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BMC Pediatrics Dec 2022Despite a large body of research has shown that smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with aggressive behaviors, only a few mediators have been previously examined in...
BACKGROUND
Despite a large body of research has shown that smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with aggressive behaviors, only a few mediators have been previously examined in this relationship among early adolescent students. No previous studies have explored, to our knowledge, the indirect role of cognitive function despite its great importance during this life period. This study is intended to verify whether cognitive function have indirect effects on the relationship between SA and aggression among high-school students in the context of Lebanese culture.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional designed study, conducted between January and May 2022, and enrolling 379 Lebanese adolescent students (aged 13-17 years). The Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short form were used.
RESULTS
The bivariate analysis results revealed that higher SA and worse cognitive function were significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The mediation analyses found that cognitive function mediated the association between SA and physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Higher SA was significantly associated with worse cognitive function and more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Finally, worse cognitive function was significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility.
CONCLUSION
Our findings cautiously suggest that, to reduce adolescent students' aggression, interventions that promote cognitive performance may be effective. Particularly, students who are addicted to smartphones and show aggressive tendencies require interventions designed to improve cognition function.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Internet Addiction Disorder; Aggression; Hostility; Cognition; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36572845
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03808-y -
Neuroscience Letters Sep 2018Ketamine is a non-competitive glutamatergic antagonist that induces analgesia and anesthesia. Although ketamine displays anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, it may...
Ketamine is a non-competitive glutamatergic antagonist that induces analgesia and anesthesia. Although ketamine displays anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, it may induce pro-psychosis and hallucinogen effects, as well as stereotypic behaviors following acute administration at sub-anesthetic doses. Since heightened aggression is maladaptive and may comorbid with various neuropsychiatric disorders, we aimed to investigate whether ketamine modulates aggressive behavior in adult zebrafish. Fish were acutely exposed to 2, 20, and 40 mg/L ketamine for 20 min and their locomotion, exploratory activity, and aggression towards mirror were further assessed. Ketamine (2 mg/L) increased aggression-related phenotypes, while 20 and 40 mg/L reduced aggression and elicited stereotypic behaviors by causing hyperlocomotion, altering motor patterns, and increasing circling behavior at the higher concentration tested. Collectively, our data expand the utility of zebrafish models to investigate the influence of sub-anesthetic concentrations of ketamine on aggression behavior domain in translational neuropsychiatric research field.
Topics: Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Ketamine; Locomotion; Male; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30102959
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.009 -
Human Brain Mapping Dec 2022Rising rates of violence underscore the need to better understand how systems that regulate distress and impulse control jointly modulate aggression risk. The goals of...
Rising rates of violence underscore the need to better understand how systems that regulate distress and impulse control jointly modulate aggression risk. The goals of the current study were to investigate the unique and interactive effects of emotional dysregulation and inhibitory control on the perpetration of physical aggression. We recruited a high-risk community sample of 206 adults (M/SD = 33.55/10.89 years old; 47.1% female) who reported a range of physically aggressive behaviors. All participants completed a self-report measure (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), neuropsychological testing (Color Word Interference Test), and clinical interviewing (Lifetime History of Aggression Interview), and a subset of individuals (n = 134) underwent a neuroanatomical scan. As expected, the interplay of emotional and inhibitory control explained unique variance in physical aggression above and beyond their main effects. The positive association between emotion dysregulation and aggression strengthened as inhibitory control decreased. Cortical thickness in two right prefrontal clusters, one that peaked in the superior frontal gyrus and one that peaked in the caudal middle frontal gyrus, was also associated with the interactive effects of emotional dysregulation and inhibitory control. Notably, thickness in the superior frontal gyrus mediated the association between emotion dysregulation and physical aggression at low levels of inhibitory control. Using a multilevel and multimethod approach, the present study revealed neuroanatomical correlates of emotion-cognition interactions that have translational relevance to violence perpetration. These findings extend previous work primarily focused on functional-based neural assessments and point to the utility of examining neuroanatomical correlates of emotion-cognition interactions for understanding human aggression.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Aggression; Emotions; Emotional Regulation; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 35838011
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26012 -
Aggressive Behavior May 2018This study analyzes data from seven published studies to examine whether three performance-based indices of men's misperception of women's sexual interest (MSI), derived...
This study analyzes data from seven published studies to examine whether three performance-based indices of men's misperception of women's sexual interest (MSI), derived from a self-report questionnaire, are associated with sexual-aggression history, rape-supportive attitudes, sociosexuality, problem drinking, and self-reported MSI. Almost 2000 undergraduate men judged the justifiability of a man's increasingly unwanted advances toward a woman on the Heterosocial Perception Survey-Revised. Participants self-reported any sexual-aggression history, and some completed questionnaires assessing rape-supportive attitudes, sociosexuality, problem drinking, and self-reported MSI. A three-parameter logistic function was fitted to participants' justifiability ratings within a non-linear mixed-effects framework, which provided precise participant-specific estimates of three sexual-perception processes (baseline justifiability, bias, and sensitivity). Sexual-aggression history and rape-supportive attitudes predicted: (a) reduced sensitivity to women's affect; (b) more liberal biases, such that the woman's affect had to be more negative before justifiability ratings dropped substantially; and (c) greater baseline justifiability of continued advances after a positive response. Sexual-aggression history and attitudes correlated more strongly with sensitivity than baseline justifiability; remaining variables showed the opposite pattern. This work underscores the role of sexual-perception processes in sexual aggression and illustrates the derivation of performance-based estimates of sexual-perception processes from questionnaire responses.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Female; Humans; Male; Peer Group; Rape; Sex Offenses; Social Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 29492975
DOI: 10.1002/ab.21754 -
The psychometric measures to assess aggressive dimension following traumatic brain injury: A review.Medicine Apr 2021higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior are frequent following head trauma, due to specific brain alterations. Many tests are used to assess this aspect. A... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior are frequent following head trauma, due to specific brain alterations. Many tests are used to assess this aspect. A descriptive review was conducted on the main tests used to detect the appearance of aggressive dimensions following traumatic brain injury.
REVIEW SUMMARY
we searched on PubMed and Web of Science databases and screening references of included studies and review articles for additional citations. From initial 723 publications, only 7 met our search criteria. Findings showed that various psychometric tools are used to assess aggressiveness and its subdomains, following head trauma.
CONCLUSIONS
further investigation are necessary to clarify whether these tools ensure a reliable diagnosis in order to make an early intervention and reduce violent behavior and its development.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Child; Conduct Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Observer Variation; Psychological Tests; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 33787573
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024648 -
Die Ophthalmologie Sep 2022Experiences of aggression/violence influence job satisfaction and can have a long-term psychological and physical impact on employees. In the fall of 2018, the...
BACKGROUND
Experiences of aggression/violence influence job satisfaction and can have a long-term psychological and physical impact on employees. In the fall of 2018, the Professional Association of Ophthalmologists (BVA) and the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) conducted a survey on experiences of aggression and violence. The first results were published in 2020. In the survey it was also possible to describe the most serious incident to date using free text fields, among others.
METHOD
All 9411 members of the DOG and BVA were given the opportunity to complete a questionnaire online in 2018 regarding aggression and violence in ophthalmology.
RESULTS
Overall, 253 of 1508 (16.8%) ophthalmologists participating in the survey reported their most serious incident, 46.8% of which were classified as moderate and 34.3% were related to verbal violence such as insults and threats. The most serious incident was experienced by 171 (67.6%) physicians in a practice setting, 71% were specialists at the time of the incident and 74.3% of the incidents occurred during regular working hours. The main causes were intercultural conflicts, long waiting times, problems with the allocation of appointments, excessive expectations, differences in treatment and basic aggressiveness. The offenders were male in 86.3% of cases, 15.8% of the incidents were reported to the police and 21 (8.3%) physicians issued a practice reprimand or house ban.
DISCUSSION
The description of the most serious incidents illustrates situations that are sometimes hard to imagine and also which incidents were considered serious. There are large subjective variations in the assessment of the incidents. Protective measures in practices and clinics are essential.
Topics: Aggression; Female; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Male; Ophthalmology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Violence
PubMed: 35441852
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01634-2 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2008This paper reviews existing psychophysiological studies of aggression and violent behaviour including research employing autonomic, electrocortical and neuroimaging... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews existing psychophysiological studies of aggression and violent behaviour including research employing autonomic, electrocortical and neuroimaging measures. Robust physiological correlates of persistent aggressive behaviour evident in this literature include low baseline heart rate, enhanced autonomic reactivity to stressful or aversive stimuli, enhanced EEG slow wave activity, reduced P300 brain potential response and indications from structural and functional neuroimaging studies of dysfunction in frontocortical and limbic brain regions that mediate emotional processing and regulation. The findings are interpreted within a conceptual framework that draws on two integrative models in the literature. The first is a recently developed hierarchical model of impulse control (externalizing) problems, in which various disinhibitory syndromes including aggressive and addictive behaviours of different kinds are seen as arising from common as well as distinctive aetiologic factors. This model represents an approach to organizing these various interrelated phenotypes and investigating their common and distinctive aetiologic substrates. The other is a neurobiological model that posits impairments in affective regulatory circuits in the brain as a key mechanism for impulsive aggressive behaviour. This model provides a perspective for integrating findings from studies employing different measures that have implicated varying brain structures and physiological systems in violent and aggressive behaviour.
Topics: Aggression; Humans; Neurobiology; Psychophysiology; Violence
PubMed: 18434285
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0028 -
Journal of Personality Oct 2022Trait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of...
OBJECTIVE
Trait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of personality. Initial evidence suggests that trait aggression may be best couched within the nomological network of the Five-Factor Model (FFM). The current work sought to locate the most appropriate home for trait aggression among the FFM.
METHOD
We applied a preregistered regimen of psychometric network analyses to three datasets (combined N = 2927) that contained self-reports of trait aggression and the FFM traits.
RESULTS
Trait aggression was highly central in the factor-level networks, which contained associations consistent with the conceptualization of this construct as a lower-order component of low agreeableness. The facet-level networks revealed that the behavioral facets of trait aggression reflected low agreeableness, but that the anger and hostility facets reflected high neuroticism. The item-level network suggested that the intent to initiate aggressive encounters was the primary bridge that empirically linked trait aggression to agreeableness.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that trait aggression is primarily a lower-order facet of agreeableness, advance our understanding of trait aggression, integrate it with broader frameworks of personality, and suggest future directions to refine this complex dispositional tendency.
Topics: Aggression; Hostility; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics
PubMed: 34919275
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12695 -
Aggressive Behavior Nov 2019Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), the current study investigated the interactive effect of personal factors (e.g., sensation-seeking) and situational factors...
Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), the current study investigated the interactive effect of personal factors (e.g., sensation-seeking) and situational factors (e.g., violent video games exposure [VVGE]) on the trait aggressive behavior, and the mediating role of individual difference trait (e.g., moral disengagement, anger, and hostility). We recruited 547 undergraduates (48.45% male) from five Chinese universities. The results showed that VVGE was positively associated with moral disengagement, disinhibition, and the four aggressive traits (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility), which were positively associated with each other. Moral disengagement was positively associated with both the disinhibition and the four aggressive traits. Disinhibition was positively associated with the four aggressive traits as well. When controlled for gender, moral disengagement, anger, and hostility wholly mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggression, but the moderation effect of disinhibition was not significant. These findings support the framework of GAM and indicate that moral disengagement, anger, and hostility may be the factors that increase the risk of a higher level of aggression following repeated exposure to violent video games.
Topics: Adolescent; Aggression; Anger; Exposure to Violence; Female; Hostility; Humans; Individuality; Male; Problem Behavior; Students; Video Games
PubMed: 31436326
DOI: 10.1002/ab.21860 -
Aggressive Behavior May 2017Verbal and physical aggression begin early in life and steadily decline thereafter in normal development. As a result, elevated aggressive behavior in adolescence may...
Verbal and physical aggression begin early in life and steadily decline thereafter in normal development. As a result, elevated aggressive behavior in adolescence may signal atypical development and greater vulnerability for negative mental and health outcomes. Converging evidence suggests that brain disturbances in regions involved in impulse control, emotional regulation, and sensation seeking may contribute to heightened aggression. However, little is known regarding the neural mechanisms underlying subtypes of aggression (i.e., proactive and reactive aggression) and whether they differ between males and females. Using a sample of 106 14-year-old adolescent twins, this study found that striatal enlargement was associated with both proactive and reactive aggression. We also found that volumetric alterations in several frontal regions including smaller middle frontal and larger orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with higher levels of aggression in adolescent twins. In addition, cortical thickness analysis showed that thickness alterations in many overlapping regions including middle frontal, superior frontal, and anterior cingulate cortex and temporal regions were associated with aggression in adolescent twins. Results support the involvement of fronto-limbic-striatal circuit in the etiology of aggression during adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 43:230-240, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Aggression; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neostriatum; Occipital Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 27766650
DOI: 10.1002/ab.21683