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Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Dec 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is the gradual and selective degradation of dopamine-releasing neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and results in postural...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the gradual and selective degradation of dopamine-releasing neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and results in postural instability, stiffness, bradykinesia, and resting tremor. The goal of this research was to see how hibiscetin action on PD in rotenone-treated rats. Rats were administered orally with hibiscetin (10 mg/kg) after 1 h rotenone (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.). This therapy regimen was followed on a daily basis for 28 days. Rats were tested for catalepsy and akinesia on day 29 after the last dosage of rotenone. Biochemical parameters were performed to measure reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, neuroinflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitter and their metabolite levels such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Rotenone-induced akinesia and catatonia in rats decreased endogenous antioxidant (GSH, CAT, and SOD) levels, increased MDA and nitrite levels, and changed neurotransmitter and metabolite levels. Hibiscetin effectively reduced rotenone-induced akinesia and catatonia, improved endogenous antioxidant (GSH, CAT and SOD) levels, and reduced oxidative and nitrative stress in the treated rats. Moreover, hibiscetin restored altered neurotransmitters and their metabolites to normal levels in rotenone-treated rats. The study results showed that hibiscetin has anti-Parkinson's activity against rotenone-induced PD in rats.
PubMed: 36601498
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.09.016 -
Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 2023Coordinated Reset Deep Brain Stimulation (CR DBS) is a novel DBS approach for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) that uses lower levels of burst stimulation through...
INTRODUCTION
Coordinated Reset Deep Brain Stimulation (CR DBS) is a novel DBS approach for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) that uses lower levels of burst stimulation through multiple contacts of the DBS lead. Though CR DBS has been demonstrated to have sustained therapeutic effects on rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, and akinesia following cessation of stimulation, i.e., carryover effect, its effect on Parkinsonian gait has not been well studied. Impaired gait is a disabling symptom of PD, often associated with a higher risk of falling and a reduced quality of life. The goal of this study was to explore the carryover effect of subthalamic CR DBS on Parkinsonian gait.
METHODS
Three non-human primates (NHPs) were rendered Parkinsonian and implanted with a DBS lead in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). For each animal, STN CR DBS was delivered for several hours per day across five consecutive days. A clinical rating scale modified for NHP use (mUPDRS) was administered every morning to monitor the carryover effect of CR DBS on rigidity, tremor, akinesia, and bradykinesia. Gait was assessed quantitatively before and after STN CR DBS. The stride length and swing speed were calculated and compared to the baseline, pre-stimulation condition.
RESULTS
In all three animals, carryover improvements in rigidity, bradykinesia, and akinesia were observed after CR DBS. Increased swing speed was observed in all the animals; however, improvement in stride length was only observed in NHP B2. In addition, STN CR DBS using two different burst frequencies was evaluated in NHP B2, and differential effects on the mUPDRS score and gait were observed.
DISCUSSION
Although preliminary, our results indicate that STN CR DBS can improve Parkinsonian gait together with other motor signs when stimulation parameters are properly selected. This study further supports the continued development of CR DBS as a novel therapy for PD and highlights the importance of parameter selection in its clinical application.
PubMed: 37692361
DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1185723 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2018A 56-year-old woman presented with cognitive impairment, confusion and slowed speech, muscle cramps and peripheral paraesthesia preceded by vomiting. Blood tests...
UNLABELLED
A 56-year-old woman presented with cognitive impairment, confusion and slowed speech, muscle cramps and peripheral paraesthesia preceded by vomiting. Blood tests revealed severe hypokalaemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. Following a diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy based on ultrasonography, the patient was treated with electrolyte supplementation and recovered within 48h. When heart failure is suspected, electrolyte abnormalities should be carefully ruled out as they can affect cardiac function.
LEARNING POINTS
The association between electrolyte abnormalities and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has still not been well established in the literature.Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia can contribute to cardiac akinesia and so should be ruled out in heart failure.Correction of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia is an important and an under-estimated part of the optimal treatment of cardiac failure.
PubMed: 30756021
DOI: 10.12890/2018_000760 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Feb 2022Akinetic mutism (AM) is characterized by the complete absence of spontaneous behavior (akinesia) and speech (mutism) with the preservation of executive functions for... (Review)
Review
A Review of Studies on the Role of Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography in the Evaluation of the Fronto-Subcortical Circuit in Patients with Akinetic Mutism.
Akinetic mutism (AM) is characterized by the complete absence of spontaneous behavior (akinesia) and speech (mutism) with the preservation of executive functions for movements and speaking. Elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms or neural correlates for AM is clinically important because patients can recover from AM after medication and neuromodulation. The fronto-subcortical circuit is a critically important neural structure in the pathophysiology of AM. Using diffusion tensor tractography, a few neural tracts in the fronto-subcortical circuit can be reconstructed. This mini-review article evaluated 6 DTT-based studies on the fronto-subcortical circuit injury in patients with AM. According to these results, the neural tracts among the fronto-subcortical circuit, which are related to AM, were as follows (in decreasing order of importance): 1) the prefronto-caudate tract, 2) the prefronto-thalamic tract, and 3) the cingulum. In particular, the medial prefrontal cortex is an important brain area related to recovery from AM. However, only 6 studies on this topic have been published, and most were case reports. In addition, these studies analyzed only a few neural tracts in the fronto-subcortical circuit. Because AM is a rare disorder, studies involving a large number of subjects might be impossible. Nevertheless, an analysis of various neural tracts in the fronto-subcortical circuit is necessary. For this, reconstruction of the other neural tracts in the fronto-subcortical circuit should be performed first. This review aims to present the findings from recent studies on the role of DTT in evaluation of fronto-subcortical circuit injury in patients with AK.
Topics: Akinetic Mutism; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Neural Pathways; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 35181647
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936251 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2021Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), or Pena-Shokeir phenotype is a constellation of deformational changes resulting from decreased or absent fetal movement, and...
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), or Pena-Shokeir phenotype is a constellation of deformational changes resulting from decreased or absent fetal movement, and include arthrogryposis, and craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies. We report an autopsy case of a 36-6/7week female neonate with a normal female karyotype and chromosome microarray demonstrating findings consistent with FADS. We provide a detailed examination of the severe and complex central nervous system abnormalities, including marked pontocerebellar hypoplasia and cortical and cerebellar migration and gyration defects. This case represents a rare detailed examination of the central nervous system of a patient with FADS.
PubMed: 34540727
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.323 -
Trends in Neurosciences Oct 1996A model of basal ganglia functioning proposed a few years ago suggests that increased and decreased activity in basal ganglia output to the thalamus underlies akinesia,... (Review)
Review
A model of basal ganglia functioning proposed a few years ago suggests that increased and decreased activity in basal ganglia output to the thalamus underlies akinesia, as seen in Parkinson's disease, and dyskinetic movements as seen in Huntington's disease or after treatment with L-dopa and neuroleptics, respectively. Although the basic features of this model have stood the test of time, patterns of electrophysiological activity and changes in indices of GABA-dependent transmission in the external pallidum lead to a reconsideration of the mechanisms responsible for these changes in output activity.
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 8888518
DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10052-7 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023The aim was to characterize the electrovectorcardiographic pattern of ventricular aneurysms in ischemic cardiopathy by analyzing the cardiac ventricular repolarization....
The aim was to characterize the electrovectorcardiographic pattern of ventricular aneurysms in ischemic cardiopathy by analyzing the cardiac ventricular repolarization. The medical records of 2,670 individuals were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. A test phase included 33 patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiogram with ultrasonic enhancing agent, electrocardiogram, and vectorcardiogram (aneurysm group - = 22, and akinesia group - = 11). In the validation phase, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging established the left ventricle segmental contractility in 16 patients who underwent electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic tests (aneurysm group, = 8, and akinesia group, = 8). The variables studied were the presence of the T-wave plus-minus pattern and the T-wave loop anterior-posterior pattern in V2-V4. The diagnostic indices used were sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. During the test and validation phases, the analysis of the presence of the T-wave plus-minus pattern identified the aneurysm group with a sensitivity of 91% vs. 87% and specificity of 91% vs. 87% ( < 0.0001 vs. = 0.01), respectively. Meanwhile, the T-wave loop anterior-posterior pattern evidenced sensitivity of 95% vs. 77% and specificity of 91% vs. 87% ( < 0.0001 vs. = 0.04), respectively. The electrovectorcardiographic parameters showed high accuracy for recognizing left ventricular aneurysms in ischemic heart disease.
PubMed: 38155984
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1275194 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jul 1998
Review
Topics: Cardiac Output; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart Aneurysm; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Infarction; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
PubMed: 9671896
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(98)70241-7 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2022To compare the efficacy and safety of sub-tenon block to peribulbar block with respect to analgesia, akinesia, and complications. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
To compare the efficacy and safety of sub-tenon block to peribulbar block with respect to analgesia, akinesia, and complications.
METHODS
It is an observational study conducted at a government hospital in Karnataka. Seventy patients who came to the ophthalmology OPD for small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) under local anesthesia were included in the study. The participants were divided into two groups of 35 as per the surgeon. The pain was evaluated at the time of administration of the block, during the surgery, and during the postoperative period of 4 h. Akinesia was noted in both the groups and the time of onset of akinesia was noted. Any complications associated with the block such as chemosis or subconjunctival hemorrhage were also noted. Statistical analysis was done using PSS version 25.0, where P < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The baseline pain score was higher in the peribulbar group (1.57). The onset of akinesia was faster in sub-tenons (90.34 s). Complete akinesia was achieved in 82.9% of patients after peribulbar block. There was no significant difference in complications in both groups.
CONCLUSION
Sub-tenons block is an effective and safer technique of ocular anesthesia for SICS. It can be considered as an alternative to the conventional peribulbar block for SICS.
Topics: Humans; Anesthetics, Local; Ophthalmology; India; Anesthesia, Local; Cataract Extraction; Pain; Cataract; Lidocaine
PubMed: 36308108
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1553_22 -
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2022Levodopa (L-dopa) is the gold standard in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). It dates back to 1500 to 1000 BC when it was used in the Indian Ayurvedic and...
Levodopa (L-dopa) is the gold standard in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). It dates back to 1500 to 1000 BC when it was used in the Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine. Certain beans such as and contain L-dopa. The plant (Mp) or velvet bean, cultivated in Eastern India and Southern China, contains L-dopa at a concentration of 5% and was used for the management of PD. Later, workers have documented the neuroprotective, neurorestorative, and immunomodulatory properties of Mp. Double-blind studies conducted in the Western world have proved the efficacy of Mp and reported some toxic side effects as well. In the Western world, the credit for isolating L-dopa from the seeds of or goes to Markus Guggenheim, a biochemist from Sweden in 1913. However, it has been used with success ever since Arvid Carlsson established the reversibility of reserpine-induced akinesia in rabbits in the late 1950s with the use of intravenous dopamine, and Oleh Hornykiewicz demonstrated its deficiency in the striatum in 1960-1961. George Cotzias used it in patients in a low and slow incremental fashion in 1967, and Melvin Yahr and his colleagues performed double-blind study on in-patients with success in 1969. Complications with its long-term use, particularly the on-off phenomenon, and dyskinesias appeared soon, and measures have been undertaken to reduce their incidence. Researches on alternative modes of delivery are carried out in various centers, and others are under investigation in the laboratories.
PubMed: 35342258
DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_474_21