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The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2020There is little evidence linking breakfast skipping to the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
BACKGROUND
There is little evidence linking breakfast skipping to the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the prospective association of breakfast consumption with the incidence of GDM.
METHODS
A total of 103,099 pregnancies were registered during study enrollment (January 2011 to March 2014), involving 97,454 pregnant women from 15 areas across Japan. Singleton pregnant women free of GDM, stroke, heart disease, cancer, and type 1 or type 2 diabetes at the study enrollment were eligible for analysis. We used a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on demographic information, socioeconomic status, self-rated health status, disease history, lifestyle, and dietary habits of each woman at study enrollment. A semiquantitative FFQ was used for dietary assessment. We used logistic regression to obtain the OR of GDM in relation to breakfast consumption.
RESULTS
Among 84,669 pregnant women for analysis, 1935 cases of GDM were documented. After adjustment for potential confounding factors including prepregnancy BMI, the multivariable-adjusted ORs of GDM for women who consumed breakfast 5-6 times/wk, 3-4 times/wk, and 0-2 times/wk were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.27), 1.14 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.34), and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.41), respectively, compared with daily breakfast eaters. The association appeared to be dose dependent (P-trend = 0.006) and was not significantly modified by prepregnancy BMI.
CONCLUSIONS
Breakfast consumption <3 times/wk before and during early pregnancy, compared with daily consumption, was associated with an increased odds of developing GDM.
Topics: Adult; Breakfast; Diabetes, Gestational; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Japan; Life Style; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32020171
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa014 -
Nutrition Research and Practice Jun 2015Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breakfast types in Korean adults with their daily nutrient intakes and health outcomes.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
A total of 11,801 20- to 64-year-old adults (age 42.9 ± 11.8 yrs [mean ± standard error of the mean]; male 41.1%, female 58.9%) in 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data were divided into 5 groups based on breakfast types in a 24-hr dietary recall: rice with 3 or more side dishes (Rice3+, 35.3%), rice with 0-2 side dishes (Rice0-2, 34.73%), noodles (1.56%), bread and cereal (6.56%), and breakfast skipping (21.63%). Daily nutrient intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome were compared among five groups.
RESULTS
Compared with Korean Recommended Nutrient Intake levels, the breakfast-skipping group showed the lowest intake level in most nutrients, whereas the Rice3+ group showed the highest. Fat intake was higher in the bread and noodle groups than in the other groups. When compared with the Rice3+ group, the odds ratios for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome were increased in the breakfast skipping, Rice0-2, and noodle groups after controlling for confounding variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The rice-based breakfast group showed better nutritional status and health outcomes when eating with 3 or more side dishes. Nutrition education is needed to emphasize both the potential advantage of the rice-based, traditional Korean diet in terms of nutritional content and the importance of food diversity.
PubMed: 26060541
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.288 -
PloS One 2022The aim of this study is to compare acute effects of consuming extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) as a source of medium chain fatty acids and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to compare acute effects of consuming extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) as a source of medium chain fatty acids and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as a source of long chain fatty acids in normal weight and obese subjects.
DESIGN
Randomised, crossover design.
PARTICIPANTS
Metabolically healthy twenty male subjects (10 normal weight; 10 obese) aged 19-40 years.
INTERVENTION
Subjects consumed breakfast meals containing skimmed milk, fat-free white cheese, bread and EVCO (25 g) or EVOO (25 g).
OUTCOME MEASURES
Visual analog scale evaluations, resting metabolic rate measurements and selected blood parameters analysis (glucose, triglyceride, insulin and plasma peptide YY) were performed before and after the test breakfast meals. In addition, energy intakes were evaluated by ad libitum lunch meal at 180 min.
RESULTS
Visual analogue scale values of hunger and desire to eat decreased significantly after EVCO consumption than EVOO consumption in normal weight subjects at 180 min. There was an increase trend in plasma PYY at 30 and 180 min after EVCO breakfast compared to EVOO breakfast. Ad libitum energy intakes after EVCO and EVOO consumption in normal weight subjects were 924 ± 302; 845 ± 158 kcal (p = 0.272), respectively whereas in obese subjects were 859 ± 238; 994 ± 265 kcal (p = 0.069) respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study shows that consumption of EVCO compared to EVOO may have suppressive effect on hunger and desire to eat, may affect postprandial PYY levels differently and have no effect on postprandial energy expenditure.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trials NCT04738929.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Coconut Oil; Eating; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Male; Obesity; Olive Oil; Peptide YY; Triglycerides; Young Adult
PubMed: 36112590
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274663 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2020Skipping breakfast has been suggested to increase the risk of depressive symptoms, but there is no information regarding young adults. We aimed to investigate the...
Skipping breakfast has been suggested to increase the risk of depressive symptoms, but there is no information regarding young adults. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. We investigated a cross-sectional ( = 1060) and one-year prospective ( = 757) relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms. The frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized into "≤1 time/week", "2-5 times/week", or "≥6 times/week". Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 20-item Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) with an SDS score of ≥50 to indicate moderate to severe depressive symptoms. In the cross-sectional analysis, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms related with the breakfast consumption categories were 1.00 (reference) for ≥6 times/week, 1.761 (95% CI: 1.131, 2.742) for 2-5 times/week, and 3.780 (95% CI: 1.719, 8.311) for ≤1 time/week ( for trend: <0.001) after adjusting for these potential confounders. Similarly, in the one-year prospective analysis, we found that 10.2% of participants was classified as having moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms. The ORs (95% CI) for depressive symptoms with decreasing breakfast consumption frequency were 1.00 (reference) for ≥6 times/week, 2.045 (1.198, 3.491) for 2-5 times/week, and 2.722 (0.941, 7.872) for ≤1 time/week ( for trend: 0.005). This one-year prospective cohort study showed that skipping breakfast is related to increased risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Future research using interventional or experimental studies is required to explore the causal relationship between the effects of breakfast consumption and depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Breakfast; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Students; Young Adult
PubMed: 32121348
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051571 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Breakfast eating is regarded to be necessary for maintaining a healthy body weight. On the other hand, breakfast skipping has been linked with obesity incidence. This...
BACKGROUND
Breakfast eating is regarded to be necessary for maintaining a healthy body weight. On the other hand, breakfast skipping has been linked with obesity incidence. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of breakfast skipping among a multi-ethnic group of middle-aged men living in Saudi Arabia and the association between breakfast skipping and sociodemographic variables and weight status.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 1,800 middle-aged men aged 36-59 years. Participants' sociodemographic information and frequency of breakfast eating were obtained through personal interviews. The body mass index was determined after measuring body weight and height using standardized methods.
RESULTS
The prevalence of breakfast skipping was 42.1% of the study participants. Nationality was a predictor of breakfast skipping. Bangladeshi participants ( = 100) have the lowest rate of breakfast skipping (9.0%), whilst Saudi participants ( = 161) have the highest rate (73.3%). Weight status was another predictor of breakfast skipping as breakfast skippers had a significantly higher average body mass index (27.1 ± 3.8) than breakfast consumers (26.2 ± 3.5). Overweight/obese participants have a significantly higher breakfast skipping rate (44.9%) than participants with underweight/normal weight (36.6%).
CONCLUSION
The rate of breakfast skipping is relatively high among middle-aged men living in Saudi Arabia. The data support a link between breakfast skipping and sociodemographic variables and weight status.
PubMed: 35187018
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761383 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1977The breakfast habits in adult life of 34 patients with Crohns disease were compared with those of 68 matched controls. Cornflakes were being eaten at least weekly by 23...
The breakfast habits in adult life of 34 patients with Crohns disease were compared with those of 68 matched controls. Cornflakes were being eaten at least weekly by 23 of the patients (67--6%) at the time that their symptoms began, compared with 17 (25%) of the controls at the corresponding time. Only one of the 34 patients had not eaten cornflakes at all, compared with half of the controls. A significant but weaker association was found between Crohn's disease and the eating of wheat cereals. However, in both patients and controls the taking of cornflakes and of wheat cereals were correlated, and the observed preponderance of wheat eating among the patients was almost entirely ascribable to this association of habits. Eating of rice cereals and of porridge was not associated with Crohn's disease, though it was correlated with eating cornflakes. There was an excess of bran eaters among the propositi, but this, too, was attributable to their being also cornflake eaters. Other breakfast foods were taken with equal frequency, and omission of breakfast was equally common. Six of the 68 controls, but none of the patients, ate cornflakes later in the day but not at breakfast. The results need confirmation. There was no evidence that bias could have caused the correlation found. The association of Crohn's disease with the eating of cornflakes is strong and unlikely to be indirect. Variable digestive secretory behaviour after waking may play a part in determining susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Crohn Disease; Edible Grain; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Triticum; Zea mays
PubMed: 856393
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6066.943 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Mar 2022Dyslipidemia is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Research on the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and...
BACKGROUND
Dyslipidemia is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Research on the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and dyslipidemia in the working population is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship based on a retrospective cohort study of a large working population in China.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study used data from the physical examinations and questionnaire survey of working participants at Nanfang Hospital from January 20, 2015 to October 16, 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and dyslipidemia in this working population (n = 7644).
RESULTS
The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the participants was 26.4%. The univariate logistic regression test showed that the breakfast consumption frequency was inversely correlated with dyslipidemia. After adjusting for multiple factors, such as sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperuricaemia, diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education level, marital status, long-term exposure to kitchen oil fumes, attending business dinners, and sleep time, it was found that breakfast consumption remained inversely associated with dyslipidaemia. The odds ratio for daily breakfast consumption was 0.466 (95% confidence interval 0.283-0.770, P = 0.003). After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that the higher the frequency of breakfast consumption, the lower the odds ratios for hypertriglyceridaemia.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that breakfast consumption frequency was inversely correlated with dyslipidemia. The higher the frequency of breakfast, the lower the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia. This study provides a basis on which dietary suggestions for the working population and lifestyle guidance for patients with a clinical need to prevent dyslipidemia can be made.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Dyslipidemias; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35351127
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01641-x -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Oct 2018This study aimed to examine the switch from glargine+once daily insulin aspart (1 + 1 regimen) to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Switching from glargine+insulin aspart to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control - a prospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to examine the switch from glargine+once daily insulin aspart (1 + 1 regimen) to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with poorly controlled blood glucose levels.
METHODS
Consecutive patients with poorly controlled T2DM (n = 182) were switched from the 1 + 1 regimen to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast in combination with exercise after dinner and dividing meals in two (same final calories intake). The insulin doses were adjusted according to blood glucose levels within 4 weeks after the switch and maintained for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hpostprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), daily insulin dose, and hypoglycemia events were assessed.
RESULTS
Sixteen weeks after the switch, 2 h PG levels and HbA1c levels (from 8.5 to 7.4%, P = 0.001) were improved. The proportions of patients reaching the HbA1c targets of 7.5% were improved (from 22.5 to 58.7%, P = 0.001). Among the 182 patients, 24 (13.2%) divided one meal into two meals, and 23 (12.6%) divided two meals into four meals. Among all patients, 8.5% had to reuse insulin aspart before dinner after the study. One patient with diarrhea and poor appetite experienced severe hypoglycemia. The rate of hypoglycemia was 3.76 events/patient-year. The daily insulin Aspart 30 dose was higher than the original insulin aspart dose (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
For patients with poorly controlled T2DM under the 1 + 1 regimen, switching to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals showed promising benefits.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Breakfast; Cohort Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Exercise; Female; Humans; Insulin Aspart; Insulin Glargine; Male; Meals; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 30285711
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0297-4 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Policies addressing food insecurity are only effective if they are implemented successfully, serving those most at risk. Universal school meals provide a key...
BACKGROUND
Policies addressing food insecurity are only effective if they are implemented successfully, serving those most at risk. Universal school meals provide a key intervention to schools that serve predominantly low-income families by providing free school breakfast and lunch to all. Unfortunately, low uptake of such provisions among students is concerning especially regarding school breakfast, warranting key implementation support for schools to ensure student nutrition needs are met. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the determinants of implementing two different school breakfast programs and pragmatic strategies for serving breakfast in ways that maximize student participation.
METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 within the School District of Philadelphia (SDP) comprising surveys, interviews, and observations to assess contextual determinants of two distinctive breakfast models: Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) and Cafeteria after the Bell (CAB). Principals and lead kitchen staff completed surveys to assess determinants of breakfast model adoption. Principals, lead kitchen staff, classroom teachers, climate (i.e., social emotional wellbeing), and facilities staff subsequently participated in interviews to discuss implementation determinants (i.e., facilitators and challenges) and strategies for maximizing student participation. Observations provided rich data to triangulate interviews and survey data. Survey data were analyzed using frequency analysis, and observation and interview data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Presentation of themes was framed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.
RESULTS
Results highlighted several positive determinants to participation including addressing student and family needs, making data-informed decisions, and providing hot meals and fruit based on student tastes. Negative determinants to implementation comprised challenges to SNAP-Ed-funded policy changes to promote student breakfast participation, lack of communication between administration, and staff and turnover among food service staff. Strategies included modifying school entrance procedures and combining breakfast with other education-related tasks to minimize instructional time lost through breakfast after the bell schedules.
DISCUSSION
Data highlight the need to include implementation partner expertise when designing interventions for increasing reach and effectiveness of school meal programs. Future research that directly tests implementation strategies and key outcomes of reach/participation, among others, is critical to bridging the policy to practice gap in school nutrition programs.
Topics: Humans; Breakfast; Philadelphia; Schools; Food Services; Students
PubMed: 36304238
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987171 -
BMJ Open Jul 2021This study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997-2011.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
DESIGN
Cohort study.
SETTING
The study was conducted in China.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997-2011.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Participants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.
RESULTS
For energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.
CONCLUSIONS
This study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.
Topics: Adult; Breakfast; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Meals; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34266840
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046183