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The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Jun 2021This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and spine. A review of the current literature on the latest developments in antenatal imaging for diagnosis and prognostication of congenital anomalies is coupled with illustrative cases in true radiological planes with viewable three-dimensional video models that show the potential of post-acquisition reconstruction protocols. We discuss the benefits and limitations of fetal MRI, from anomaly detection, to classification and prognostication, and defines the role of imaging in the decision to proceed to fetal intervention, across the breadth of included conditions. We also consider the current capabilities of ultrasound and explore how MRI and ultrasound can complement each other in the future of fetal imaging.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Clinical Decision-Making; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Gestational Age; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prognosis; Radiology; Spinal Diseases; Thoracic Diseases; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urologic Diseases; Video Recording
PubMed: 33721554
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30313-8 -
BioMed Research International 2021The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand researched and prototyped digital radiography systems under the brand name BodiiRay aiming for...
BACKGROUND
The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand researched and prototyped digital radiography systems under the brand name BodiiRay aiming for sustainable development and affordability of medical imaging technology. The image restoration and enhancement were implemented for the systems.
PURPOSE
The image quality of the systems was evaluated using images from phantoms and from healthy volunteers.
METHODS
The survey phantom images from BodiiRay and other two commercial systems using the exposure settings for the chest, the abdomen, and the extremity were evaluated by three experience observers in terms of the high-contrast image resolution, the low-contrast image detectability, and the grayscale differentiation. The volunteer images of the chests, the abdomens, and the extremities from BodiiRay were evaluated by three specialized radiologists based on visual grading on 5-point scaled questionnaires for the anatomy visibility, the image quality satisfaction, and the diagnosis confidence in using the images.
RESULTS
BodiiRay phantom results were similar to those from the commercial systems. The overall performance averaged across the exposure settings showed that BodiiRay was slightly better than Fujifilm FDR Go in the low-contrast detectability ( = 0.033) and in the grayscale differentiation ( = 0.004). It was also slightly better than Siemens YSIO Max in the high-contrast resolution ( = 0.018). The images of chest, pelvis, and hand phantoms illustrated comparable visual quality. For volunteer images, the percentage of the images scored ≥4 ranged from 61% to 99%, 23% to 92%, and 96% to 99% for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively. The average score ranged from 3.63 to 4.46, 3.18 to 4.21, and 4.41 to 4.51 for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The phantom image results showed the comparability of these systems. The clinical evaluation showed BodiiRay images provided sufficient image qualities for digital radiography of these body parts.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Hand; Humans; Pelvis; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiography, Thoracic; Thailand; Thorax
PubMed: 34869760
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3102673 -
British Medical Journal Dec 1949
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Bronchiectasis; Humans; Kartagener Syndrome; Penicillins; Viscera
PubMed: 15394636
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4639.1269 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Apr 2021The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or... (Review)
Review
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or clusters of leukocytes that are organized similar to those in conventional lymphoid tissues. A unique assortment of leukocytes patrol the peritoneal cavity and migrate in and out of the milky spots, where they encounter Ags or pathogens from the peritoneal fluid and respond accordingly. The principal role of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity is to preserve tissue homeostasis and secure tissue repair. However, when peritoneal homeostasis is disturbed by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, specialized fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells in the omentum regulate the recruitment of peritoneal leukocytes and steer their activation in unique ways. In this review, the types of cells that reside in the peritoneal cavity, the role of the omentum in their maintenance and activation, and how these processes function in response to pathogens and malignancy will be discussed.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Innate; Omentum; Peritoneal Cavity
PubMed: 32881077
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.5MIR0720-271RR -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2016We present a case of primary omental ectopic pregnancy in a 31-year-old woman which was discovered intraoperatively during a diagnostic laparoscopy and subsequently...
We present a case of primary omental ectopic pregnancy in a 31-year-old woman which was discovered intraoperatively during a diagnostic laparoscopy and subsequently removed via mini-laparotomy. We emphasise the rarity of this diagnosis, and the importance of careful inspection of the abdominal cavity including the omentum should an ectopic pregnancy be suspected when bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries appear normal during surgical exploration.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Incidental Findings; Laparoscopy; Omentum; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Abdominal; Rupture, Spontaneous
PubMed: 28003233
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217327 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Aug 2016BACKGROUND Planned re-laparotomies are a series of surgical interventions that are rarely used and have a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate...
BACKGROUND Planned re-laparotomies are a series of surgical interventions that are rarely used and have a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting mortality and the effectiveness of the use of the Bogota bag for temporary closure of the abdomen in patients for whom re-laparotomy was planned. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective examination was made of data of patients in whom a Bogota bag was used in planned re-laparotomies for various reasons in the General Surgery Department of Suleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty between June 2008 and April 2014. RESULTS Bogota bags were used in a total of 38 patients, comprising 23 (60.5%) males and 15 (39.5%) females, with a mean age of 58.94±17.89 years. The mean period of hospitalization was 14.5 days (range, 1-143 days) and the mean number of operations during that time was 3 (range, 1-11). The mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 6 days (range, 1-143 days). Malignancy was determined in 8 patients (21.1%). Indications were intra-abdominal sepsis in 23 patients (60.5%), mesenteric vascular disease in 10 patients (26.3%), and packing was required in 5 patients (13.2%). Mortality developed in 25 patients (65.8%). A significant relationship was determined between mortality and a diagnosis of mesenteric artery ischemia (p: 0.035). The mortality rate was 56% (n: 13) in patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal sepsis. A relationship was determined between mortality and age (p: 0.015), duration of hospital stay (p: 0.007), need for cardiac inotrope (p: 0.01), and need for mechanical ventilation (p: 0.01). The mean Apache II score was 26.4±5 for patients who died and 15.8±5.2 for surviving patients (p<0.001). In 5 (38.4%) of the 13 surviving patients, primary repair was applied to the abdomen, and in the remaining 8 patients abdominal wall repair was performed using dual mesh. CONCLUSIONS In patients in whom a Bogota bag was used, which is a cheap and easy method for temporary closure of the abdomen, the high mortality rates seen are related to diagnosis, Apache II score, age, and organ failure.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Laparotomy; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27530309
DOI: 10.12659/msm.897109 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022Ticks transmit several arthropod-borne pathogens in New York State. The primary human-biting ticks in this region are Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and...
Ticks transmit several arthropod-borne pathogens in New York State. The primary human-biting ticks in this region are Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and Dermacentor variabilis. Body regions where tick bites human vary depending on the tick species and life stage, and clothing worn by the host. A community tick submission system was used to acquire information about bite-site location prior to pathogen testing to understand species and life stage-specific body-segment preferences. These data resulted in the identification of species-specific preferences for location, with D. variabilis preferentially biting the head and neck and A. americanum preferring the thighs, groin, and abdomen. Ixodes scapularis was found across the body, although it showed a significant life stage difference with adults preferring the head, midsection, and groin, while nymphs/larvae preferred the extremities. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi resulted in a significant change in attachment site. This provides an assessment of which body region ticks of the most common species in New York are likely to be found.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; New York; Ixodes; Borrelia burgdorferi; Arthropods; Abdominal Cavity
PubMed: 36463334
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25486-7 -
IEEE Journal of Translational... 2022In recent years, computer-assisted diagnosis of patients is an increasingly common topic. Multi-organ segmentation of clinical Computed Tomography (CT) images of the...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, computer-assisted diagnosis of patients is an increasingly common topic. Multi-organ segmentation of clinical Computed Tomography (CT) images of the patient's abdomen and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the patient's heart is a challenging task in medical image segmentation. The accurate segmentation of multiple organs is an important prerequisite for disease diagnosis and treatment planning.
METHODS
In this paper, we propose a new method based on multi-organ segmentation in CT images or MRI images; this method is based on the CNN-Transformer hybrid model, and on this basis, a progressive sampling module is added.
RESULTS
We performed multi-organ segmentation on CT images and MRI images provided by two public datasets, Synapse multi-organ CT dataset (Synapse) and Automated cardiac diagnosis challenge dataset (ACDC). By using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff_95 (HD95) as the evaluation metric for the Synapse dataset. For the Synapse dataset of CT images, the average DSC reached 79.76%, and the HD95 reached 21.55%. The DSC indicators of Kidney(R), Pancreas, and Stomach reached 80.77%, 59.84%, and 81.11%, respectively. The average DSC for the ACDC dataset of MRI images reaches 91.8%, far exceeding other state-of-the-art techniques.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, we propose a multi-sampled vision transformer MPSHT based on the CNN-Transformer structure. The model has both the advantages of CNN convolutional network and Transformer, and at the same time, the addition of a progressive sampling module makes the model's segmentation of organs more accurate, making up for the shortcomings of the previous CNN-Transformer hybrid model.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Abdominal Cavity; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Heart; Kidney
PubMed: 36457896
DOI: 10.1109/JTEHM.2022.3210047 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2011Various mucin-producing neoplasms originate in different abdominal and pelvic organs. Mucinous neoplasms differ from non-mucinous neoplasms because of the differences in... (Review)
Review
Various mucin-producing neoplasms originate in different abdominal and pelvic organs. Mucinous neoplasms differ from non-mucinous neoplasms because of the differences in clinical outcome and imaging appearance. Mucinous carcinoma, in which at least 50% of the tumor is composed of large pools of extracellular mucin and columns of malignant cells, is associated with a worse prognosis. Signet ring cell carcinoma is characterized by large intracytoplasmic mucin vacuoles that expand in the malignant cells with the nucleus displaced to the periphery. Its prognosis is also generally poor. In contrast, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct and pancreas, which is characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelium and variable mucin production, has a better prognosis than other malignancies in the pancreaticobiliary tree. Imaging modalities play a critical role in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous neoplasms. Due to high water content, mucin has a similar appearance to water on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, except when thick and proteinaceous, and then it tends to be hypoechoic with fine internal echoes or have complex echogenicity on US, hyperdense on CT, and hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images, compared to water. Therefore, knowledge of characteristic mucin imaging features is helpful to diagnose various mucin-producing neoplastic conditions and to facilitate appropriate treatment.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Humans; Mucins; Pelvic Neoplasms; Pelvis; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei; Radiography; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22147976
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i43.4757 -
World Journal of Emergency Surgery :... Oct 2023High-level evidence regarding the technique of abdominal wall closure for patients undergoing emergency midline laparotomy is sparse. Therefore, we conducted a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
High-level evidence regarding the technique of abdominal wall closure for patients undergoing emergency midline laparotomy is sparse. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two commonly applied abdominal wall closure strategies after primary emergency midline laparotomy.
METHODS/DESIGN
CONTINT was a multi-center pragmatic open-label exploratory randomized controlled parallel trial. Two different abdominal wall closure strategies in patients undergoing primary midline laparotomy for an emergency surgical intervention with a suspected septic focus in the abdominal cavity were compared: the continuous, all-layer suture and the interrupted suture technique. The primary composite endpoint was burst abdomen within 30 days after surgery or incisional hernia within 12 months. As reliable data on this composite primary endpoint were not available for patients undergoing emergency surgery, it was planned to initially recruit 80 patients and conduct an interim analysis after these had completed the 12 months follow-up.
RESULTS
From August 31, 2009, to June 28, 2012, 124 patients were randomized of whom 119 underwent surgery and were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principal. The primary composite endpoint did not differ between the continuous suture (C: 27.1%) and the interrupted suture group (I: 30.0%). None of the individual components of the primary endpoint (reoperation due to burst abdomen after 30 days (C: 13.5%, I: 15.1%) and reoperation due to incisional hernia (C: 3.0%, I:11.1%)) differed between groups. Time needed for fascial closure was longer in the interrupted suture group (C: 12.8 ± 4.5 min, I: 17.4 ± 6.1 min). BMI was associated with burst abdomen during the first 30 days with an OR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.04-1.32).
CONCLUSION
This RCT showed no difference between continuous suture with slowly absorbable suture versus interrupted rapidly absorbable sutures after primary emergency midline laparotomy in rates of postoperative burst abdomen and incisional hernia after one year. However, the trial was stopped after the interim analysis due to futility as there was no chance to show superiority of one suture technique.
Topics: Humans; Incisional Hernia; Abdominal Wall; Laparotomy; Sutures; Abdominal Cavity
PubMed: 37848901
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-023-00517-4