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Viruses Dec 2021Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer... (Review)
Review
Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse "CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors" (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Immunotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Promoter Regions, Genetic; SARS-CoV-2; Survivin; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34960772
DOI: 10.3390/v13122502 -
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Feb 2022Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been widely used as gene delivery vehicles in both gene therapy studies and basic studies for gene function analysis... (Review)
Review
Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been widely used as gene delivery vehicles in both gene therapy studies and basic studies for gene function analysis due to their highly advantageous properties, which include high transduction efficiencies, relatively large capacities for transgenes, and high titer production. In addition, Ad vectors induce moderate levels of innate immunity and have relatively high thermostability, making them very attractive as potential vaccine vectors. Accordingly, it is anticipated that Ad vectors will be used in vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, including Ebola virus disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much attention is currently focused on the potential use of an Ad vector vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we describe the basic properties of an Ad vector, Ad vector-induced innate immunity and immune responses to Ad vector-produced transgene products. Development of novel Ad vectors which can overcome the drawbacks of conventional Ad vector vaccines and clinical application of Ad vector vaccines to several infectious diseases are also discussed.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenovirus Vaccines; COVID-19; Communicable Diseases; Genetic Vectors; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines
PubMed: 34974335
DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100432 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious lethal infectious disease in swine that severely threatens the global pig industry. At present, a safe and...
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious lethal infectious disease in swine that severely threatens the global pig industry. At present, a safe and efficacious vaccine is urgently required to prevent and control the disease. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of replication-incompetent type-2 adenoviruses carrying African swine fever virus (ASFV) antigens, namely (p30), (p54), (CD2v), (p72), and (p72 chaperone). A vaccine cocktail delivered by simultaneous intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) administration robustly elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses against AFSV in mice and swine and provided highly effective protection against the circulating ASFV strain in farmed pigs. This multi-antigen cocktail vaccine was well tolerated in the vaccinated animals. No significant interference among antigens was observed. The combined IM and IN vaccination using this adenovirus-vectored antigen cocktail vaccine warrants further evaluation for providing safe and effective protection against ASFV infection and transmission.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Mice; African Swine Fever Virus; African Swine Fever; Adenoviridae; Adenovirus Vaccines; Antigens, Viral; Viral Vaccines; Adenoviridae Infections; Vaccination
PubMed: 37401832
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2233643 -
Annual Review of Medicine Jan 2022The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of... (Review)
Review
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34609905
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252 -
Viruses Apr 2022About two years have passed since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in China. The rapid spread of this virus all over the world and its high transmissibility and... (Review)
Review
About two years have passed since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in China. The rapid spread of this virus all over the world and its high transmissibility and pathogenicity in humans have resulted in a global pandemic. The negative impact of COVID-19 on health, society and the economy at the global level has pushed researchers and pharmaceutical companies to develop effective vaccines to fight SARS-CoV-2. Thanks to this collaborative effort, the first COVID-19 vaccine was developed in less than a year. Since then, several COVID-19 vaccines have been validated for use by the World Health Organization. Among these, mRNA- (BNT162b2 and mRNA1273) and adenovirus-based (ChAdOx1) vaccines were developed through the use of novel technologies. While all three of these vaccines have shown effectiveness against the COVID-19 disease and their immunogenicity was characterized in clinical trials in the general population, data on their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited. In this review, we provide a description of the characteristics of mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines and of the immune response elicited in the general population by vaccination. Then we describe the use of these vaccines and their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV and we conclude with a discussion regarding some open questions concerning the use of mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus Vaccines; BNT162 Vaccine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; RNA, Messenger; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination
PubMed: 35458478
DOI: 10.3390/v14040748 -
Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain... Dec 2020
Topics: Adenoviridae; Antibodies, Neutralizing; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Development; Humans; RNA, Messenger; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Inactivated
PubMed: 33096260
DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.006 -
Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the... Nov 2020
Topics: Adenovirus Vaccines; Animals; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 33065038
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.002 -
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India Jan 2019Despite the global efforts made to control tuberculosis (TB) and the large number of available new anti-TB drugs, TB still affects one-third of the world population. The... (Review)
Review
Despite the global efforts made to control tuberculosis (TB) and the large number of available new anti-TB drugs, TB still affects one-third of the world population. The conventional vaccine bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shows varying efficacy in different populations, and there are safety issues in immunocompromised patients. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for a new and better TB vaccine candidate than BCG. There are several alternate vaccines available for TB such as DNA, subunit, adjuvant, and live-attenuated vaccines. Use of auxotrophic vaccine is an emerging technology. Newer vaccine technologies include vaccine delivery methods such as adenovirus- and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vector delivery, chimeric monoclonal antibody, single-chain fragment variable, RNA-lipoplexes, and nanoparticle-based technology. Based on its application, TB vaccines are classified as conventional, prophylactic, booster, therapeutic, and reinfection preventive vaccines. Currently, there are 12 vaccine candidates in clinical trials. In this review, we have briefly discussed about each of these vaccines in different phases of clinical trials. These vaccines should be analyzed further for developing a safe and more efficacious vaccine for TB.
PubMed: 30705473
DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.12.013 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jun 2022
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenovirus Vaccines; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Thrombocytopenia; Vaccines
PubMed: 35701204
DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6806434