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Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Mar 2022The role of species in lung disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize isolated from persons with cystic fibrosis and from other clinical...
The role of species in lung disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize isolated from persons with cystic fibrosis and from other clinical samples. Whole genome sequences from 101 isolates were determined (81 from patients with cystic fibrosis and 20 from other patients) and analysed. Taxonomic analysis showed nine species including two putative novel species. Thirty-five novel sequence types were present. The most active agent was co-trimoxazole followed by imipenem, but Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were high. Acquired antibiotic resistance genes were rare. Their presence did not correlate with minimal inhibitory concentrations suggesting that other mechanisms are involved. Genes for proposed virulence factors were present in only some isolates. Two putative novel species were identified. The putative virulence properties of involved in infections are variable. Despite the high MICs, acquired resistance genes are uncommon.
Topics: Achromobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35730434
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbs1402009 -
Microbial Genomics Jul 2021species are increasingly being detected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, where they can establish chronic infections by adapting to the lower airway environment. To...
species are increasingly being detected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, where they can establish chronic infections by adapting to the lower airway environment. To better understand the mechanisms contributing to a successful colonization by species, we sequenced the whole genome of 54 isolates from 26 patients with occasional and early/late chronic lung infection. We performed a phylogenetic analysis and compared virulence and resistance genes, genetic variants and mutations, and hypermutability mechanisms between chronic and occasional isolates. We identified five species as well as two non-affiliated genogroups (NGs). Among them were the frequently isolated and four other species whose clinical importance is not yet clear: and . While and were isolated only from chronically infected patients and only from occasionally infected patients, the other species were found in both groups. Most of the occasional isolates lacked functional genes involved in invasiveness, chemotaxis, type 3 secretion system and anaerobic growth, whereas the great majority (>60%) of chronic isolates had these genomic features. Interestingly, almost all (=22/23) late chronic isolates lacked functional genes involved in lipopolysaccharide production. Regarding antibiotic resistance, we observed a species-specific distribution of genes, confirming what has been reported in the literature and additionally identifying in some isolates and observing no genes in or NGs. No significant difference in resistance genes was found between chronic and occasional isolates. The results of the mutator genes analysis showed that no occasional isolate had hypermutator characteristics, while 60% of early chronic (<1 year from first colonization) and 78% of late chronic (>1 year from first colonization) isolates were classified as hypermutators. Although all and NG isolates presented two different genes, these seem to have a complementary rather than compensatory function. In conclusion, our results show that species can exhibit different adaptive mechanisms and some of these mechanisms might be more useful than others in establishing a chronic infection in CF patients, highlighting their importance for the clinical setting and the need for further studies on the less clinically characterized species.
Topics: Achromobacter; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lung; MutS Proteins; Persistent Infection; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34292148
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000606 -
Inflammation Research : Official... Dec 2022Our research aimed to investigate the role of CD14 in pulmonary infection by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an experimental murine model.
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN
Our research aimed to investigate the role of CD14 in pulmonary infection by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an experimental murine model.
METHODS
C57Bl/6 or CD14-deficient mice were infected intratracheally with non-lethal inoculum of A. xylosoxidans. At times 1, 3 and 7 days after infection, lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood were collected. CD14 gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. The bacterial load in the lungs was assessed by counting colony forming units (CFU). Cytokines, chemokines, lipocalin-2 and sCD14 were quantified by the ELISA method. Inflammatory infiltrate was observed on histological sections stained with HE, and leukocyte subtypes were assessed by flow cytometry. In another set of experiments, C57Bl/6 or CD14-deficient mice were inoculated with lethal inoculum and the survival rate determined.
RESULTS
CD14-deficient mice are protected from A. xylosoxidans-induced death, which is unrelated to bacterial load. The lungs of CD14-deficient mice presented a smaller area of tissue damage, less neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, less pulmonary edema, and a lower concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL3 when compared with lungs of C57Bl/6 mice. We also observed that A. xylosoxidans infection increases the number of leukocytes expressing mCD14 and the levels of sCD14 in BALF and serum of C57Bl/6-infected mice.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, our data show that in A. xylosoxidans infection, the activation of CD14 induces intense pulmonary inflammatory response resulting in mice death.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Achromobacter denitrificans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Lung; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pneumonia; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 36280620
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01641-8 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Phoma stem canker (caused by the ascomycetes Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa) is an important disease of oilseed rape. Its effect on endophyte...
Phoma stem canker (caused by the ascomycetes Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa) is an important disease of oilseed rape. Its effect on endophyte communities in roots and shoots and the potential of endophytes to promote growth and control diseases of oilseed rape (OSR) was investigated. Phoma stem canker had a large effect especially on fungal but also on bacterial endophyte communities. Dominant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, followed by Enterobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Achromobacter, Pectobacter and Sphingobacterium were isolated only from diseased plants, though in very small numbers. The fungal genera Cladosporium, Botrytis and Torula were dominant in healthy plants whereas Alternaria, Fusarium and Basidiomycetes (Vishniacozyma, Holtermaniella, Bjerkandera/Thanatephorus) occurred exclusively in diseased plants. Remarkably, Leptosphaeria biglobosa could be isolated in large numbers from shoots of both healthy and diseased plants. Plant growth promoting properties (antioxidative activity, P-solubilisation, production of phytohormones and siderophores) were widespread in OSR endophytes. Although none of the tested bacterial endophytes (Achromobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Stenotrophomonas) promoted growth of oilseed rape under P-limiting conditions or controlled Phoma disease on oilseed rape cotyledons, they significantly reduced incidence of Sclerotinia disease. In the field, a combined inoculum consisting of Achromobacter piechaudii, two pseudomonads and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila tendencially increased OSR yield and reduced Phoma stem canker.
Topics: Achromobacter; Ascomycota; Brassica napus; Disease Resistance; Endophytes; Mycobiome; Phoma; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Stenotrophomonas
PubMed: 33589671
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81937-7 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2020spp. are recognized as emerging pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Though recent works have established species-level identification using sequencing,...
spp. are recognized as emerging pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Though recent works have established species-level identification using sequencing, there is a dearth in knowledge relating to species-level antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial combinations, which hampers the use of optimal antimicrobial combinations for the treatment of chronic infections. The aims of this study were to (i) identify at species-level referred isolates, (ii) describe species-level antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and (iii) determine the most promising antimicrobial combination for chronic infections. A total of 112 multidrug-resistant (MDR) species isolates from 39 patients were identified using sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility and combination testing were carried out using the Etest method. We detected six species of and found that was the most prevalent species. Interestingly, sequence analysis showed it was responsible for persistent infection (18/28 patients), followed by (2/3 patients). Piperacillin-tazobactam (70.27%) and co-trimoxazole (69.72%) were the most active antimicrobials. Differences were observed in species-level susceptibility to ceftazidime, carbapenems, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and tetracycline. Antimicrobial combinations with co-trimoxazole or tobramycin demonstrate the best synergy, while co-trimoxazole gave the best susceptibility breakpoint index values. This study enriches the understanding of MDR spp. epidemiology and confirms prevalence and chronic colonization of in CF lungs. It presents data to support the efficacy of new combinations for use in the treatment of chronic infections.
Topics: Achromobacter; Achromobacter denitrificans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 32816722
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01467-20 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect... (Review)
Review
species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect immunocompromised patients but so far with limited evidence. We conducted a systematic review on spp. surgical site infections (SSIs) to determine if such infections were indeed more commonly associated with immunocompromised patients. The secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of infected patients. Eligible articles had to be published before 30 September 2020 and to report spp. SSIs across all surgical specialties excluding ophthalmology. Analyses were performed on individual data without meta-analysis. Cases were divided into 2 subgroups: one group which had either prosthesis or implant and the other group which did not. A first selection led to a review of 94 articles, of which 37 were analyzed. All were case reports or case series and corresponded to 49 infected patients. Most of the patients were under 65 years of age and had undergone a heart or digestive surgery followed by deep infection with no co-infecting pathogens. Nine out of the 49 cases were immunocompromised, with similar distribution between the two subgroups (16.6% and 20%, respectively). This review suggests that spp. SSIs do not preferentially target immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 34946073
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122471 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2022In the last decade Achromobacter spp. has been associated with chronic colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although Achromobacter xylosoxidans is the...
In the last decade Achromobacter spp. has been associated with chronic colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although Achromobacter xylosoxidans is the most frequent species recovered within this genus, other species such as A. ruhlandii have also been reported in these patients. Descriptions of mobile elements are scarce in Achromobacter and none of them have been originated in A. ruhlandii. The aim of this study was to report the full characterization of a plasmid which was maintained in four clonally related A. ruhlandii isolates. Between 2013 and 2015, nine A. ruhlandii isolates were recovered from a pediatric patient with CF at a hospital in Buenos Aires. Four selected clonally related isolates were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq, annotated using RAST and manually curated. The presence of a unique plasmid of 34096-bp and 50 CDS was observed in the four isolates, displaying only 1 nucleotide substitution translated into one amino acid change among them. These plasmids have a class 1 integron containing the aac-(6')-Ib gene, a mercury resistance operon region and the relE/stbE toxin/antitoxin system. Plasmids showed 79% similarity and 99% identity with pmatvim-7 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the first full description and characterization of a plasmid from A. ruhlandii which was maintained over time.
Topics: Achromobacter; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Plasmids
PubMed: 33896603
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.01.005 -
Chronic Respiratory Disease 2021Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare congenital disease with defective mucociliary clearance causing frequent and often persistent pulmonary infections....
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare congenital disease with defective mucociliary clearance causing frequent and often persistent pulmonary infections. Achromobacter species are opportunistic pathogens renowned for the difficulty of effective treatments and deteriorating effects on lung function. We aimed to describe the occurrence, treatment, and rate of successful eradication of Achromobacter species in patients with PCD. We retrospectively reviewed 18 years of historical microbiological samples and 10 years of electronic health records for PCD patients in Denmark. We included 136 patients. Twenty-six patients had isolates of Achromobacter species. On average, 5% of the cohort had at least one annual isolate. Infections became persistent in 38% with a median length of 6.6 years leading to a significant number of antibiotic treatments. Resistance toward tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was prevalent. Overall, successful eradication was achieved in 62% of patients. We found the course of lung function significantly worse during persistent infection than during the two preceding years, but not different to the course in unaffected age-matched controls. The prevalence of Achromobacter species in patients with PCD is in line with what has been reported in cystic fibrosis and can occur transiently, intermittently, or develop into a serious persistent lung infection associated with long-term antibiotic treatment.
Topics: Achromobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34854775
DOI: 10.1177/14799731211061600 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2022Achromobacter spp. are increasingly recognized as emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients or suffering cystic fibrosis, but unusual in immunocompetent hosts or...
Achromobacter spp. are increasingly recognized as emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients or suffering cystic fibrosis, but unusual in immunocompetent hosts or individuals that underwent surgery. In this study we describe two simultaneous events attributable to two different Achromobacter spp. contaminated sources. One event was related to an episode of pseudo-bacteremia due to sodium citrate blood collection tubes contaminated with Achromobacter insuavis and the other to Achromobacter genogroup 20 infection and colonization caused by an intrinsically contaminated chlorhexidine soap solution. Both threatened the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Molecular approaches were critical to achieving the accurate species identification and to assess the clonal relationship, strengthening the need for dedicated, multidisciplinary and collaborative work of microbiologists, specialists in infectious diseases, epidemiologists and nurses in the control of infections to clarify these epidemiological situations.
Topics: Achromobacter; Chlorhexidine; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Soaps; Sodium Citrate
PubMed: 35012807
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.10.004 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2021spp. are increasingly reported among cystic fibrosis patients. Genotyping requires time-consuming methods such as multilocus sequence typing or pulsed-field gel...
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Detection of Isolates Belonging to the Epidemic Clones Achromobacter xylosoxidans ST137 and Achromobacter ruhlandii DES from Cystic Fibrosis Patients.
spp. are increasingly reported among cystic fibrosis patients. Genotyping requires time-consuming methods such as multilocus sequence typing or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Therefore, data on the prevalence of multiresistant epidemic clones, especially A. xylosoxidans ST137 (AxST137) and the Danish epidemic strain (DES), are lacking. We recently developed and published a database for species identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS; Bruker Daltonics). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the MALDI-TOF MS to distinguish these multiresistant epidemic clones within species. All the spectra of A. xylosoxidans ( = 1,571) and ( = 174) used to build the local database were analyzed by ClinProTools, MALDI Biotyper PCA, MALDI Biotyper dendrogram, and flexAnalysis software for biomarker peak detection. Two hundred two isolates (including 48 isolates of AxST137 and 7 of DES) were tested. Specific biomarker peaks were identified: absent peak at 6,651 for AxST137 isolates and present peak at 9,438 for DES isolates. All tested isolates were well typed by our local database and clustered within distinct groups (ST137 or non-ST137 and DES or non-DES) no matter the MALDI-TOF software or only by simple visual inspection of the spectra by any user. The use of MALDI-TOF MS allowed us to identify isolates of A. xylosoxidans belonging to the AxST137 clone that spread in France and Belgium (the Belgian epidemic clone) and of belonging to the DES clone. This tool will help the implementation of segregation measures to avoid interpatient transmission of these resistant clones.
Topics: Achromobacter; Achromobacter denitrificans; Clone Cells; Cystic Fibrosis; Epidemics; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 34346714
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00946-21