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Gaceta Sanitaria 2018To learn about children's perception of the causes and prevention strategies involved in school accidents.
OBJECTIVE
To learn about children's perception of the causes and prevention strategies involved in school accidents.
METHOD
The sample included 584 school children aged 8-9 years from Navarra. A mixed design was chosen by questionnaire with three open-response questions and one multiple-choice assessment. Analysis was performed in two phases: 1) qualitative development of categories and dimensions of the responses of narrative content, and 2) quantitative variables for recoding correlational analysis.
RESULTS
22 categories emerged, which make up three perceptual dimensions: 1) attribution of causality (5), 2) identification of mechanisms of avoidance (11), and 3) development of coping strategies (6). The correlation intra-variables portray varying degrees: on the one hand, moderate positive numbers (r>0.5) in allocating and identifying causality avoidance mechanisms and, on the other hand, high positive correlation values (r>0.7) referred to developing coping strategies.
DISCUSSION
Children are able to identify accidents as a health problem. They question the multiplicity of elements involved and relate the origin and kind of accident to prevention and support mechanisms.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accident Proneness; Causality; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Psychology, Child; Qualitative Research; School Health Services; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 27816229
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.007 -
British Medical Journal Dec 1978
Review
Topics: Accident Proneness; Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driver Examination; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain; Female; Humans; Male; Perception; Risk-Taking
PubMed: 365290
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Nov 2018The number of individuals transitioning from correctional facilities to community in later life (age ≥50 ) is increasing. We sought to determine if later-life prison...
OBJECTIVE
The number of individuals transitioning from correctional facilities to community in later life (age ≥50 ) is increasing. We sought to determine if later-life prison release is a risk factor for suicidal behavior and death by accidental injury, including drug overdose.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Medicare healthcare systems, 2012-2014.
PARTICIPANTS
Veterans age ≥50 released from correctional facilities (N = 7,671 re-entry veterans) and those never incarcerated (N = 7,671).
METHODS
Dates of suicide attempt and cause-specific mortality defined using the National Suicide Prevention Applications Network and the National Suicide Data Repository, respectively.
RESULTS
Later-life prison release was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (599.7 versus 134.7 per 100,000 per year; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-5.32; p < 0.001, Wald χ = 31.58, degrees of freedom [df] = 1), death by drug overdose (121.7 versus 43.5; adjusted HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.37-8.73; p = 0.009, Wald χ = 6.86, df = 1), and other accidental injury (126.0 versus 39.1; adjusted HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.28-7.69; p = 0.013, Wald χ = 6.25, df = 1), adjusting for homelessness, traumatic brain injury, medical and psychiatric conditions, and accounting for competing risk of other deaths. Suicide mortality rates were observed as nonsignificant between re-entry veterans and those never incarcerated (30.4 versus 17.4, respectively; adjusted HR 2.40; 95% CI 0.51-11.24; p = 0.266, Wald χ = 1.23, df = 1).
CONCLUSION
Older re-entry veterans are at considerable risk of attempting suicide and dying by drug overdose or other accidental injury. This study highlights importance of prevention and intervention efforts targeting later-life prison-to-community care transitions.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prisoners; Residence Characteristics; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 30146371
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.07.004 -
Industrial Health Oct 2008Behavior models have provided an accident proneness concept based on life change unit (LCU) factors. This paper describes the development of a Korean Life Change Unit...
Behavior models have provided an accident proneness concept based on life change unit (LCU) factors. This paper describes the development of a Korean Life Change Unit (KLCU) model for workers and managers in fatal accident areas, as well as an evaluation of its application. Results suggest that death of parents is the highest stress-giving factor for employees of small and medium sized industries a rational finding the viewpoint of Korean culture. The next stress-giving factors were shown to be the death of a spouse or loved ones, followed by the death of close family members, the death of close friends, changes of family members' health, unemployment, and jail terms. It turned out that these factors have a serious effect on industrial accidents and work-related diseases. The death of parents and close friends are ranked higher in the KLCU model than that of Western society. Crucial information for industrial accident prevention in real fields will be provided and the provided information will be useful for safety management programs related to accident prevention.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Accidents, Occupational; Adult; Cultural Characteristics; Humans; Korea; Life Change Events; Models, Psychological; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult
PubMed: 18840937
DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.46.470 -
Journal of Travel Medicine 2003Travel health risks documented by questionnaire surveys obtained (e.g., during homebound flights) are incomplete since they miss most patients who need to be repatriated.
BACKGROUND
Travel health risks documented by questionnaire surveys obtained (e.g., during homebound flights) are incomplete since they miss most patients who need to be repatriated.
METHODS
All patient claim files were reviewed from 1997 to 1998, of the largest Swiss travel insurance company.
RESULTS
Among 242 claims, 69.4% were due to illness, 30.6% due to accidents; infections were the most frequent illnesses, the extremities were the most frequently traumatized part of the body. Although the illness-to-accident ratio was 1:5 in industrialized countries and the Caribbean, it exceeded 3:0 in some developing regions. Accident proneness was noted in the first week abroad.
CONCLUSION
Even if no denominator data are available, this analysis offers an insight in travel health risks, allowing comparison of the occurrences of very different, serious, health problems abroad.
Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Insurance; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Seasons; Sex Distribution; Switzerland; Time; Travel
PubMed: 12757694
DOI: 10.2310/7060.2003.35770 -
Europa Medicophysica Sep 2006With this study we wanted to determine the incidence, characteristics and consequences of falls in our rehabilitation setting.
AIM
With this study we wanted to determine the incidence, characteristics and consequences of falls in our rehabilitation setting.
METHODS
An observational study was carried out in a rehabilitation setting for postacute orthopedic and neurological inpatients. Three-hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. Falls risk factors (Downton index [DI] and other known parameters), disability (functional independence measure [FIM]) and balance (Berg balance scale [BBS]) were assessed at admission. Falls that occurred during the rehabilitation stay were prospectively classified (St. Louis Older Adult Service and Information System [OASIS] system) and analyzed.
RESULTS
Forty patients experienced a fall (12.5%). The faller group was characterized by a major clinical complexity; 70% of fallers were neurological patients and 30% presented cognitive impairment (mini mental state examination [MMSE] <24). They presented a statistically significant worse score on FIM (motor and cognitive), BBS and DI at admission, with 74% predictability of falls as measured by total FIM score and age. Falls recorded with the OASIS classification showed a prevalence (52.5%) for not bipedal (wheelchair transfer) and self-generated falls; 35% were intrinsic falls (caused by subject-specific factors) and 12.5% extrinsic falls (caused by environmental factors). Falls resulted in only minor clinical consequences, except for one rib fracture, but led to a significant increase in length of stay.
CONCLUSIONS
In a rehabilitation centre, for good management of resources and safe prescriptions of a patient's independence in activities of daily living, fall risk is better evaluated with appropriate scales.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Accidental Falls; Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Incidence; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Postural Balance; Rehabilitation Centers; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 17039213
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... May 2006To test the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to reduce functional difficulties, fear of falling, and home hazards and enhance self-efficacy and adaptive coping... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To test the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to reduce functional difficulties, fear of falling, and home hazards and enhance self-efficacy and adaptive coping in older adults with chronic conditions.
DESIGN
A prospective, two-group, randomized trial. Participants were randomized to a treatment group or no-treatment group.
SETTING
Urban community-living older people.
PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred nineteen community-living adults aged 70 and older who reported difficulty with one or more activities of daily living.
INTERVENTION
Occupational and physical therapy sessions involving home modifications and training in their use; instruction in strategies of problem-solving, energy conservation, safe performance, and fall recovery techniques; and balance and muscle strength training.
MEASUREMENTS
Outcome measures included self-rated functional difficulties with ambulation, instrumental activities of daily living, activities of daily living, fear of falling, confidence performing daily tasks, and use of adaptive strategies. Observations of home hazards were also conducted.
RESULTS
At 6 months, intervention participants had less difficulty than controls with instrumental activities of daily living (P=.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.28-0.00) and activities of daily living (P=.03, 95% CI=-0.24 to -0.01), with largest reductions in bathing (P=.02, 95% CI=-0.52 to -0.06) and toileting (P=.049, 95% CI=-0.35-0.00). They also had greater self-efficacy (P=.03, 95% CI=0.02-0.27), less fear of falling (P=.001, 95% CI=0.26-0.96), fewer home hazards (P=.05, 95% CI=-3.06-0.00), and greater use of adaptive strategies (P=.009, 95% CI=0.03-0.22). Benefits were sustained at 12 months for most outcomes.
CONCLUSION
A multicomponent intervention targeting modifiable environmental and behavioral factors results in life quality improvements in community-dwelling older people who had functional difficulties, with most benefits retained over a year.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Environment Design; Fear; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Home Care Services; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Occupational Therapy; Physical Therapy Modalities; Prospective Studies; Self Efficacy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 16696748
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00703.x -
Clinical Psychopharmacology and... Feb 2021Psychiatric side effects of oseltamivir can result in accident-proneness and suicide. Reportedly, such adverse psychiatric events are more common in children than in...
Psychiatric side effects of oseltamivir can result in accident-proneness and suicide. Reportedly, such adverse psychiatric events are more common in children than in adults, but other risk factors are not known. We present a 13-year-old girl with influenza infection who developed manic symptoms after taking oseltamivir and receiving the human papillomavirus vaccination. While other research has found that psychiatric side effects associated with oseltamivir generally occur within 48 hours after beginning administration, in this case the manic symptoms developed on the fourth day after cessation of 5-day course of oseltamivir administration. Based on our review of this case, we recommend that clinicians should carry out vigilant monitoring of each patient's mental state when the patient is young, has a family history of psychiatric disorder, has drug sensitivity and has received medical treatments such as vaccination before or after taking oseltamivir. In addition, as side effects of oseltamivir may occur more than 48 hours after administration, it will be necessary to observe patients for several days after the prescription of oseltamivir.
PubMed: 33508801
DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.166 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Jun 1986Data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study have been used to describe rates of accident repetition for children aged under 5 years. As reflected by hospital admissions,...
Data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study have been used to describe rates of accident repetition for children aged under 5 years. As reflected by hospital admissions, accident rates for children who have already had one accident were approximately twice those of children of the same age and sex who had previously been accident free.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Child, Preschool; England; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Risk; Sex Factors
PubMed: 3746179
DOI: 10.1136/jech.40.2.170 -
Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo 2003The idea to monitor and research psychopathological responses of physically injured persons in a more systematic manner has come from our observation of huge differences...
The idea to monitor and research psychopathological responses of physically injured persons in a more systematic manner has come from our observation of huge differences in patient behavior, whose psychological responses were noticeably changed and often inappropriate. The behavior aberrations were all the more striking because we treated war-time injuries in addition to peacetime ones. Our sample had 175 patient subjects, of both sexes, different ages, marital status and professions. A group of 70 patients treated in the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology were divided into two subgroups. The first experimental subgroup (E1) consisted of 26 (37.1%) patients physically injured in combat. The second subgroup (E2) had 44 (62.9%) patients physically injured in peacetime circumstances (car accidents, work accidents, etc). The physical injuries encompassed injuries to spinal column and extremities. The control (K) consisted of 105 subjects without physical injuries. The clinical picture and psychological reactions of the patients were examined by means of 4 instruments--PTSD-10 scale or posttraumatic symptoms scale [1], Family Homogeneity Index/FHI/with 19 variables, applied to measure the relation between the family system homogeneity and accident effects [2], Short Eysenck's Personality Inventory applied to investigate neuroticism and extroversion and introversion traits [3], Late Effects of Accidental Injury Questionnaire [4]. Our observations of psychological responses of patients in our ward (insomnia, sedatives intake) were mostly confirmed by tests conducted with the above instruments. In the group of the wartime injured (E1), as well as in the control (K), Eysenck's scale proved a significantly higher degree of neuroticism in comparison to the peacetime injured. Such results indicated that the wartime injured would most probably develop the picture of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Such a conclusion was related not only to the seriousness of injuries but also to the circumstances of their occurrence. The proneness to develop PTSD symptoms was not in correlation with the preparedness for accident, it being much poorer in peace-time injuries, as opposed to wartime patients, who had been prepared to the possibility of injury occurrence. The highest value of family homogeneity (FHI) was established in the wartime injured, which led us to conclude that the injury contributed to the cohesion of the family from which the patient came. By extracting some questions related to psychopathological entities such as insomnia, depression, somatization, anxiety, and cognitive disorders, the following results were obtained. Depression was the most frequent in both groups of injuries. Anxiety was also present in the control group; and insomnia and somatization, that is, conversion symptoms, were present in both groups of the injured. By examining narrower psychological characteristics of the wartime injured revealed dissociation problems--derangement to be the most frequent. Then follow the symptoms of depression, which occur significantly more frequently in the wartime injured in comparison to the peacetime injured. The phenomenological symptoms of derangement and depression proved to be reliable parameters of physical trauma. It is also significant that the three characteristics showed correlation to psychopathological responses: severity of surgery, paralysis, and acute injury.
Topics: Accidents; Humans; Mental Disorders; Orthopedic Procedures; Personality Inventory; Psychological Tests; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Warfare; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 14692144
DOI: 10.2298/sarh0308306l