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Virus Research May 2014Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity... (Review)
Review
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Bird Diseases; Birds; Drug Carriers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic Viruses
PubMed: 24589707
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016 -
Current Opinion in Virology Oct 2023Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen with an unsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. Properties such as the ease of genome modification, respiratory tract... (Review)
Review
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen with an unsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. Properties such as the ease of genome modification, respiratory tract tropism, and self-limiting replication in mammals make NDV an attractive vector for vaccine development. Experimental NDV-based vaccines against multiple human and animal pathogens elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses and were protective in preclinical animal studies, but their real-life efficacy remains to be demonstrated. Only recently, the first results of clinical trials of NDV-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 became available, highlighting the challenges that need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of NDV as a platform for the rapid development of economically affordable and effective mucosal vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Mammals
PubMed: 37591130
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101348 -
Virulence Dec 2024Newcastle disease virus (NDV) typically induces severe illness in poultry and results in significant economic losses for the worldwide poultry sector. NDV, an RNA virus...
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) typically induces severe illness in poultry and results in significant economic losses for the worldwide poultry sector. NDV, an RNA virus with a single-stranded negative-sense genome, is susceptible to mutation and immune evasion during viral transmission, thus imposing enormous challenges to avian health and poultry production. NDV is composed of six structural proteins and two nonstructural proteins that exert pivotal roles in viral infection and antiviral responses by interacting with host proteins. Nowadays, there is a particular focus on the mechanisms of virus-host protein interactions in NDV research, yet a comprehensive overview of such research is still lacking. Herein, we briefly summarize the mechanisms regarding the effects of virus-host protein interaction on viral infection, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. This review can not only enhance the present comprehension of the mechanism underlying NDV and host interplay, but also furnish a point of reference for the advancement of antiviral measures.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Host Microbial Interactions; Immune Evasion; Newcastle disease virus; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 38193514
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2299182 -
Viruses May 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population against emerging viruses. Viral-vectored vaccines are prominent vaccine platforms that have been approved for use against the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. The Newcastle Disease Virus is a promising viral vector, as an avian paramyxovirus that infects poultry but is safe for use in humans and other animals. NDV has been extensively studied not only as an oncolytic virus but also a vector for human and veterinary vaccines, with currently ongoing clinical trials for use against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a gap in NDV research when it comes to process development and scalable manufacturing, which are critical for future approved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages of NDV as a viral vector, describe the steps and limitations to generating recombinant NDV constructs, review the advances in human and veterinary vaccine candidates in pre-clinical and clinical tests, and elaborate on production in embryonated chicken eggs and cell culture. Mainly, we discuss the existing data on NDV propagation from a process development perspective and provide prospects for the next steps necessary to potentially achieve large-scale NDV-vectored vaccine manufacturing.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 35632717
DOI: 10.3390/v14050975 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2020Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that has been extensively studied as an oncolytic agent, in addition to being an economically important pathogen...
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that has been extensively studied as an oncolytic agent, in addition to being an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry. The establishment of a reverse genetics system for this virus has enabled the development of genetically modified recombinant NDV viruses with improved oncolytic and immunotherapeutic properties. In this chapter, we describe the materials and methods involved in the in vitro cloning and rescue of NDV expressing murine 4-1BBL as well as the in vivo evaluation of NDV expressing 4-1BBL in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Immunomodulation; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Neoplasms; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Transgenes
PubMed: 31486036
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_9 -
Virus Research Nov 2015Programmed cell death is essential to survival of multicellular organisms. Previously restricted to apoptosis, the concept of programmed cell death is now extended to... (Review)
Review
Programmed cell death is essential to survival of multicellular organisms. Previously restricted to apoptosis, the concept of programmed cell death is now extended to other mechanisms, as programmed necrosis or necroptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis and parthanatos, among others. Viruses have evolved to manipulate and take control over the programmed cell death response, and the infected cell attempts to neutralize viral infections displaying different stress signals and defensive pathways before taking the critical decision of self-destruction. Learning from viruses and their interplay with the host may help us to better understand the complexity of the self-defense death response that when altered might cause disorders as important as cancer. In addition, as the fields of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses advance as promising novel cancer therapies, the programmed cell death response reemerges as a key point for the success of both therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize the research of the multimodal cell death response induced by Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), considered nowadays a promising viral oncolytic therapeutic, and how the manipulation of the host programmed cell death response can enhance the NDV antitumor capacity.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses
PubMed: 26221764
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.001 -
Virulence Dec 2022As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely completely on host metabolic machinery and hijack host nutrients for viral replication. Newcastle disease virus (NDV)...
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely completely on host metabolic machinery and hijack host nutrients for viral replication. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes acute, highly contagious avian disease and functions as an oncolytic agent. NDV efficiently replicates in both chicken and tumour cells. However, how NDV reprograms host cellular metabolism for its efficient replication is still ill-defined. We previously identified a significantly upregulated glutamate transporter gene, solute carrier family 1 member 3 (), during NDV infection via transcriptome analysis. To investigate the potential role of during NDV infection, we first confirmed the marked upregulation of in NDV-infected DF-1 or A549 cells through p53 and NF-κB pathways. Knockdown of inhibited NDV infection. Western blot analysis further confirmed that glutamine, but not glutamate, asparagine, or aspartate, was required for NDV replication. Metabolic flux data showed that NDV promotes the decomposition of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Importantly, the level of glutamate and glutaminolysis were reduced by knockdown, indicating that propelled glutaminolysis for glutamate utilization and NDV replication in host cells. Taken together, our data identify that serves as an important regulator for glutamine metabolism and is hijacked by NDV for its efficient replication during NDV infection. These results improve our understanding of the interaction between NDV and host cellular metabolism and lay the foundation for further investigation of efficient vaccines.
Topics: A549 Cells; Animals; Chickens; Glutamine; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 35993169
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2112821 -
Viruses Mar 2023Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide. Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor... (Review)
Review
Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide. Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor treatment candidate. The pathogenic mechanism has intrigued the great curiosity of researchers, and advances in the last two decades have been summarized in this paper. The NDV's pathogenic ability is highly related to the basic protein structure of the virus, which is described in the Introduction of this review. The overall clinical signs and recent findings pertaining to NDV-related lymph tissue damage are then described. Given the involvement of cytokines in the overall virulence of NDV, cytokines, particularly IL6 and IFN expressed during infection, are reviewed. On the other hand, the host also has its way of antagonizing the virus, which starts with the detection of the pathogen. Thus, advances in NDV's physiological cell mechanism and the subsequent IFN response, autophagy, and apoptosis are summarized to provide a whole picture of the NDV infection process.
Topics: Animals; Newcastle disease virus; Newcastle Disease; Poultry; Cytokines; Chickens; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37112843
DOI: 10.3390/v15040864 -
Virulence Dec 2022Newcastle disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most serious threats to chickens and has two clinical forms, typical and atypical, caused by...
Newcastle disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most serious threats to chickens and has two clinical forms, typical and atypical, caused by velogenic and lentogenic strains, respectively. To control the epidemic, many vaccines against velogenic class II NDVs have been introduced worldwide, but this has led to accelerated mutation of class II viruses under immune pressure and, on the other hand, to non-vaccine targeting class I NDVs becoming the dominant population in poultry. In this context, this study provided the first large-scale genomic epidemiological and quasispecies dynamic analysis of class I NDVs in China, and found that class I viruses that first appeared in East and South China have spread to central China and become the dominant class with an average evolutionary rate of 1.797 × 10. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism and intra-host single nucleotide variation analyses show that HN and P genes have high mutation rates and may act as front-runners for NDV to expand their host range and enhance their virulence. This study also found that the class I NDV population has accumulated a number of mutations under positive selection and that six isolates with shortened C-terminal extensions of the HN protein are evolving toward increased virulence. These results not only enrich the research resources but also help us to better understand the dynamic evolution and mutational trends of NDV at the genomic level, which is crucial for monitoring, early warning, and controlling the outbreak of Newcastle disease.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; China; Genotype; Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 35188866
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2037342 -
Viruses Dec 2015Research on oncolytic viruses has mostly been directed towards the treatment of solid tumors, which has yielded limited information regarding their activity in...
Research on oncolytic viruses has mostly been directed towards the treatment of solid tumors, which has yielded limited information regarding their activity in hematological cancer. It has also been directed towards the treatment of humans, yet veterinary medicine may also benefit. Several strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have been used as oncolytics in vitro and in a number of in vivo experiments. We studied the cytolytic effect of NDV-MLS, a low virulence attenuated lentogenic strain, on a human large B-cell lymphoma cell line (SU-DHL-4), as well as on primary canine-derived B-cell lymphoma cells, and compared them to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both humans and dogs. NDV-MLS reduced cell survival in both human (42% ± 5%) and dog (34% ± 12%) lymphoma cells as compared to untreated controls. No significant effect on PBMC was seen. Cell death involved apoptosis as documented by flow-cytometry. NDV-MLS infections of malignant lymphoma tumors in vivo in dogs were confirmed by electron microscopy. Early (24 h) biodistribution of intravenous injection of 1 × 10(12) TCID50 (tissue culture infective dose) in a dog with T-cell lymphoma showed viral localization only in the kidney, the salivary gland, the lung and the stomach by immunohistochemistry and/or endpoint PCR. We conclude that NDV-MLS may be a promising agent for the treatment of lymphomas. Future research is needed to elucidate the optimal therapeutic regimen and establish appropriate biosafety measures.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Lymphoma; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses
PubMed: 26703717
DOI: 10.3390/v8010003