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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Apr 2017Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a symptomatic disease classification of many causes and is a major economic burden worldwide. It is widely accepted that RS is further classified... (Review)
Review
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a symptomatic disease classification of many causes and is a major economic burden worldwide. It is widely accepted that RS is further classified into acute (ARS) and chronic (CRS) rhinosinusitis based on the duration of the symptoms, and that viral infection plays a large role in initiating or potentiating the disease. In this review, we examine the role of respiratory virus infection in the exacerbation of ARS and CRS. We explore the epidemiology of viral exacerbation of ARS and CRS and highlight key viruses that may cause exacerbation. We also review the current understanding of viral infections in the upper airway to further explain the putative underlying mechanisms of inflammatory events in ARS and CRS exacerbation. Advances in accurate diagnosis of the etiologic respiratory viruses of ARS and CRS symptoms which can lead to better disease management are also surveyed. In addition to the current treatments which provide symptomatic relief, we also explore the potential of harnessing existing antiviral strategies to prevent ARS and CRS exacerbation, especially with improved viral diagnostic tools to guide accurate prescription of antivirals against causative respiratory viruses.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 28389843
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0693-2 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2023The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz &...
OBJECTIVE
The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability.
METHODS
Clinical data and CT scan findings of patients with orbital infection were retrospectively collected. To compare the three classification systems, we revised and graded all CT images accordingly, and divided the patients into four groups: Eyelid cellulitis (EC), orbital cellulitis (OC), subperiosteal abscess (SA), and orbital abscess (OA). The groups were compared regarding the presence of sinus opacification, the need for hospitalization and/or surgical treatment, and the presence of further complications/sequelae.
RESULTS
143 patients were included. The median number of sinuses involved in patients in the OC, SA, and OA groups was 2.0. ARS was rarely associated with signs of EC (present in both Chandler's and Mortimore & Wormald's classifications. The hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the EC group compared to the other three groups. Surgery was performed in all cases in the OA group, in 58.1% in the SA group, 19.4% in the OC group, and 12.5% in the EC group (p-value < 0.0001). Complications were present at higher rates in the OA group compared to the other three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
ARS was rarely associated with Eyelid Cellulitis. The stratification in the other three groups showed to be clinically relevant. Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Abscess; Rhinitis; Orbital Cellulitis; Sinusitis; Acute Disease; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 37678009
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101316 -
American Family Physician Nov 2009Saline nasal irrigation is an adjunctive therapy for upper respiratory conditions that bathes the nasal cavity with spray or liquid saline. Nasal irrigation with liquid... (Review)
Review
Saline nasal irrigation is an adjunctive therapy for upper respiratory conditions that bathes the nasal cavity with spray or liquid saline. Nasal irrigation with liquid saline is used to manage symptoms associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Less conclusive evidence supports the use of spray and liquid saline nasal irrigation to manage symptoms of mild to moderate allergic rhinitis and acute upper respiratory tract infections. Consensus guidelines recommend saline nasal irrigation as a treatment for a variety of other conditions, including rhinitis of pregnancy and acute rhinosinusitis. Saline nasal irrigation appears safe, with no reported serious adverse events. Minor adverse effects can be avoided with technique modification and salinity adjustment.
Topics: Humans; Nasal Cavity; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Sodium Chloride; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 19904896
DOI: No ID Found -
International Archives of... Apr 2020Although computed tomography scanning is the most common method for the diagnosis of sinusitis today, X-ray imaging is still used in outpatient clinics. Because...
Although computed tomography scanning is the most common method for the diagnosis of sinusitis today, X-ray imaging is still used in outpatient clinics. Because X-ray imaging is beneficial for patients with severe sinusitis but not for those with mild sinusitis, an alternative method to visualize sinusitis without X-ray imaging is desirable. To study the possibility of using thermography to visualize sinusitis. In the present study, heat distribution on the faces of individuals with and without sinusitis was studied using thermography. Overall, 10 control subjects and 20 patients with sinusitis were included. Original thermography data were cropped, resized, and converted to relative thermography data based on the average temperature for visualization and statistical analysis. The shape of the maxillary and/or frontal sinuses was determined based on regions indicating increased temperature in patients with sinusitis. The region with increasing temperature was statistically visualized, and the significant side ( test, < 0.05) coincided with the maxillary shadow on X-ray imaging. Thermography demonstrates visually the correlation between the surface temperature of the face and inflammation patterns in the paranasal sinus. Therefore, our comparative study using thermography to visually differentiate individuals with and without sinusitis was effective, indicating that thermography is a possible alternative to X-ray imaging to detect sinusitis.
PubMed: 32256844
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698778 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Jun 2020Due to their strong, multidirectional anti-inflammatory activity, intranasal glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment in rhinosinusitis, including acute...
INTRODUCTION
Due to their strong, multidirectional anti-inflammatory activity, intranasal glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment in rhinosinusitis, including acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, as well as allergic rhinitis. Owing to its high systemic safety and high anti-inflammatory efficacy, mometasone furoate - a new-generation intranasal glucocorticoid - was approved in 2019 as an over-the-counter medication for Polish patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Scientific societies and expert groups recommend the use of intranasal glucocorticoids in a much broader range of indications. In February 2020, an updated version of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS 2020) was published.
AIM
This article discusses the role of nasal glucocorticoids in regimens used in the treatment of nasal sinusitis as published in EPOS 2020 with Polish country-specific realities being taken into account.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Nasal Sprays; Poland; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 32759390
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.2449 -
Medscape Journal of Medicine Apr 2008Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an inflammatory condition of the contiguous nasal and paranasal sinuses that is accompanied by a viral or bacterial infection. Controlling the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an inflammatory condition of the contiguous nasal and paranasal sinuses that is accompanied by a viral or bacterial infection. Controlling the inflammation will attenuate many of the symptoms of RS, including nasal blockage discharge, facial discomfort, headache, and hyposmia, and promote the clearance of the infectious agent.
OBJECTIVE
The objective is to review the efficacy of symptomatic treatment with intranasal corticosteroids (INS) for the inflammatory component of acute, recurrent, or chronic RS in adults and children.
DATA SOURCES
Published English-language articles identified in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
STUDY SELECTION
Only studies about clinical trials that were randomized, double-blind, and controlled for either placebo or active comparator were selected as valid evidence of the efficacy and tolerability of symptomatic treatment. Studies of INS use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with an antibiotic were consulted.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data from clinical studies included size of patient population, efficacy endpoints, systemic and topical adverse events, and criteria for confirming a diagnosis of RS.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Data showed that INS improved many of the symptoms of RS, including nasal blockage and purulence, facial discomfort, and headache. Significant improvement compared with placebo was demonstrated in most studies in adults and children with acute RS and in adults with recurrent or chronic RS, whether INS were used as monotherapy or adjunctive treatment. INS were shown to be well tolerated in all of these studies.
CONCLUSION
INS reduce local inflammation and improve drainage, effects that are critical to the resolution of acute RS.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Distribution; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Rhinitis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sinusitis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18504478
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2018This study was conducted to assess the effect of comorbidity, ethnicity, occupation, smoking and place of residence on allergic rhinitis (AR), acute rhinosinusitis (ARS)...
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to assess the effect of comorbidity, ethnicity, occupation, smoking and place of residence on allergic rhinitis (AR), acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
METHODS
A GA2LEN (The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) screening questionnaire was sent to a random sample of the Dutch population (n = 16700) in three different areas of the Netherlands.
RESULTS
Fifty percent (8347) of the questionnaires sent were returned. A total of 29% respondents (27-31% in different areas) met the criteria for AR, 18% (17-21%) for ARS and 16% (13-18%) for CRS. Risk factors for AR were itchy rash, eczema, adverse response after taking a painkiller, asthma, CRS and ARS. Moreover, the risk of AR was twice as low for full-time housewives/househusbands than for people with jobs. The risk of ARS or CRS was significantly higher in respondents with a doctor's diagnosis of CRS, AR, itchy rash or smoking. The risk of CRS was also significantly higher in respondents with an adverse response after taking painkillers, active smoking or asthma. Caucasians are generally less likely to have AR or CRS than Latin-Americans, Hindustani and African-Creoles, and more likely to have ARS than Asian, Hindustani, Mediterranean and African-Creoles.
CONCLUSIONS
This study found shared and distinct risk factors for AR, ARS and CRS and therefore provides support for the belief that they have shared symptoms but are different diseases with different aetiologies.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29401486
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192330 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Dec 2021Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a very common condition and mostly of viral origin. About 0.5-2% of the viral ARS are complicated by a bacterial infection. Due to viral...
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a very common condition and mostly of viral origin. About 0.5-2% of the viral ARS are complicated by a bacterial infection. Due to viral etiology and inflammatory mechanisms of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, symptomatic treatment including phytotherapy have been used for their treatment for decades. Scientific societies and expert groups recommend the use of herbal medicines in acute viral and acute post-viral rhinosinusitis. In 2021, Polish patients gained access to a new therapeutic option for acute sinusitis in the form of a drug containing a distillate of a mixture of rectified essential oils of eucalyptus, sweet orange, myrtle and lemon common.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phytotherapy; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 35380116
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.7094 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant public health problem. Bacterial colonization and impaired mucociliary clearance play a significant role in the... (Review)
Review
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant public health problem. Bacterial colonization and impaired mucociliary clearance play a significant role in the inflammatory process. Several inflammatory pathways and host defense elements are altered in CRS, which may contribute to observed differences in the microbiome. To date, researching CRS has been difficult due to limited access to the studied tissue and a lack of available biomarkers. Ongoing scientific research is increasingly based on simple and objective analytical methods, including sensors, detection with PCR, and sequencing. Future research on microbiota and human factors should also include genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches. This report analyzes the changes that occur in the paranasal sinuses of people with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, the composition of the microbiota, the human genetic markers that may shed light on the predisposition to CRS, and the advantages and disadvantages of classical and molecular diagnostic methods, as well as addressing the difficulties of sinusitis treatment.
Topics: Humans; Genetic Markers; Rhinosinusitis; Sinusitis; Paranasal Sinuses; Chronic Disease; Rhinitis
PubMed: 38542175
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063201 -
Annals of Family Medicine 2012
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Sinusitis
PubMed: 22585881
DOI: 10.1370/afm.1395