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Persoonia Jun 2020Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from marine sediment sand. , (incl. gen. nov.) from soil. , , , ,...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from marine sediment sand. , (incl. gen. nov.) from soil. , , , , and from soil, from leaves of , on leaf litter of , and on soil, on , on soil, from leaves of , from leaves of , from leaves of , from soil associated with dying , from soil, on soil, on leaf litter, on leaf spots of . , on collar rot and stem of , on fallen branch of , from , from soil. , in soil. , from leaves of , and on leaf litter. , on leaf litter. , from indoor chestnut mill. , on soil, on dead needles of , on insects' frass. , from saline water. , from freshwater. , from , as endophyte from , from dates fruit, from swamp. , on soil. , , , and (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from leaves of sp., from skin of human patient, from leaves of , and on leaf litter of , from soil, on soil, from leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) from plant debris, in calcareus soil, in calcareus soil. , on corticated wood, from leaves of unknown , on branch lesions of , from heartwood of sp. , from leaves of , from air, (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from a human skin sample, (incl. gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, from leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from air, from leaves of leaf spots of . , on branches of and on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
PubMed: 33116344
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.11 -
PloS One 2020Mucoromycota fungi possess a versatile metabolism and can utilize various substrates for production of industrially important products, such as lipids, chitin/chitosan,...
Mucoromycota fungi possess a versatile metabolism and can utilize various substrates for production of industrially important products, such as lipids, chitin/chitosan, polyphosphates, pigments, alcohols and organic acids. However, as far as commercialisation is concerned, establishing industrial biotechnological processes based on Mucoromycota fungi is still challenging due to the high production costs compared to the final product value. Therefore, the development of co-production concept is highly desired since more than one valuable product could be produced at the time and the process has a potentially higher viability. To develop such biotechnological strategy, we applied a high throughput approach consisting of micro-titre cultivation and FTIR spectroscopy. This approach allows single-step biochemical fingerprinting of either fungal biomass or growth media without tedious extraction of metabolites. The influence of two types of nitrogen sources and different levels of inorganic phosphorus on the co-production of lipids, chitin/chitosan and polyphosphates for nine different oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi was evaluated. FTIR analysis of biochemical composition of Mucoromycota fungi and biomass yield showed that variation in inorganic phosphorus had higher effect when inorganic nitrogen source-ammonium sulphate-was used. It was observed that: (1) Umbelopsis vinacea reached almost double biomass yield compared to other strains when yeast extract was used as nitrogen source while phosphorus limitation had little effect on the biomass yield; (2) Mucor circinelloides, Rhizopus stolonifer, Amylomyces rouxii, Absidia glauca and Lichtheimia corymbifera overproduced chitin/chitosan under the low pH caused by the limitation of inorganic phosphorus; (3) Mucor circinelloides, Amylomyces rouxii, Rhizopus stolonifer and Absidia glauca were able to store polyphosphates in addition to lipids when high concentration of inorganic phosphorus was used; (4) the biomass and lipid yield of high-value lipid producers Mortierella alpina and Mortierella hyalina were significantly increased when high concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were combined with ammonium sulphate, while the same amount of inorganic phosphorus combined with yeast extract showed negative impact on the growth and lipid accumulation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the co-production potential of several oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi forming lipids, chitin/chitosan and polyphosphates in a single cultivation process.
Topics: Biotechnology; Cell Culture Techniques; Chitin; Culture Media; Fungi; Lipids; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Polyphosphates; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 32569317
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234870 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Oct 2009Zygomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) can manifest in three distinct clinical forms, as rhinocerebral zygomycosis, as disseminated zygomycosis with CNS... (Review)
Review
Zygomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) can manifest in three distinct clinical forms, as rhinocerebral zygomycosis, as disseminated zygomycosis with CNS involvement, and as isolated cerebral zygomycosis. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy with leukaemia and disseminated zygomycosis, caused by Absidia corymbifera, involving the brain, spinal cord, lung and liver. The child received treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole for 6 months. Although the lesions of the lungs and liver resolved, those of the CNS persisted and the child is in a vegetative state. A review of the literature after 2004 identified ten additional cases of disseminated zygomycosis with cerebral involvement, all but one of which had concurrent lung infection. The most common underlying disease in these cases was haematological malignancy and the mortality rate was 70%. Disseminated zygomycosis with cerebral involvement is a fatal disease. Early recognition and prompt intervention with combined medical and surgical treatment may improve the outcome.
Topics: Absidia; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Brain; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections; Child, Preschool; Humans; Liver; Lung; Male; Mucormycosis; Spinal Cord; Triazoles
PubMed: 19754757
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02980.x -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... 2013Nineteen taxa of Mucorales, belonging to Absidia, Apophysomyces, Cunninghamella, Fennellomyces, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Mycotypha, Rhizopus and Syncephalastrum were isolated...
Nineteen taxa of Mucorales, belonging to Absidia, Apophysomyces, Cunninghamella, Fennellomyces, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Mycotypha, Rhizopus and Syncephalastrum were isolated from 36 composite soil samples in three semiarid areas in the State of Pernambuco (Triunfo, Cabrobó and Belém de São Francisco), Northeast Brazil, which are characterized by Caatinga vegetation. Triunfo is preserved, whereas Cabroró and Belém de São Francisco are experiencing low and severe desertification processes, respectively. Mucorales were isolated in Petri dishes in triplicate from 5 mg samples of soil placed on the surface of wheat germ agar plus chloramphenicol and Cercobin [Dimethyl 4,49-(103 phenylene) bis (3-thioallophanate)] medium. The plates were left on a bench at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) for 72 h of alternating dark and light periods. Absidia cylindrospora presented the highest amount of CFU/g of soil, followed by L. hyalospora, C. phaeospora and C. echinulata var. echinulata. The latter, and R. microsporus var. microsporus, presented the highest frequencies of occurrence. Soils from Triunfo showed higher diversity of Mucorales than the samples from the other areas, although without differing statistically in relation to species richness. The communities of Mucorales from the degraded areas were more similar, while that from the preserved area was quite different. Most of the identified specimens have been commonly isolated from soil in other Brazilian regions, which indicates that they are not endemic of the semiarid. Eleven taxa are registered for the first time in this ecosystem, while F. heterothallicus is reported for the first time in Brazil.
PubMed: 24159320
DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822013005000027 -
Persoonia Jun 2021Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit of , from stem of , on stems of , from rhizosphere soil of , on living leaves of , , and on living leaves of sp. , from soil. , from soil under , from an unidentified fern. , on deteriorated hardwood. , from tea bag with fruit tea, as endophyte from , on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. , on basic to calcareous soil, from , from buds of , as endophyte from roots , on leaves of , on soil under sp., from soil. , from compost. , on leaves of unidentified succulent, on leaves of sp., on leaves of sp., from hypolith under a rock, on leaves of unidentified tree, and from hypolith under a rock, on leaves of sp., (incl. gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of , on twigs of , on dung of sp., on zebra dung, on stems of . , on sandy soil, on nutrient poor (acid) soil, on plant debris, amongst grasses. , from leaf spots of sp., and from stem discolouration and leaf spots of sp., from leaf spots of sp., (incl. gen. nov.) and from leaf spots of , from leaf spots of , from leaf spots of , on soil in semi-natural grassland, on soil in calcareous and forests, on soil semi-natural grasslands, on gravelly soil. , on soil in association with , on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce , on à moss covered rotting trunk of , on debris of , on soil on calcareous grasslands, on soil in subalpine grasslands, on rotted wood of , on fallen dead branches of , from fruits of , on soil, as endophyte from , on mowed grassland, from corticated branches of sp. , on leaves of unidentified , on dead pods of , on leaves of sp., on leaves of sp., on bark of , on leaves of , as epiphyte on brown stem of , and on leaves of , on on bark of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaf litter of , on leaves of , on leaf litter of , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of , on twigs of , on leaves of sp., from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee , on leaf litter of , on leaves of sp., on pods of , with in calcareus soils, under subsp in calcareous soil, (incl. gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, on acidic soils, on volcanic lapilii material, in calcareus soil. , on soil under and , on inflorescence of , on on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. , on leaves of , from surface sterilised roots of , from outside wall of alcohol distillery. , on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kölling, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283. Persoonia 46: 313-528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11.
PubMed: 35935893
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Apr 2020Fungal contamination in a University building.
UNLABELLED
Fungal contamination in a University building.
BACKGROUND.
It is recognized that airborne fungi can cause illnesses in humans but data on environmental exposure are still poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungal airborne contamination in a university building.
METHODS.
The study was performed in February and May 2018; air samples were collected, before activity (on Monday) and during activity, (on Friday), both through active (CFU/m) and passive (Index of microbial air contamination, IMA) method. Fungi were identified by using the scotch test.
RESULTS.
In February the median fungal contamination value decreased from 14 CFU/m before activity to 7 CFU/m during activity, while IMA median remains 0. Instead in May both increased during activity (from 87 to 140 CFU/m; from 5.5 to 7.5 IMA). Overall values increased in May compared to February. spp., pp., spp. spp. were the genera most frequently isolated in both months, while in May spp. e spp. were recovered too.
CONCLUSIONS.
Seasonal trend in the levels of fungal contamination of the air was observed, with a statistically significant increase in May. This study represents the first step of a wider study aimed at enhancing knowledge about air fungal contamination.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Fungi; Humans; Italy; Universities
PubMed: 32275281
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3-S.9426 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022-bark beetles are associated with microbes that can detoxify terpenes, degrade complex molecules, supplement and recycle nutrients, fix nitrogen, produce semiochemicals,...
-bark beetles are associated with microbes that can detoxify terpenes, degrade complex molecules, supplement and recycle nutrients, fix nitrogen, produce semiochemicals, and regulate ecological interactions between microbes. Females of some species harbor microbes in specialized organs called mycetangia; yet little is known about the microbial diversity contained in these structures. Here, we use metabarcoding to characterize mycetangial fungi from beetle species in the complex, and analyze variation in biodiversity of microbial assemblages between beetle species. Overall fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 13 classes, 25 orders, 39 families, and 48 genera, including 33 filamentous fungi, and 15 yeasts. The most abundant genera were , , , , , , , , , and . Analysis of α-diversity indicated that fungal assemblages of . showed the highest richness and diversity, whereas those associated with . and . had the lowest richness and diversity, respectively. Analysis of β-diversity showed clear differentiation in the assemblages associated with . , . , and . , but not between closely related species, including . and . and . and . . A core mycobiome was not statistically identified; however, the genus was shared among seven beetle species. Interpretation of a tanglegram suggests evolutionary congruence between fungal assemblages and species of the . complex. The presence of different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the same genus in assemblages from species of the . complex outlines the complexity of molecular networks, with the most complex assemblages identified from . , . , . , and . . Analysis of functional variation of fungal assemblages indicated multiple trophic groupings, symbiotroph/saprotroph guilds represented with the highest frequency (∼31% of identified genera). These findings improve our knowledge about the diversity of mycetangial communities in species of the . complex and suggest that minimal apparently specific assemblages are maintained and regulated within mycetangia.
PubMed: 36187976
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969230 -
Cureus Nov 2021A 28-year-old farmer with class IV lupus nephritis presented with a two-week history of a right shin lesion. The lesion was purple in color, fungating, and indurated...
A 28-year-old farmer with class IV lupus nephritis presented with a two-week history of a right shin lesion. The lesion was purple in color, fungating, and indurated with a focus of deep ulceration at the inferior pole and punctate, bleeding from its surface. Three months earlier, he was started on induction immunosuppression for a relapse of his lupus nephritis. Since the diagnosis of lupus nephritis, nine years previously, he had had six flares of his disease and had been treated at different time points with cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and high-dose corticosteroids, without adverse events. Laboratory investigations showed improving kidney function (chronic kidney disease [CKD] stage IV) with reducing proteinuria, on his current immunosuppressive regimen. The differential diagnosis for this lesion was calciphylaxis, pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitic lesion, or an infection. Histology and microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of He was treated with a combination of isavuconazole, reduction of his immunosuppressive agents, excision of the lesion, and skin grafting.
PubMed: 34912648
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19512 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2021Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is aggressive morbidity affecting immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may allow secondary fungal...
BACKGROUND
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is aggressive morbidity affecting immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may allow secondary fungal disease through a propensity to cause respiratory infection by affecting the immune system leading to dysregulation and reduced numbers of T lymphocytes, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells, altering the innate immunity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) in COVID-19 patients.
METHODOLOGY
Data for acute invasive rhinosinusitis was obtained from the Otorhinolaryngology departments at our tertiary hospital at the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Then the risk factors of comorbid diseases and fungal types between post-COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups regarding the incidence of AIFRS are compared.
RESULTS
Consequently, the incidence of AIFRS showed a more significant difference (P < 0.05) in post-COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 especially in immunocompromised patients, diabetic, renal, and liver dysfunction patients as well as patients with risk factors of AIFRS. The most common organisms affecting patients with AIFRS are Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Absidia mucor.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of AIFRS is markedly prominent in post-COVID-19 patients than in those of non-COVID-19, especially in immunocompromised, diabetic, renal, and liver dysfunction patients and patients with risk factors for rhinosinusitis.
Topics: Absidia; Acute Disease; Aged; Aspergillus fumigatus; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; COVID-19; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunocompromised Host; Incidence; Invasive Fungal Infections; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinitis; Rhizopus oryzae; Risk Factors; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 34022619
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103080 -
Mycoscience 2021is a new species described in the genus after screening 16 strains of isolated from seven locations in the state of Victoria in Australia After initial analysis of...
is a new species described in the genus after screening 16 strains of isolated from seven locations in the state of Victoria in Australia After initial analysis of the large ribosomal subunit sequence, the genomes of representative strains from two clades were sequenced using short paired-reads. Additional taxonomic markers extracted from the genome sequencing data support the novelty of . The identification of a new species in the genus , from a relatively small collection of isolates, hints at an unexplored diversity in the early diverging lineages of fungi in Australia.
PubMed: 37089463
DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.06.001