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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Aug 1987The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 75 Aeromonas isolates were determined by agar dilution. Differences in resistance patterns were observed between strains isolated...
The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 75 Aeromonas isolates were determined by agar dilution. Differences in resistance patterns were observed between strains isolated from different geographic locations and between A. sobria and A. hydrophila isolates. Multiple resistance was common; however, only one conjugative plasmid was detected. This 110-megadalton plasmid mediated resistance to eight antibiotics.
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids
PubMed: 3631947
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.31.8.1281 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Sep 2018Antibiotics and several other chemicals have been used to prevent fish diseases. However, this situation results in economic loss for the companies in the aquaculture...
AIMS
Antibiotics and several other chemicals have been used to prevent fish diseases. However, this situation results in economic loss for the companies in the aquaculture industry and most importantly it pollutes the environment. Cinnamic acid is a naturally occurring aromatic acid and is considered to be safe for human consumption. Therefore, in this study, the antibacterial activity of trans-cinnamic acid and commonly used antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, vancomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin, were tested against 32 bacteria, including fish pathogens, nonpathogenic isolates and collection strains.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Trans-cinnamic acid was applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion and microdilution method under in vitro conditions. Antibiotics were also tested under similar conditions against all tested bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The results show that among 32 bacterial strains trans-cinnamic acid exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the Gram-negative fish pathogen Aeromonas sobria. In addition, a moderate inhibition of trans-cinnamic acid of fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum, Vibrio crassostreae and Yersinia ruckeri was also observed for trans-cinnamic acid in our study. On the contrary, the majority of nonpathogenic intestinal isolates were resistant to trans-cinnamic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of trans-cinnamic acid on 24 of the studied bacteria isolated from fish. In conclusion, trans-cinnamic acid can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative additive to prevent and control primarily A. sobria, as well as other pathogenic bacteria such as A. salmonicida, V. anguillarum, V. crassostreae and Y. ruckeri.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study indicated that trans-cinnamic acid may present an environmentally friendly alternative therapeutic agent against A. sobria infections in the aquaculture industry.
PubMed: 30179290
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14097 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Oct 2003A 68-year-old healthy man was admitted because of liver abscess and aeromonas bacteremia accompanied by pulmonary embolism. Aeromonas sobria was isolated from blood.... (Review)
Review
A 68-year-old healthy man was admitted because of liver abscess and aeromonas bacteremia accompanied by pulmonary embolism. Aeromonas sobria was isolated from blood. Coagulation parameters were normal and a lower limb venogram showed no evidence of thrombosis. Septic embolism originating from the liver abscess was considered as the possible cause of pulmonary embolism. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Liver Abscess; Male; Pulmonary Embolism
PubMed: 14606725
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.42.1047 -
Journal of Food Protection Feb 1997Two commercially available media, Ryan's aeromonas medium (RAM) and GSP agar pseudomonas aeromonas selective agar base (GSP) and one laboratory prepared medium, starch...
Two commercially available media, Ryan's aeromonas medium (RAM) and GSP agar pseudomonas aeromonas selective agar base (GSP) and one laboratory prepared medium, starch ampicillin agar (SAA), were compared for their ability to recover Aeromonas spp. from pure culture, raw ground beef, and spiked autoclaved ground beef samples. In all instances SAA medium proved to be superior for recovery of Aeromonas spp. Selectivity with SAA and GSP was better than with RAM with 100% of typical colonies confirming as Aeromonas spp. The incidence of motile Aeromonas spp. in ground meat samples in Eastern Canada was determined during a 1-year period using SAA as the isolation medium. Aeromonas spp. was found in 4 of 4 ground pork, chicken, turkey, and sausage samples and in 15 of 19 ground beef samples. Two hundred and ten presumptive Aeromonas isolates were characterized biochemically to the species level. Ninety-seven percent of the isolates from pork and 87% from ground beef were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila . Of the isolates from chicken and turkey, 40 and 56% respectively were found to be this latter species. The numbers of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae isolated from these products were 30 and 20% for chicken and 8 and 16% for turkey respectively.
PubMed: 31195517
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-60.2.125 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jun 2001To study the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic (i.e. phospholipid and cellular fatty acid composition) characteristics of environmental Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp....
AIMS
To study the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic (i.e. phospholipid and cellular fatty acid composition) characteristics of environmental Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. isolated from a drinking water reservoir near Vladivostok City, and the application of some chemotaxonomic markers for discrimination of the two genera and species.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Presumptive Aeromonas species were dominant in surface water samples (up to 25% of the total number of bacteria recovered). These strains were consistent with respect to the cultural and biochemical properties used to define the species Aeromonas sobria (seven strains) and Aer. popoffii (three strains). Vibrio mimicus (two strains) and Vibrio metschnikovii (one strain) were identified according to phenotypic features and cellular fatty acid composition.
CONCLUSION
Environmental Aer. sobria isolates were atypical in their ability to grow at 42 degrees C, and were haemolytic, proteolytic and cytotoxic. Although it was present in a high proportion in the water samples, atypical Aer. sobria is not an indicator of polluted water.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The incidence of Aeromonas in the drinking water reservoirs in the Far East of Russia is reported for the first time.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Asia, Eastern; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Russia; Vibrio; Water Microbiology; Water Supply
PubMed: 11412322
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01318.x -
Secondary bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance among tungiasis patients in Western, Kenya.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Sep 2017Tungiasis or jigger infestation is a parasitic disease caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans. Secondary infection of the lesions caused by this flea is common...
Tungiasis or jigger infestation is a parasitic disease caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans. Secondary infection of the lesions caused by this flea is common in endemic communities. This study sought to shed light on the bacterial pathogens causing secondary infections in tungiasis lesions and their susceptibility profiles to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Participants were recruited with the help of Community Health Workers. Swabs were taken from lesions which showed signs of secondary infection. Identification of suspected bacteria colonies was done by colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test was used to determine the drug susceptibility profiles. Out of 37 participants, from whom swabs were collected, specimen were positive in 29 and 8 had no growth. From these, 10 different strains of bacteria were isolated. Two were Gram positive bacteria and they were, Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%). Eight were Gram negative namely Enterobacter cloacae (8.5%), Proteus species (8.5%), Klebsiellla species (6.4%), Aeromonas sobria (4.3%), Citrobacter species (4.3%), Proteus mirabillis(4.3%), Enterobacter amnigenus (2.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.1%). The methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated were also resistant to clindamycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, trimethorprim sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. All the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and norfloxacin drugs. Results from this study confirms the presence of resistant bacteria in tungiasis lesions hence highlighting the significance of secondary infection of the lesions in endemic communties. This therefore suggests that antimicrobial susceptibility testing may be considered to guide in identification of appropriate antibiotics and treatment therapy among tungiasis patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Kenya; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Tungiasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 28886013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005901 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 1991Pili of Aeromonas sobria Ae1 were purified and characterized. The molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 23 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide...
Pili of Aeromonas sobria Ae1 were purified and characterized. The molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 23 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Ae1 pili were electrophoretically and immunologically distinguishable from the W pili of A. hydrophila Ae6, although the two pili were morphologically indistinguishable. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two pilins were identical in the first 10 residues. Strain Ae1 and its purified pili adhered to human and rabbit intestines and agglutinated human and rabbit erythrocytes. Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose and D-mannose, but not by L-fucose. Organisms pretreated with the Fab fraction of the antipilus antibody failed to adhere to the intestines. Organisms did not adhere to intestines pretreated with the purified pili. These findings suggest that the pili are a colonization factor of A. sobria Ae1.
Topics: Aeromonas; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Fimbriae Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Hemagglutination; Humans; Mannose; Molecular Sequence Data; Rabbits
PubMed: 1680105
DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.10.3478-3483.1991 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and...
Pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of doxycycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intramuscular and oral administrations.
OBJECTIVE
Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
METHODS
Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC-ultraviolet. The PK/PD indices were calculated based on the MIC (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria) values obtained for the respective bacteria and the PK parameters obtained for DO following both IM and OR administration.
RESULTS
After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t ), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state and total body clearance of DO were 34.81 h, 723.82 h µg/mL, 1.24 L/kg and 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. The t of the DO was found to be 37.39 and 39.78 h after IM, and OR administration, respectively. The bioavailability was calculated 57.02% and 32.29%, respectively, after IM and OR administration. The MIC of DO against A. hydrophila and A. sobria was 4 µg/mL. The PK/PD integration showed that DO (20 mg/kg dose) for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with MIC ≤4 µg/mL achieved target AUC/MIC value after IM administration.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that when rainbow trout was treated with 20 mg/kg IV and IM administered DO, therapeutically effective concentrations were reached in the control of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria.
Topics: Animals; Doxycycline; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Administration, Oral; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38520701
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1419 -
Microorganisms Jul 2019subsp. is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely...
subsp. is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely heavily on antibiotherapy. However, strains of this opportunistic fish pathogen were found to possess genes that confer resistance to major antibiotics including those used to cure furunculosis. Therefore, dispensing bacterial symbionts as probiotics to susceptible hosts appears to be a promising alternative. Here, we present the genomic characterization and in vivo safety assessment of two brook charr () bacterial symbionts that inhibited subsp. growth in vitro ( ML11A and TM18) as well as a commercialized probiotic, MA18/5M (Bactocell). The genomic sequences of ML11A and TM18 obtained by whole-genome shotgun sequencing lack key virulence factor genes found in related pathogenic strains. Their genomic sequences are also devoid of genes involved in the inactivation (or target modification of) several key antimicrobial compounds used in salmonid aquaculture. Finally, when administered daily to live brook charr fingerlings, ML11A, TM18 and Bactocell helped improve several physiological condition metrics such as mean body weight, Fulton's condition factor and blood plasma lysozyme activity (an indicator for innate immune activity).
PubMed: 31284626
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070193 -
International Journal of Infectious... May 2009Human infection with Aeromonas species is uncommon and most often due to trauma with exposure to contaminated water or soil. A 43-year-old HIV- and hepatitis C virus...
Human infection with Aeromonas species is uncommon and most often due to trauma with exposure to contaminated water or soil. A 43-year-old HIV- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected male, after a two-week course of corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune anemia, developed diarrhea, dermatologic manifestations and a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, resulting in death. Although stool samples were repeatedly negative, two sets of blood cultures obtained during a single peak of fever yielded the post-mortem isolation of a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, beta-hemolytic bacillus that was identified as Aeromonas sobria. Empiric antibiotic therapy was unsuccessful. Evaluation of the virulence-associated traits of the clinical isolate (adhesion, cytotoxicity activity, biofilm production) showed that the strain was a poor producer of recognized virulence factors, thereby indicating that the unfortunate coexistence of HIV infection, HCV-related liver cirrhosis and corticosteroids played a key role in the clinical course.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aeromonas; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Line; Fatal Outcome; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; HIV Infections; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Rhabdomyolysis; Sepsis; Virulence
PubMed: 18977680
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.08.003