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Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Mar 2020To identify or use alcohol abuse and abuse in the IAMSPE elderly, through the application of AUDIT, socioeconomic characterization of the elderly, and problems...
OBJECTIVE
To identify or use alcohol abuse and abuse in the IAMSPE elderly, through the application of AUDIT, socioeconomic characterization of the elderly, and problems associated with drinking and weight, if there is a relationship between depression and alcohol abuse.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach. One hundred elderly patients were interviewed to apply a socioeconomic form and to assess alcohol consumption from AUDIT.
RESULTS
correlation between alcohol consumption and female gender (p = 0.021). Most of the participants were between 60 and 79 years old, were female, had a partner, had completed elementary school, had income and selected house, were retired and unemployed.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, we found no correlation between alcohol abuse and depression; Only one correlation was found between male gender and higher alcohol abuse. However, a significant prevalence of moderate use of high alcohol was found (3.9% in women and 21.7% in men), i.e., it poses a risk to the health of the elderly.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatients; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32520150
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.3.307 -
Australian and New Zealand Journal of... Oct 2002
Topics: Alcoholism; Australia; Humans; Public Health; Risk Factors; Violence
PubMed: 12413281
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00337.x -
Substance Use & Misuse Nov 2017Alcohol use is a pervasive and costly public health problem in the United States. Relapse rates from alcohol use disorders are high. Although exercise has been proposed...
BACKGROUND
Alcohol use is a pervasive and costly public health problem in the United States. Relapse rates from alcohol use disorders are high. Although exercise has been proposed as a strategy to prevent relapse, lifestyle modification is the least studied aspect of relapse prevention programs, especially among racial/ethnic minority populations.
OBJECTIVE
The current study assessed whether being physically active was associated with remission from alcohol abuse or dependence among Black (African American and Afro Caribbean) adults in the U.S.
METHOD
We utilized data on Black adult participants (n = 4,828) from the nationally representative National Survey of American Life (NSAL) conducted in 2001-2003. Logistic regression models were estimated to assess the odds of being in 12-month remission or currently meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence based on level of physical activity, adjusting for socio-demographic and neighborhood characteristics.
RESULTS
People who endorsed being physically active had higher odds of being in 12-month remission from alcohol use problems (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.17) than people who were physically inactive, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics. People who were physically active did not differ significantly from those who were inactive with respect to odds of currently meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Conclusions/Importance: Physical activity was positively associated with being in 12-month remission from alcohol use problems. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal ordering and to explore exercise as a potential relapse prevention strategy for alcohol use problems.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Alcoholism; Caribbean Region; Ethnicity; Exercise; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Minority Groups; Recurrence; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 28704120
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1310245 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Sep 2016This review summarizes the American Physiological Society (APS) Presidential Symposium 1 entitled "Physiological Processes Underlying Organ Injury in Alcohol Abuse" at... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the American Physiological Society (APS) Presidential Symposium 1 entitled "Physiological Processes Underlying Organ Injury in Alcohol Abuse" at the 2016 Experimental Biology meeting. The symposium was organized by Dr. Patricia Molina, past president of the APS, was held on April 3 at the Convention Center in San Diego, CA, and was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The "Physiological Processes Underlying Organ Injury in Alcohol Abuse Symposium" assembled experts and leaders in the field and served as a platform to discuss and share knowledge on the latest developments and scientific advances on the mechanisms underlying organ injury in alcohol abuse. This symposium provided unique, interdisciplinary alcohol research, including several organs, liver, muscle, adipose, and brain, affected by excessive alcohol use.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Liver; Muscular Atrophy
PubMed: 27436613
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2016 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2018
Topics: Alcoholism; Comorbidity; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 31198650
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropharmacology Aug 2017Family, twin and adoption studies demonstrate clearly that alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorders are phenotypically complex and heritable. The heritability of... (Review)
Review
Family, twin and adoption studies demonstrate clearly that alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorders are phenotypically complex and heritable. The heritability of alcohol use disorders is estimated at approximately 50-60% of the total phenotypic variability. Vulnerability to alcohol use disorders can be due to multiple genetic or environmental factors or their interaction which gives rise to extensive and daunting heterogeneity. This heterogeneity makes it a significant challenge in mapping and identifying the specific genes that influence alcohol use disorders. Genetic linkage and (candidate gene) association studies have been used now for decades to map and characterize genomic loci and genes that underlie the genetic vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. These approaches have been moderately successful in identifying several genes that contribute to the complexity of alcohol use disorders. Recently, genome-wide association studies have become one of the major tools for identifying genes for alcohol use disorders by examining correlations between millions of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms with diagnosis status. Genome-wide association studies are just beginning to uncover novel biology; however, the functional significance of results remains a matter of extensive debate and uncertainty. In this review, we present a select group of genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence, as one example of a way to generate functional hypotheses, within the addiction cycle framework. This analysis may provide novel directions for validating the functional significance of alcohol dependence candidate genes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
Topics: Alcoholism; Behavior, Addictive; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 28118990
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.017 -
Psychopharmacology Oct 2013An increasingly compelling literature points to a major role for the glutamate system in mediating the effects of alcohol on behavior and the pathophysiology of... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
An increasingly compelling literature points to a major role for the glutamate system in mediating the effects of alcohol on behavior and the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Preclinical studies indicate that glutamate signaling mediates certain aspects of ethanol's intoxicating and rewarding effects, and undergoes adaptations following chronic alcohol exposure that may contribute to the withdrawal, craving and compulsive drug-seeking that drive alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
OBJECTIVES
We discuss the potential for targeting the glutamate system as a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach to treating alcohol use disorders, focusing on five major components of the glutamate system: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and specific NMDA subunits, the glycineB site on the NMDA receptors (NMDAR), L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid ionotropic (AMPA) and kainate (KAR) receptors, metabotropic receptors (mGluR), and glutamate transporters.
RESULTS
Chronic alcohol abuse produces a hyperglutamatergic state, characterized by elevated extracellular glutamate and altered glutamate receptors and transporters. Pharmacologically manipulating glutamatergic neurotransmission alters alcohol-related behaviors including intoxication, withdrawal, and alcohol-seeking, in rodents and human subjects. Blocking NMDA and AMPA receptors reduces alcohol consumption in rodents, but side-effects may limit this as a therapeutic approach. Selectively targeting NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits (e.g., GluN2B, GluA3), or the NMDAR glycineB site offers an alternative approach. Blocking mGluR5 potently affects various alcohol-related behaviors in rodents, and mGluR2/3 agonism also suppresses alcohol consumption. Finally, glutamate transporter upregulation may mitigate behavioral and neurotoxic sequelae of excess glutamate caused by alcohol.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the many challenges that remain, targeting the glutamate system offers genuine promise for developing new treatments for alcoholism.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Protein Subunits; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 23995381
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3226-2 -
Alcohol Research & Health : the Journal... 2003Medical conditions and disorders must be carefully defined both for research and for clinical practice. The most widely used definitions for alcohol use disorders are... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Medical conditions and disorders must be carefully defined both for research and for clinical practice. The most widely used definitions for alcohol use disorders are those determined by editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization. Alcoholism treatment studies, human genetics studies, and epidemiology all rely on these definitions, which constitute a near-universal feature of research on alcoholism. Studies consistently show high reliability for DSM-IV and ICD-10 alcohol dependence but lower reliability for alcohol abuse/harmful use. Validity studies indicate that DSM-IV and ICD-10 alcohol dependence diagnoses have good validity, but the validity for alcohol abuse/harmful use is much lower. The hierarchical relationship of alcohol abuse to dependence may contribute to the reliability and validity problems of abuse, an issue likely to be addressed when work begins on DSM-V.
Topics: Alcoholism; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Reproducibility of Results; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 15301396
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023The COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected young adults' psychological well-being, increasing their stress levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and potentially...
The COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected young adults' psychological well-being, increasing their stress levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and potentially triggering health-risk behaviors. The present study was aimed at investigating the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors among young adults living in Italy. Participants were 370 emerging adults (63% women, 37% men; = 21.00, = 2.96, range: 18-30) who were recruited through an online survey between November 2021 and March 2022. Participants completed measures of alcohol abuse, drunkorexia behaviors, negative life experiences, and post-traumatic symptoms related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The results showed that the emotional impact and negative life experiences associated with the pandemic predicted both alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors, albeit in different ways. Specifically, the number of negative life experiences during the pandemic and the tendency to avoid COVID-19-related negative thoughts positively predicted alcohol abuse; and the presence of intrusive thoughts associated with the pandemic significantly predicted the frequency of drunkorexia behaviors. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Child, Preschool; COVID-19; Pandemics; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Emotions
PubMed: 36834161
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043466 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Nov 2017Health outcomes, including chronic disease and mortality, attributed to or associated with alcohol abuse are discrepant between African Americans and Whites. To date,...
Health outcomes, including chronic disease and mortality, attributed to or associated with alcohol abuse are discrepant between African Americans and Whites. To date, the topic is not fully understood and few studies conducted have used biomarker indicators of health. We investigated whether the association between alcohol abuse and biomarkers of the neuroendocrine system vary between black or African American and White respondents aged 34-84 from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) II (2004-2006) (n=1129). Alcohol abuse was assessed with a modified version of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression was used to evaluate whether race moderated the associations between alcohol abuse and four biomarkers-urinary cortisol and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), epinephrine and norepinephrine-and two composite summary scores, each consisting of two components that characterize the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis and sympathetic nervous systems (SNS), respectively. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, current drinking, smoking, exercise, fast food consumption, heart disease, blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, medication use, anxiety/depression, sleep duration, and cholesterol markers. Race significantly moderated the associations between alcohol abuse and norepinephrine concentration (χ [1]=4.48, p=0.034) and the SNS composite score (χ [1]=5.83, p=0.016). Alcohol abuse was associated with higher mean norepinephrine levels (b=0.26, standard error (SE)=0.12, p=0.034) and SNS composite score (b=0.23, SE=0.11, p=0.016) for African Americans compared to Whites. Interestingly, for Whites a paradoxical association between alcohol abuse, norepinephrine and SNS levels was observed; those who abused alcohol had lower mean norepinephrine levels than non-abusers. Race differences in neuroendocrine response could be biological pathways that contribute the excess risk of chronic disease and mortality attributed to alcohol abuse among African Americans compared to Whites. Replication of these analyses in larger cohorts are warranted in addition to further studies of underlying mechanisms among Blacks and Whites separately.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcoholism; Biomarkers; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Sympathetic Nervous System; United States; White People
PubMed: 28751021
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.154