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American Family Physician Dec 2018Frequent school absenteeism has immediate and long-term negative effects on academic performance, social functioning, high school and college graduation rates, adult... (Review)
Review
Frequent school absenteeism has immediate and long-term negative effects on academic performance, social functioning, high school and college graduation rates, adult income, health, and life expectancy. Previous research focused on distinguishing between truancy and anxiety-driven school refusal, but current policy has shifted to reducing absenteeism for any reason. Chronic absenteeism appears to be driven by overlapping medical, individual, family, and social factors, including chronic illness, mental health conditions, bullying, perceived lack of safety, health problems or needs of other family members, inconsistent parenting, poor school climate, economic disadvantage, and unreliable transportation. Family physicians are well positioned to identify patients with frequent absences, intervene early, and tailor treatment plans to the patient's medical and social needs. Informing parents of the link between school attendance and achievement can be effective in reducing absences. If absenteeism is caused by chronic illness, management should include clear expectations about school attendance and care coordination with school personnel. Mental health conditions that interfere with school attendance can often be treated with cognitive behavior therapy and/or pharmacotherapy. When assessing a child with frequent absences, physicians should inquire about bullying, even if the patient is not known to identify with a vulnerable group. Families and schools are key collaborators in interventions via parent education, parental mental health treatment, and school-based intervention programs.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Child; Child Health; Female; Humans; Male; Parenting; Primary Health Care; Risk Factors; Schools; Students
PubMed: 30525360
DOI: No ID Found -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... May 2022Health can impact work performance through absenteeism, time spent away from work, and presenteeism, inhibited at-work performance. Low back pain is common and costly,...
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Health can impact work performance through absenteeism, time spent away from work, and presenteeism, inhibited at-work performance. Low back pain is common and costly, both in terms of direct medical expenditures and indirect reduced work performance.
PURPOSE
Surgery for lumbar spinal pathology is an important part of treatment for patients who do not respond to nonsurgical management. While the indirect costs of return to work and absenteeism among employed patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery have been studied, little work has been done to quantify presenteeism before and after lumbar spine surgery.
STUDY DESIGN/SETTING
Prospective cohort study at a single high-volume urban musculoskeletal specialty hospital.
PATIENT SAMPLE
Patients undergoing single-level lumbar spinal fusion and/or decompression surgery.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Presenteeism and absenteeism were measured using the World Health Organization's Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before surgery, as well as 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery.
METHODS
Average presenteeism and absenteeism were evaluated at pre-surgical baseline and each follow-up timepoint. Monthly average time lost to presenteeism and absenteeism were calculated before surgery and 12 months after surgery. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools with support from Clinical and Translational Science Center grant, UL1TR002384. One author discloses royalties, private investments, consulting fees, speaking/teaching arrangements, travel, board of directorship, and scientific advisory board membership totaling >$300,000.
RESULTS
We enrolled 134 employed surgical patients, among whom 115 (86%) responded at 6 weeks, 105 (78%) responded at 6 months, and 115 (86%) responded at 12 months. Preoperatively, mean age was 56.4 years (median 57.5), and 41.0% were women; 68 (50.7%) had only decompressions, while 66 (49.3%) had fusions. Among respondents at each time point, 98%, 92%, and 92% were still employed, among whom 76%, 96%, and 96% had resumed working, respectively (median 29 days). Average at-work performance among working patients (who responded at each pair of timepoints) moved from 75.4 to 78.7 between baseline and 6 weeks, 71.8 to 85.9 between baseline and 6 months, and 73.0 to 88.1 between baseline and 12 months. Gains were concentrated among the 52.0% of patients whose at-work performance was declining (and low) leading up to surgery. Average absenteeism was relatively unmoved between baseline and each follow-up. Before surgery, the monthly average time lost to presenteeism and absenteeism was 19.8% and 18.9%, respectively; 12 months after surgery, these numbers were 9.7% and 16.0%; changes represent a mitigated loss of 13.0 percentage points of average monthly value.
CONCLUSIONS
Presenteeism and absenteeism contributed roughly evenly to preoperative average monthly lost time. Although average changes in absenteeism and 6-week at-work performance were small, average changes in at-work performance at 6 and 12 months were significant. Cost-benefit analyses of lumbar spine surgery should therefore consider improved presenteeism, which appears to offset some of the direct and indirect costs of surgical treatment.
Topics: Absenteeism; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Presenteeism; Prospective Studies; Spinal Fusion; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34706279
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.10.017 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty May 2021Absenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism-illness-related reduced productivity at work-is costlier. We quantified employed patients' presenteeism...
BACKGROUND
Absenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism-illness-related reduced productivity at work-is costlier. We quantified employed patients' presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).
METHODS
We measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization's Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.
RESULTS
In total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).
CONCLUSION
Among employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.
Topics: Absenteeism; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Efficiency; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Presenteeism; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33358309
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.11.024 -
Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem 2022Associate the absenteeism of nurses and nursing technicians with the work environment in the urgency and emergency care unit.
OBJECTIVE
Associate the absenteeism of nurses and nursing technicians with the work environment in the urgency and emergency care unit.
METHOD
Cohort study, urgency and emergency care unit of a public hospital, 57 nursing technicians and 14 nurses, from October 2017 to October 2018. Application of an instrument with sociodemographic and labor data, reported absenteeism and validated Brazilian version of the Nursing Work Index Revised. Multiple logistic regression analysis, significant associations if p<0.05.
RESULTS
Work environment showed an average score of 3.10 for nurses and nursing technicians. The more unfavorable the environment, the greater the likelihood employees will no show up for work. Factors that increase the probability of absenteeism: being single or divorced and working night shifts. Factors that reduce this probability: being a nurse and having another job.
CONCLUSION
A work environment unfavorable to professional practice increases the probability of absenteeism for nurses and nursing technicians.
Topics: Humans; Absenteeism; Job Satisfaction; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Cohort Studies; Workplace; Emergency Service, Hospital; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36350964
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210254.en -
Journal of Occupational Health Jan 2020
Topics: Absenteeism; Humans; Presenteeism; Sick Leave; Workplace
PubMed: 32741028
DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12158 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Personal assistants (PAs) have become an increasingly important element of long-term care (LTC) in England since the introduction of Direct Payments in 1996 and the Care...
Personal assistants (PAs) have become an increasingly important element of long-term care (LTC) in England since the introduction of Direct Payments in 1996 and the Care Act 2014 legislation. The PAs, who are directly employed by social care users, can perform a number of support tasks including vital assistance in activities of daily living (ADL). Internationally these roles would be classed as domestic care work, including the employment of migrant care workers, e.g. in Germany and Austria. High turnover rates and work absenteeism in this market can cause disruption of these important daily activities, causing LTC users to potentially suffer neglect and poorer quality of life. Although there is research on turnover and absenteeism in nursing workforce in hospitals and LTC workers in nursing homes, little attention has been given to reasons for turnover of PAs and even less for absenteeism, which often precedes turnover, in a workforce of over 100,000 people in England. This research aims to fill this gap in knowledge by analyzing the reasons behind the absenteeism of PAs using quantitative methods. We used survey data of PAs in England, exploring the factors associated to one form of absenteeism-sick leave from work. After controlling for a number of factors ranging from job characteristics such as number of hours worked and type of contract, socio-economic characteristics from the PA and their employer, and supply and demand factors at local government region, the findings suggest a number of factors that significantly influenced sick leave, including distances traveled to work and number of PAs employed. Following the analysis, two people with life experience of LTC discuss the findings of the study and how they compare to their experiences of the market for PAs, providing a unique perspective from the people who could benefit the most from improving PA retention and reducing absenteeism.
Topics: Humans; Absenteeism; Activities of Daily Living; Quality of Life; Sick Leave; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 36299742
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.970370 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Sep 2017Regular physical activity has a significant impact on health. There is scientific evidence for prescription of exercise in the treatment of at least 26 different chronic... (Review)
Review
Regular physical activity has a significant impact on health. There is scientific evidence for prescription of exercise in the treatment of at least 26 different chronic non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, it has an indirect role in the preservation of work capacity. The aim of this study was to review the published results of research on the relationship between leisure-time PA and absenteeism due to sickness. Medline database was searched using the keywords "leisuretime physical activity AND (sick leave OR sickness absence OR absenteeism)". Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. A negative correlation between leisure-time PA and absenteeism due to sickness in working population was determined in 11 studies. The results support the inclusion of PA promotion in the programmes intended to reduce absenteeism prevalence, the latter being an important public health issue.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adult; Female; Health Status; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Sick Leave; Work Capacity Evaluation; Workplace
PubMed: 28976887
DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2963 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Sep 2019School absenteeism and dropout are associated with many different life-course problems. To reduce the risk for these problems it is important to gain insight into risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
School absenteeism and dropout are associated with many different life-course problems. To reduce the risk for these problems it is important to gain insight into risk factors for both school absenteeism and permanent school dropout. Until now, no quantitative overview of these risk factors and their effects was available. Therefore, this study was aimed at synthesizing the available evidence on risk factors for school absenteeism and dropout. In total, 75 studies were included that reported on 781 potential risk factors for school absenteeism and 635 potential risk factors for dropout. The risk factors were classified into 44 risk domains for school absenteeism and 42 risk domains for dropout. The results of a series of three-level meta-analyses yielded a significant mean effect for 28 school absenteeism risk domains and 23 dropout risk domains. For school absenteeism, 12 risk domains were found with large effects, including having a negative attitude towards school, substance abuse, externalizing and internalizing problems of the juvenile, and a low parent-school involvement. For dropout, the risk domains having a history of grade retention, having a low IQ or experiencing learning difficulties, and a low academic achievement showed large effects. The findings of the current study contribute to the fundamental knowledge of the etiology of school absenteeism and dropout which in turn contributes to a better understanding of the problematic development of adolescents. Further, more insight into the strength of effects of risk factors on school absenteeism and dropout is important for the development and improvement of both assessment, prevention and intervention strategies.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Student Dropouts; Students; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31312979
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01072-5 -
Child Development Jul 2021Nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2011 (n = 14,370) were used to examine the grade-level and cumulative...
Nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2011 (n = 14,370) were used to examine the grade-level and cumulative outcomes of school absenteeism between kindergarten and fifth grade for students' school performance in the United States. Students who were more frequently absent in any year of elementary school demonstrated lower academic, executive function, and socioemotional outcomes. Although there was little variation in the magnitude of associations across grade levels, there was evidence of cumulative associations. Specifically, students who were consistently absent throughout elementary school tended to have lower outcomes across developmental domains in the long-term. The negative links between absenteeism and outcomes were larger for Black than White students, but few other subgroup differences emerged.
Topics: Absenteeism; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Schools; Students; United States
PubMed: 33739441
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13555 -
Current Rheumatology Reports Jul 2020Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects people of working age. Work-related outcomes are therefore important to study,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects people of working age. Work-related outcomes are therefore important to study, both from an individual but also a societal perspective. Through this review of the literature, we explore the impact of axSpA on key work outcomes including work and productivity loss and predictors for these.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent evidence confirms that axSpA is associated with substantial consequences on the ability to work. Reassuringly, early treatment and use of biologics have been associated with improved wok outcomes highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and management. High disease activity, labour-intensive jobs, poor physical function and impaired spinal mobility are among identified predictors of adverse work outcomes in axSpA. The impact of axSpA on work outcomes is considerable and necessitates optimal intervention, including suppression of disease activity, to enhance people's chances of remaining in work.
Topics: Absenteeism; Biological Products; Disability Evaluation; Efficiency; Humans; Spondylarthritis
PubMed: 32719993
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00932-5