender, clinical presentation, and time elapsed from initial complaints until diagnosis, disease localization, treatment and evolution.
RESULTS
During the time period 21 children were admitted (19 boys), seven (33.3%) of which were diagnosed in 2008. The median age at diagnosis was seven years with a mean delay to diagnosis of 20,8 days (range 2-125 days). The most frequent site of primitive tumour was the abdomen (13), followed by tonsils (three), orbit (one), central nervous system CNS (two), tongue (one) and nasopharynx (one). The majority of patients in our study were presenting with a painfull abdominal mass. Diagnosis was established through tumour biopsy in 17 children, three by paracentesis or toracocentesis and one case was diagnosed only by genetic tests to the bone marrow. Genetic tests were positive in 11 patients. According to the Murphy classification, there were three stage II, 12 stage III and six stage IV tumours; 29% and 19% had bone marrow and central nervous system involvement, respectively. One child relapsed and was successfully treated with Rituximab® and autologous stem cell transplantation. The overall survival rate was 100%.
Topics: Adolescent; Burkitt Lymphoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 22525625
DOI: No ID Found