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Clinical & Experimental Optometry Mar 2016The aim was to evaluate the effect of ocular topography on soft contact lens fit in Chinese and Caucasians.
BACKGROUND
The aim was to evaluate the effect of ocular topography on soft contact lens fit in Chinese and Caucasians.
METHOD
This study evaluated 547 subjects from two ethnic groups, Caucasian (n = 250) and Chinese (n = 297), at investigational sites in three locations: Wenzhou, China, Melbourne, Australia and Jacksonville, USA. Subjects underwent measurement of a range of ocular topographic variables using identical equipment and protocols, including: apical corneal radius (CR), corneal shape factor (CSF) in the two principal meridians, horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), vertical palpebral aperture (PA), upper lid angle (ULA) and inter-canthal angle (ICA). Subjects were fitted with a spherical lens in two base curves (BCs) (1·Day ACUVUE, 8.50, 9.00 mm) and a toric soft lens (Accelerated Stabilization Design).
RESULTS
The steeper base curve (8.50 mm) spherical lenses gave an acceptable overall lens fit with 98 per cent or more of subjects in both groups, while the flatter lens (9.00 mm) was acceptable in a significantly higher proportion of the Chinese compared to Caucasian group (96 versus 82 per cent, p < 0.0001) . The main difference in fit between groups was for centration; there was significantly less decentration with the Chinese group (8.50 BC: 39 versus 72 per cent, p < 0.0001; 9.0 BC: 63 versus. 85 per cent, p = 0.02). The 8.5 mm base curve showed good centration (none or slight decentration) for 97 per cent of Caucasian eyes and 96 per cent of Chinese eyes. With both groups, there were some significant correlations between lens fit and ocular topographic variables, most notable between upper lid angle and toric lens orientation with the Chinese subjects. Regression analysis also showed key predictive values relating to lens fit.
CONCLUSIONS
Detailed ocular measurements suggest anatomical differences between Chinese and Caucasian populations that should be considered in soft lens design. The spherical and toric lenses tested in this study fitted a large proportion of both Chinese and Caucasian eyes and are robust to the ocular differences noted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asian People; Australia; China; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Eye; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prosthesis Fitting; Tomography; United States; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 26928568
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12336 -
Circulation. Genomic and Precision... Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; White People
PubMed: 35089816
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.121.003630 -
Journal of Biophotonics Apr 2020Phenotypical and functional differences in the intrinsic skin aging process of individuals between Caucasians and Asians have generated considerable interest in...
Phenotypical and functional differences in the intrinsic skin aging process of individuals between Caucasians and Asians have generated considerable interest in dermatology and cosmetic industry. Most of the studies focused on the stratum corneum, and in some other studies inter-individual differences overwhelms the racial difference. None of the studies comparatively analyzes the difference from the histopathological point of view. Here we report our harmonic generation microscopy study to analyze the difference of intrinsic aging between Caucasian and Asian skin from a histopathological point of view. As a result, the cellular and nuclear areas of basal cells in Caucasian subjects were found to increase at the same rate as the Asian subjects, ideal for scoring age. The maximum thickness of the viable epidermis, the dermal papilla (DP) volume per unit area and the depth of the DP zone in Caucasians were found to decrease at faster rates than those in Asians.
Topics: Asian People; Epidermis; Humans; Microscopy; Skin Aging; White People
PubMed: 31747129
DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960063 -
Medicine Apr 2021Infertility affects childbearing age couples all over the world. One of the important reasons for infertility is genetic factors. Our study evaluated the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Infertility affects childbearing age couples all over the world. One of the important reasons for infertility is genetic factors. Our study evaluated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and azoospermia.
METHODS
Multiple databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and China journal full-text database were used to search for relevant studies, and full-text articles involved in the evaluation of MTHFR and azoospermia. The results were evaluated using STATA 12.0. Heterogeneity analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis were also performed on the data.
RESULTS
Thirteen related studies eventually met the inclusion criteria. Significant association between C677T polymorphism and azoospermia (relative risk [RR] = 0.94 [0.90, 0.99], I2 = 60.9%, P = .002), and between A1298C polymorphism and azoospermia (RR = 0.98 [0.94, 1.02], I2 = 56.3%, P = .011) was observed. Meanwhile, in subgroup analysis, Caucasians had higher risk than Mongolians in association between MTHFR and azoospermia.
CONCLUSION
There was association between MTHFR polymorphism and azoospermia. Caucasian populations had higher risk than Mongolian populations in association between MTHFR and azoospermia.
Topics: Asian People; Azoospermia; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; White People
PubMed: 33847607
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024523 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Apr 2013Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While all ethnic groups are affected, the prevalence of T2DM in South Asians,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While all ethnic groups are affected, the prevalence of T2DM in South Asians, both in their home countries and abroad, is extremely high and is continuing to rise rapidly. Innate biological susceptibilities coupled with rapid changes in physical activity, diet, and other lifestyle behaviors are contributing factors propelling the increased burden of disease in this population. The large scope of this problem calls for investigations into the cause of increased susceptibility and preventative efforts at both the individual and population level that are aggressive, culturally sensitive, and start early. In this review, we outline the biological and environmental factors that place South Asians at elevated risk for T2DM, compared with Caucasian and other ethnic groups.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Life Style; Population Surveillance; Risk Factors; White People
PubMed: 23317344
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06838.x -
Clinical Pharmacology in Drug... Feb 2019To evaluate the potential for ethnicity-related differences in ataluren pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety, a phase 1 single-dose study was conducted in 48 healthy (24...
To evaluate the potential for ethnicity-related differences in ataluren pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety, a phase 1 single-dose study was conducted in 48 healthy (24 Japanese and 24 Caucasian subjects), nonsmoking male volunteers who were equally divided into 3 cohorts of oral doses at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected until 48 hours postdose. PK results demonstrated rapid absorption of ataluren, with peak plasma levels (C ) being attained between 0.875 and 2.5 hours after dosing. The mean C and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC ) increased with each increasing dose level in both Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Although the C was similar across all subjects at each dose regardless of ethnicity, Japanese subjects had a mean AUC approximately 14% to 34% lower than that of Caucasian subjects across the 3 dose levels. This difference was likely due to the higher variability of AUC values in Caucasian subjects and the relatively small study population. In conclusion, similar ataluren PK profiles were observed in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects following single oral administration of ataluren at all dose levels.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Area Under Curve; Asian People; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Oxadiazoles; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 30629861
DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.645 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2020To determine if metabolic characteristics differed in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) between a Caucasian and Middle East population. Comparative... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
To determine if metabolic characteristics differed in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) between a Caucasian and Middle East population. Comparative cross-sectional analysis. Demographic and metabolic data from Middle Eastern women from Qatar Biobank (97 with PCOS, 622 controls) were compared to a Caucasian PCOS biobank in Hull UK (108 with PCOS, 69 controls). In both populations, PCOS women showed a worse cardiovascular risk profile of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased C-reactive protein (CRP), reduced HDL, insulin resistance as well as increased androgens compared to their respective controls without PCOS. UK women without PCOS had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and increased testosterone results (p < 0.01) compared to Middle Eastern women without PCOS who had higher inflammatory markers (WBC and CRP), HDL and insulin resistance (p < 0.001). UK PCOS women had a higher body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides (p < 0.01), whilst Middle Eastern PCOS women showed increased testosterone, free androgen index, HDL and CRP (P < 0.01). There was no difference in insulin or insulin resistance between the two PCOS cohorts. This study highlights ethnic population differences because, whilst cardiovascular risk indices were increased for both PCOS cohorts, this may be for different reasons: BMI, waist and hip measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides were higher in the UK cohort whilst testosterone, HDL and CRP were higher in the Middle East population. Insulin resistance did not differ between the two PCOS populations despite differences in BMI.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Middle East; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; United Kingdom; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 33144665
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75109-2 -
Health Expectations : An International... Aug 2022Stigma is a formidable burden for survivors of lung cancer that can reduce the quality of life (QOL), resulting in physical, social and psychological challenges. This...
BACKGROUND
Stigma is a formidable burden for survivors of lung cancer that can reduce the quality of life (QOL), resulting in physical, social and psychological challenges. This study investigates associations between stigma and depression, QOL and demographic and health-related characteristics, including race.
DESIGN
An adapted conceptual model derived from the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale guided this descriptive correlation study assessing stigma in African American and Caucasian survivors of lung cancer. Self-reported, written surveys measuring depression, QOL, lung cancer stigma and demographics were administered. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess associations between stigma and depression, stigma and QOL and stigma and race, while adjusting for demographic characteristics.
RESULTS
Participants (N = 56) included 30 Caucasian and 26 African American survivors of lung cancer recruited from a cancer registry of an American College of Surgeons-accredited programme, a survivors' support club and an ambulatory oncology practice in the southeastern United States. Statistical analysis yielded (1) a significant moderate positive association between depression and lung cancer stigma; (2) a significant moderate negative association between QOL and lung cancer stigma; and (3) significant relationships between race and lung cancer stigma, specifically higher degree of stigma among African Americans compared to Caucasians.
CONCLUSION
Stigma affects many aspects of survivors' lives. Healthcare professionals need to consider how health-related stigma may further complicate the physical burdens, psychological distresses and social challenges that accompany the disease, especially among African American survivors. Additional enquiry and interventions are needed to assist with mitigating the negative effects of stigma on survivors and their family members and friends.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Fifty-six survivors of lung cancer participated in this descriptivecorrelation study. They completed written surveys measuring depression, QOL, and lung cancer stigma, plus an investigator-developed demographic information form.
Topics: Black or African American; Correlation of Data; Cost of Illness; Depression; Health Surveys; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Racial Groups; Registries; Social Stigma; Survivors; United States; White People
PubMed: 35415934
DOI: 10.1111/hex.13495 -
PloS One 2021Currently there is paucity of evidence in the literature in relation to normative values for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC)...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Currently there is paucity of evidence in the literature in relation to normative values for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) among Indigenous Australians. Hence, in this study we assessed the DLCO and TLC parameters among Indigenous Australians in comparison to Australian Caucasian counterparts.
METHODS
DLCO and TLC values were assessed and compared between Indigenous Australians and Australian Caucasians matched for age, sex and body mass index, with normal chest radiology.
RESULTS
Of the 1350 and 5634 pulmonary function tests assessed in Indigenous Australian and Australian Caucasian adults respectively, a total of 129 Indigenous Australians and 197 Australian Caucasians met the inclusion criteria. Absolute DLCO and TLC values for Indigenous Australians were a mean 4.3 ml/min/mmHg (95% CI 2.86, 5.74) and 1.03 L (95% CI 0.78, 1.27) lower than Australian Caucasians (p<0.01). Percentage predicted values were 15.38 (95% CI 11.59, 19.17) and 16.63 (95% CI 13.59, 19.68) points lower for DLCO and TLC, respectively. Lower limit of normal (LLN) values did not significantly differ between groups, however a significantly greater proportion of Indigenous Australians recorded values below the LLN in comparison to Australian Caucasians for DLCO (64 vs. 25%, p<0.01) and TLC (66 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Significant differences for the interaction of sex on DLCO and TLC were noted in Australian Caucasians, with reduced or absent sex differentiation among Indigenous Australians.
CONCLUSIONS
There are significant differences in DLCO and TLC parameters between Indigenous Australian compared to Australian Caucasians. Appropriate DLCO and TLC norms need to be established for Indigenous Australians.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Female; Humans; Indigenous Peoples; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; Total Lung Capacity; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 33798242
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248900 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2015Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the predominant cause of death globally. The large health disparities in the distribution of the burden of disease seen in developed... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the predominant cause of death globally. The large health disparities in the distribution of the burden of disease seen in developed and developing countries are of growing concern. Central to this concern is the poor outcome which is seen disproportionately in socially disadvantaged groups and racial/ethnic minorities. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the nature of cardiovascular disease health disparities among Afro-Caribbean origin populations and identify current knowledge gaps.
METHODS
A systematic literature review including a detailed search strategy was developed to search MEDLINE and other research databases. Using an a priori protocol peer-reviewed publications and grey literature articles were retrieved and screened and relevant data extracted by two independent review authors. Thematic analysis was done according to CVD outcomes and measures of disparity including age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 665 articles of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom and centered on the prevalence of CVD by ethnicity, age and sex. An important sub-theme identified was the disparities in health service utilization/hospital admission. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) were less prevalent among Afro-Caribbeans compared to Caucasian and South East Asian ethnic groups. The prevalence of CHD ranged from 0-7% in Afro-Caribbean to 2-22% in Caucasians. Strokes were more common among Afro-Caribbeans. There are inadequate data on morbidity and mortality from CVD, particularly across the socio-economic gradient, in Afro-Caribbean populations.
CONCLUSIONS
There are important differences in morbidity and mortality from CVD across ethnic groups. Important knowledge gaps remain in understanding the social determinants of these disparities in CVD. More research exploring these gaps by varying disparity indicators needs to be undertaken.
Topics: Asian People; Black People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caribbean Region; Coronary Disease; Ethnicity; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Prevalence; Racial Groups; White People
PubMed: 26310793
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2166-7