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Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2020Telomeres length and telomerase activity are currently considered aging molecular stigmata. Water is a major requirement for our body and water should be alkaline....
Telomeres length and telomerase activity are currently considered aging molecular stigmata. Water is a major requirement for our body and water should be alkaline. Recent reports have shown that aging is related to a reduced water intake. We wanted to investigate the effect of the daily intake of alkaline water on the molecular hallmark of aging and the anti-oxidant response. We watered a mouse model of aging with or without alkaline supplementation. After 10 months, we obtained the blood, the bone marrow and the ovaries from both groups. In the blood, we measured the levels of ROS, SOD-1, GSH, and the telomerase activity and analysed the bone marrow and the ovaries for the telomeres length. We found reduced ROS levels and increased SOD-1, GSH, telomerase activity and telomeres length in alkaline supplemented mice. We show here that watering by using alkaline water supplementation highly improves aging at the molecular level.
Topics: Aging; Alkalies; Animals; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Water
PubMed: 32106720
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1733547 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root...
The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root canal sealers containing varied amounts of different calcium silicates (CaSi): a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (1−10% and 20−30%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide and tricalcium aluminate (CERASEAL); a tricalcium silicate (5−15%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide and lithium carbonate (AH PLUS BIOCERAMIC) and a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (10% and 25%)-containing sealer with calcium aluminate, tricalcium aluminate and tantalite (NEOSEALER FLO). An epoxy resin-based sealer (AH PLUS) was used as control. The initial and final setting times, radiopacity, flowability, film thickness, open pore volume, water absorption, solubility, calcium release and alkalizing activity were tested. The nucleation of calcium phosphates and/or apatite after 28 days aging in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) was evaluated by ESEM-EDX, vibrational IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The analyses showed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus the longest final setting times (1344 ± 60 and 1300 ± 60 min, respectively), while shorter times for AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal (660 ± 60 and 720 ± 60 min, respectively). Radiopacity, flowability and film thickness complied with ISO 6876/12 for all tested materials. A significantly higher open pore volume was observed for NeoSealer Flo, AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal when compared to AH Plus (p < 0.05), significantly higher values were observed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.05). Ceraseal and AH Plus revealed the lowest solubility. All CaSi-containing sealers released calcium and alkalized the soaking water. After 28 days immersion in HBSS, ESEM-EDX analyses revealed the formation of a mineral layer that covered the surface of all bioceramic sealers, with a lower detection of radiopacifiers (Zirconium for Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic, Tantalum for NeoSealer Flo) and an increase in calcium, phosphorous and carbon. The calcium phosphate (CaP) layer was more evident on NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic. IR and micro-Raman revealed the formation of calcium carbonate on the surface of all set materials. A thin layer of a CaP phase was detected only on AH Plus Bioceramic and NeoSealer Flo. Ceraseal did not show CaP deposit despite its highest calcium release among all the tested CaSi-containing sealers. In conclusion, CaSi-containing sealers met the required chemical and physical standards and released biologically relevant ions. Slight/limited apatite nucleation was observed in relation to the high carbonation processes.
Topics: Root Canal Filling Materials; Calcium; Dental Pulp Cavity; Silicates; Water; Apatites
PubMed: 36430393
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213914 -
Journal of Environmental Management May 2023Sustainability concerns as well as recent increases in fertilizer prices exacerbates the need to optimise the use of biowastes as fertilizers. For this reason, we...
BACKGROUND
Sustainability concerns as well as recent increases in fertilizer prices exacerbates the need to optimise the use of biowastes as fertilizers. For this reason, we investigated how different pretreatments affect the P dynamics when biofertilizers are placed in the soil.
METHODS
Sewage sludge (SS), sewage sludge ash (SS-ash), meat and bone meal (MBM), and the solid fraction of biogas digestate (BGF) were pretreated with HSO, NaOH, and Ca(OH) and incubated for 2 and 12 days, respectively, in a one-dimensional reaction system for detailed studies of the interactions in the biomaterial-soil interface and the soil adjacent to the placement zone.
RESULTS
Our results showed that acidification and treatment with NaOH increased the P solubility of the biomaterials. The P loss from the biomaterial layer to the soil was correlated with water-extractable P in the biomaterials (0.659) and water-extractable P in the soil (0.809). Acidification significantly increased the total amount of P depleted from the biomaterial to the soil whereas NaOH pre-treatment did not. However, for NaOH-treated SS and SS-ash, the apparent recoveries were significantly higher compared to the acidification due to a decrease in soil P sorption capacity as the soil pH increased due to residual alkalinity in the biomaterials.
CONCLUSIONS
Acidification showed promising results by increasing the P solubility of all the biomaterials, and the alkalinization of SS and SS-ash with NaOH by increasing the apparent recovery in the soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the effects of these treatments on plant growth and P uptake.
Topics: Soil; Solubility; Sewage; Coal Ash; Sodium Hydroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Fertilizers
PubMed: 36764179
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117447 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Aug 2020The pH of airway surface liquid (ASL) is a key factor that determines respiratory host defense; ASL acidification impairs and alkalinization enhances key defense...
The pH of airway surface liquid (ASL) is a key factor that determines respiratory host defense; ASL acidification impairs and alkalinization enhances key defense mechanisms. Under healthy conditions, airway epithelia secrete base ([Formula: see text]) and acid (H) to control ASL pH (pH). Neutrophil-predominant inflammation is a hallmark of several airway diseases, and TNFα and IL-17 are key drivers. However, how these cytokines perturb pH regulation is uncertain. In primary cultures of differentiated human airway epithelia, TNFα decreased and IL-17 did not change pH. However, the combination (TNFα+IL-17) markedly increased pH by increasing [Formula: see text] secretion. TNFα+IL-17 increased expression and function of two apical [Formula: see text] transporters, CFTR anion channels and pendrin Cl/[Formula: see text] exchangers. Both were required for maximal alkalinization. TNFα+IL-17 induced pendrin expression primarily in secretory cells where it was coexpressed with CFTR. Interestingly, significant pendrin expression was not detected in CFTR-rich ionocytes. These results indicate that TNFα+IL-17 stimulate [Formula: see text] secretion via CFTR and pendrin to alkalinize ASL, which may represent an important defense mechanism in inflamed airways.
Topics: Alkalies; Bicarbonates; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Interleukin-17; Respiratory Mucosa; Sulfate Transporters; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 32432926
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00112.2020 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023In the present study, we have produced a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel from a bacterial cellulose etherification reaction with chloroacetic acid in an...
In the present study, we have produced a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel from a bacterial cellulose etherification reaction with chloroacetic acid in an alkaline medium. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized via economical and environmentally friendly methods using the bacterium. After purification, freeze-drying, and milling, BC microparticles were dispersed in NaOH solution for different time periods before the etherification reaction. This has allowed the understanding of the alkalinization effect on BC modification. All synthesized CMC were soluble in water, and FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the etherification reaction. The bath of BC in NaOH solution affects both molecular weight and degree of substitution. SEM analysis revealed the change of BC microstructure from fibrous-like to a smooth, uniform structure. The CMC-0 h allowed the production of crosslinked hydrogel after dehydrothermal treatment. Such hydrogel has been characterized rheologically and has shown a water absorption of 35 times its original weight. The optimization of the CMC produced from BC could pave the way for the production of ultrapure hydrogel to be applied in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry.
Topics: Hydrogels; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cellulose; Sodium Hydroxide; Water
PubMed: 36677887
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020829 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020The present contribution evaluates the methods of degradation and stabilization of alum-containing paper with a focus on the alkaline environment achieved by... (Review)
Review
The present contribution evaluates the methods of degradation and stabilization of alum-containing paper with a focus on the alkaline environment achieved by deacidification procedures. In terms of reviewed subjects, the contribution focuses on alum-rosin sized paper, which is still used as a carrier of knowledge and information; however, it also mentions cellulose itself and other brands of paper. The contribution summarizes the results on the homogeneity of the distribution of alum and rosin in the paper mass and on the paper surface. It provides the knowledge gained in the field of alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation with special regard to transition metal species. It shows the values of alkaline reserves achieved in the main mass-deacidification processes. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the contribution emphasizes the procedures of paper stabilization. Criteria of "increased mechanical permanence and lifetime prolongation" adopted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of individual mass-deacidification processes were applied and corresponding data are introduced. The contribution also draws attention to the existence of open issues in the area of paper degradation and stabilization.
Topics: Alkalies; Alum Compounds; Cellulose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxidation-Reduction; Paper; Resins, Plant
PubMed: 33317188
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245815 -
Chemical Reviews Oct 2016The increase in the global atmospheric CO concentration resulting from over a century of combustion of fossil fuels has been associated with significant global climate... (Review)
Review
The increase in the global atmospheric CO concentration resulting from over a century of combustion of fossil fuels has been associated with significant global climate change. With the global population increase driving continued increases in fossil fuel use, humanity's primary reliance on fossil energy for the next several decades is assured. Traditional modes of carbon capture such as precombustion and postcombustion CO capture from large point sources can help slow the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO concentration, but only the direct removal of CO from the air, or "direct air capture" (DAC), can actually reduce the global atmospheric CO concentration. The past decade has seen a steep rise in the use of chemical sorbents that are cycled through sorption and desorption cycles for CO removal from ultradilute gases such as air. This Review provides a historical overview of the field of DAC, along with an exhaustive description of the use of chemical sorbents targeted at this application. Solvents and solid sorbents that interact strongly with CO are described, including basic solvents, supported amine and ammonium materials, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as the primary classes of chemical sorbents. Hypothetical processes for the deployment of such sorbents are discussed, as well as the limited array of technoeconomic analyses published on DAC. Overall, it is concluded that there are many new materials that could play a role in emerging DAC technologies. However, these materials need to be further investigated and developed with a practical sorbent-air contacting process in mind if society is to make rapid progress in deploying DAC as a means of mitigating climate change.
Topics: Adsorption; Air; Alkalies; Amines; Carbon Dioxide; Coordination Complexes
PubMed: 27560307
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173 -
Nutrients Apr 2018Modern Western diets, with higher contents of animal compared to fruits and vegetable products, have a greater content of acid precursors vs. base precursors, which... (Review)
Review
Modern Western diets, with higher contents of animal compared to fruits and vegetable products, have a greater content of acid precursors vs. base precursors, which results in a net acid load to the body. To prevent inexorable accumulation of acid in the body and progressively increasing degrees of metabolic acidosis, the body has multiple systems to buffer and titrate acid, including bone which contains large quantities of alkaline salts of calcium. Both in vitro and in vivo studies in animals and humans suggest that bone base helps neutralize part of the dietary net acid load. This raises the question of whether decades of eating a high acid diet might contribute to the loss of bone mass in osteoporosis. If this idea is true, then additional alkali ingestion in the form of net base-producing foods or alkalinizing salts could potentially prevent this acid-related loss of bone. Presently, data exists that support both the proponents as well as the opponents of this hypothesis. Recent literature reviews have tended to support either one side or the other. Assuming that the data cited by both sides is correct, we suggest a way to reconcile the discordant findings. This overview will first discuss dietary acids and bases and the idea of changes in acid balance with increasing age, then review the evidence for and against the usefulness of alkali therapy as a treatment for osteoporosis, and finally suggest a way of reconciling these two opposing points of view.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acids; Age Factors; Alkalies; Animals; Bone Remodeling; Diet; Fruit; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Meat; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PubMed: 29690515
DOI: 10.3390/nu10040517 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022The high salt-alkalinity of bauxite residue (BR) hinders plant growth and revegetation of bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDA), which cause serious potential...
The high salt-alkalinity of bauxite residue (BR) hinders plant growth and revegetation of bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDA), which cause serious potential environmental and ecological risks. Bioneutralization is a promising method for improving the properties of BR and plant colonization. In the present study, a strong saline-alkali tolerant bacteria (ZH-1) was isolated from aged BR and identified as sp. The medium of ZH-1 was optimized by orthogonal tests, and ZH-1 could decrease the medium pH from 11.8 to 6.01 (agitated culture) and 6.48 (static culture) by secretion of citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid. With the inoculation of ZH-1, the pH of BR decreased from 11.6 to 8.76, and the water-soluble salt in BR increased by 68.11%. ZH-1 also changed the aggregate size distribution of BR, the mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates increased by 18.76% and 10.83%, respectively. At the same time, the stability of the aggregates obviously increased and the destruction rate decreased from 94.37% to 73.46%. In addition, the microbial biomass carbon increased from 425 to 2794 mg/kg with the inoculation of ZH-1. Bacterial community analysis revealed that Clostridia, Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the main classes in the naturalized BR, and the inoculation of ZH-1 increased the diversity of bacteria in the BR. Overall, ZH-1 has great potential for neutralization and improvement the properties of BR and may be greatly beneficial for the revegetation of BRDA.
Topics: Alkalies; Aluminum Oxide; Bacteria; Carbon; Oxalic Acid; Plants; Soil; Water
PubMed: 36141868
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811590 -
Eye (London, England) Aug 2020
Topics: Alkalies; Burns, Chemical; Eye; Eye Injuries; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 31848459
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0735-1