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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2011Aerococcus urinae has been described as resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), but the test medium may affect this observation. Twenty-seven clinical isolates...
Aerococcus urinae has been described as resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), but the test medium may affect this observation. Twenty-seven clinical isolates of A. urinae tested susceptible to SXT in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) plus lysed horse blood and resistant in CAMHB plus lysed sheep blood.
Topics: Aerococcus; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Drug Combinations; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hemolysis; Horses; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sheep; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 21918023
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.05535-11 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic...
Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic relevance and therapeutic interest. This cross-sectional descriptive study selected samples from clinical genitourinary episodes between January 2016 and December 2019 in which emerging microbiological agents were detected. The patients' epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, antibiotic treatment, and outcome were studied to identify their pathogenic role. The emerging microorganisms most frequently detected in urinary tract infections were (58.5%) and spp. (23.6%) in females and (32.3%), (18.6%), and spp. (16.9%) in males, while the most frequently detected in genital infections were (36.4%) in females and (32.2%) and spp. (35.6%) in males. All cases in female children were produced by Symptomatic episodes were more frequent with spp. and and the presence of leukocytosis more frequent with spp. Quinolones and doxycycline were most often prescribed antibiotics for genital infections and quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary infections. Urinary infection by spp. was more frequent in males of advanced age, spp. was more frequent in permanent vesical catheter carriers, and episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria by spp. were more frequent in patients with kidney transplant and chronic consumers of corticosteroid therapy. spp. should be considered in urinary infections of patients of advanced age and with a previous antibiotic load. Genital infection by spp. was significantly associated with a history of risky sexual relations.
PubMed: 37110339
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040915 -
Cancer Medicine Dec 2022High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or...
BACKGROUND
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or even cervical cancer. Although local excisional treatment can clear hrHPV infection and restore the cervicovaginal microbiota, it is unclear which cervicovaginal microbiota represents recovery. Our objective was to describe the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after treatments and to assess the association between the microbiota and HPV persistence.
RESULTS
A cohort of 91 participants was classified into four groups (healthy control women and HPV16-infected women with CIN I, CIN II/III, and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Endocervical swabs were collected 3 months prior to treatment and at 3 months post-treatment for bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and for HPV DNA testing. There was an increase in the number of Lactobacillus bacterial species present after the clinical treatments, and the community state type (CST) profiles were shifted from dysbiotic CSTs II and IV to Lactobacillus-dominated CSTs I and III. Specifically, the composition of Geobacter and Prevotella before treatment and Lactobacillus secaliphilus after treatment might have been related to CIN I, the composition of Burkholderia before treatment and Lactobacillus iners after treatment might have been related to CIN II/III, and the composition of Atopobium and Aerococcus before treatment and Bacilli after treatment might have been related to SCC. Further functional predictions revealed that the composition differences were linked to infectious disease- and cancer-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides an illustration of the changes in CSTs and the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after HPV16 clearance in each disease state.
Topics: Humans; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Human papillomavirus 16; Papillomavirus Infections; Vagina; Microbiota
PubMed: 35569127
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4801 -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Nov 2023Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore,...
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore, modulating gut environment via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic procedure for NASH patients. However, the effect and mechanism of the FMT remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gut-liver axis to understand the FMT-mediated hepatic improvement in NASH. Feces from specific pathogen free mice were infused allogeneically into gastrointestinal tract of mice fed with high fat, high cholesterol and fructose (HFHCF), resulting in suppressing hepatic pathogenic events, featured by decreasing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. The FMT elevated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant enzymes, in livers. The HFHCF-induced NASH increased intestinal permeability with abundant Facklamia and Aerococcus, an imbalanced gut environment that was significantly improved by the FMT, characterized with restoration of intestinal barrier function and an enrichment of Clostridium. Notably, the gut environment created by FMT was inferred to produce metabolites from the aromatic biogenic amine degradation pathway, specifically 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), which is known to ameliorate liver injury. We suggest that gut-derived molecules, related to hepatic improvement such as 4-HPA are the potential therapeutic agents for preventing and treating NASH.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation
PubMed: 37380586
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.06.015 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2022is an alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus that is responsible for 54/1,000,000 cases of all urinary tract infections. Risk factors include male gender, advanced age,...
is an alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus that is responsible for 54/1,000,000 cases of all urinary tract infections. Risk factors include male gender, advanced age, and genitourinary tract abnormalities. It has often been misidentified as or due to its morphological similarities. Fewer than 50 cases of infective endocarditis have been reported, most affecting the mitral or aortic valve. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with recurrent fevers and worsening dyspnea on exertion and was found to have bacteremia. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed evidence of moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation and vegetations involving its posterior and septal leaflets. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous penicillin G for 6 weeks. She was not deemed a candidate for cardiac surgery.
PubMed: 35754564
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2054042 -
Genome Announcements Apr 2016Strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective...
Complete Genome Sequences of Aerococcus christensenii CCUG 28831T, Aerococcus sanguinicola CCUG 43001T, Aerococcus urinae CCUG 36881T, Aerococcus urinaeequi CCUG 28094T, Aerococcus urinaehominis CCUG 42038 BT, and Aerococcus viridans CCUG 4311T.
Strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective endocarditis. This study reports the first fully closed and complete genome sequences of six type strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus using a combination of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio sequencing technologies.
PubMed: 27103727
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00302-16 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2019BACKGROUND Aerococcus viridans are Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase-negative, microaerophilic, and non-motile bacteria species that are rarely associated with human... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND Aerococcus viridans are Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase-negative, microaerophilic, and non-motile bacteria species that are rarely associated with human infections such as arthritis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis. The bacteria are also fastidious (i.e., have complex nutritional requirements) and often confused with Streptococci species or treated as a contaminant. CASE REPORT We report a case of Aerococcus septicemia in an 85-year-old female patient, who transferred from a nursing home to an acute care hospital in Washington DC, USA. She had a 2-day history of worsening mental status, fever of 38.9°C (102°F), and tachycardia. Urinalysis revealed numerous white blood cells and bacteria. Laboratory tests revealed a white blood cell count of 14 000 cells/mL (85% neutrophils, 8% lymphocytes, 5% bands, and 2% monocytes), hemoglobin of 12.6 g/dL, and serum creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL. Blood and urine cultures obtained during admission grew penicillin-resistant A. viridans, identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) on day 3 of admission. The patient received empiric vancomycin with piperacillin-tazobactam, and we deescalated to vancomycin monotherapy to complete a 14-day treatment course. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the role of MALDI-TOF for identifying fastidious organisms, and we were able to form a better clinical correlation between patient symptoms and causative organisms. We believe that antimicrobial therapy (in accordance with susceptibility results) should be initiated in symptomatic patients who have A. viridans isolated in significant amounts in urine or from a sterile site.
Topics: Aerococcus; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 31089069
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.914866 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jul 2021Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of...
Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known about the ecological processes involved and the composition of the microbiota associated with the development of the disease. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and network analysis it would be possible to discriminate the microbiomes of clinically healthy sheep and those with periodontitis and possibly identify the key microorganisms associated with the disease. The present study aimed to characterise the composition of dental microbiomes and bacterial co-occurrence networks in clinically healthy sheep and animals with periodontitis. Dental biofilm samples were collected from ten sheep with periodontitis and ten clinically healthy animals. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The most prevalent genera in the dental microbiota of sheep with periodontitis were , , and . In clinically healthy animals, the most significant genera were unclassified and was found at high prevalence in the microbiomes of both groups. The dental microbiota of sheep in the two clinical conditions presented different profiles and the diversity and richness of bacteria was greater in the diseased animals. Network analyses showed the presence of a large number of antagonistic interactions between bacteria in the dental microbiota of animals with periodontitis, indicating the occurrence of a dysbiotic community. Through the interrelationships, members of the genus are likely to be key pathogens, both in the dental microbiota of healthy animals and those with periodontitis. stood out among the top three nodes with more centrality and the largest number of hubs in the networks of animals with periodontitis. The dental biofilm microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis is dysbiotic and with significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminates healthy animals from diseased animals and highlights the importance of key bacteria, such as , , and species.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biofilms; Ecology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Microbiota; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sheep
PubMed: 34313584
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001396 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2018Many marine bacteria secrete exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which are made up of a substantial component of the macro-molecules surrounding cells. Recently, the wide demand...
Many marine bacteria secrete exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which are made up of a substantial component of the macro-molecules surrounding cells. Recently, the wide demand for EPSs for food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other applications has led to great interest in them. In this study, an EPS produced by marine bacteria HZ strains (EPS-A) was isolated and purified to examine its structure and biological function. The molecular weight of EPS-A analyzed by high-performance liquid gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) is found to have a number average of 2.22 × 10⁵ and weight average of 2.84 × 10⁵, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform⁻infrared (FT⁻IR) analysis indicate that EPS-A was a polysaccharide composed of glucose and a little mannose. In addition, the flocculating rate of sewage of EPS-A was 79.90%. The hygroscopicity studies showed that hygroscopicity of EPS-A was higher than chitosan but lower than that of sodium hyaluronate. The moisture retention of EPS-A showed similar retention activity to both chitosan and sodium hyaluronate. EPS-A also can scavenge free radicals including both OH• free radical and O₂• free radical and the activity to O₂• free radical is similar to vitamin C. Safety assessment on mice indicated that the EPS-A is safe for external use and oral administration. EPS-A has great potential for applications in medicine due to its characteristics mentioned above.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aerococcus; Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Chromatography, Gel; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Mice; Molecular Weight; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Toxicity Tests, Acute
PubMed: 30223612
DOI: 10.3390/md16090337 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2020Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of...
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea.
RESULTS
The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD.
CONCLUSIONS
The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33059603
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01999-x