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International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2013Five strains of anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli isolated from the human oral cavity were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were...
Description of Alloprevotella rava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity, and reclassification of Prevotella tannerae Moore et al. 1994 as Alloprevotella tannerae gen. nov., comb. nov.
Five strains of anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli isolated from the human oral cavity were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains represented a novel group within the family Prevotellaceae, and the most closely related species was Prevotella tannerae. P. tannerae and the novel taxon are deeply branched from the genus Prevotella, with sequence identities to the type strain of the type species of Prevotella, Prevotella melaninogenica, of 82.2 and 85.6 %, respectively. The novel genus Alloprevotella gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species Alloprevotella rava gen. nov., sp. nov. and the previously named Prevotella tannerae Moore et al. 1994 as Alloprevotella tannerae gen. nov., comb. nov. The type species is Alloprevotella tannerae. The type strain of Alloprevotella rava is 81/4-12(T) ( = DSM 22548(T) = CCUG 58091(T)) and the type strain of Alloprevotella tannerae is ATCC 51259(T) = CCUG 34292(T) = CIP 104476(T) = NCTC 13073(T). Alloprevotella rava is weakly to moderately saccharolytic and produces moderate amounts of acetic acid and major amounts of succinic acid as end products of fermentation. Strains are sensitive to 20 % bile and hydrolyse gelatin. The principal cellular long-chain fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 47 mol%.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Phylogeny; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Succinic Acid
PubMed: 22753527
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041376-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Children with cerebral palsy (CP) present a higher prevalence and severity of caries. Although researchers have studied multiple risk factors for caries in CP, the role...
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) present a higher prevalence and severity of caries. Although researchers have studied multiple risk factors for caries in CP, the role of microorganisms in caries remains one of the critical factors worth exploring. In order to explore the differences in the supragingival plaque microbiota (SPM), supragingival plaque samples were collected from 55 CP children and 23 non-CP children for 16S rRNA sequencing. Distinct SPM composition was found between CP children with severe caries (CPCS) and non-CP children with severe caries (NCPCS). Further subanalysis was also done to identify if there were any differences in SPM among CP children with different degrees of caries, namely, caries-free (CPCF), mild to moderate caries (CPCM), and severe caries (CPCS). After selecting the top 15 most abundant species in all groups, we found that CPCS was significantly enriched for , , , , , , , , and compared to NCPCS. By comparing CPCF, CPCM, and CPCS, we found that the core caries-associated microbiota in CP children included , , , , and , while and r were dental health-associated microbiota in CP children. Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant difference between NCPCS and CPCS, but the latter had a much simpler core correlation network than that of NCPCS. Among CP children, CPCM and CPCF displayed lower bacterial diversity and simpler correlation networks than those of CPCS. In summary, the study showed the specific SPM characteristics of CPCS compared to NCPCS and revealed the core SPM in CP children with different severities of caries (CPCF, CPCM, and CPCS) and their correlation network. Hopefully, the study would shed light on better caries prevention and therapies for CP children. Findings from the current study offer exciting insights that warrant larger cohort studies inclusive of saliva and feces samples to investigate the potential pathogenic role of oral microbiota through the oral-gut-brain axis in CP children with caries.
Topics: Brain; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35480234
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814473 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome.
OBJECTIVES
We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome.
METHOD
Patients with periodontitis with Parkinson's disease (PA+P) and without PA (P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled. Clinical, periodontal and neurological parameters were recorded. The severity of PA motor functions was measured. Unstimulated saliva samples and stool samples were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3 regions) was performed.
RESULTS
PA patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunction and comparable plaque scores as those without, indicating that oral hygiene was efficient in the PA+P group. In saliva, there were statistically significant differences in beta diversity between HC and PA+P (p = 0.001), HC and P (p = 0.001), and P and PA+P (p = 0.028). The microbial profiles of saliva and fecal samples were distinct. Mycoplasma faucium, Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) were increased in P; Prevotella pallens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria multispecies were more abundant in PA+P group, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Dialister succinatiphilus, Butyrivibrio crossotus and Alloprevotella tannerae were detected in fecal samples in P groups compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
No significant differences were detected between Parkinson's and non-Parkinson's gut microbiomes, suggesting that Parkinson's disease modifies the oral microbiome in periodontitis subjects independent of the gut microbiome.
PubMed: 38528960
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2331264 -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2021Many factors can contribute to the exact makeup of the salivary microbiome. Differences in the oral microbiome occur with old age, which may be due to oral conditions...
BACKGROUND
Many factors can contribute to the exact makeup of the salivary microbiome. Differences in the oral microbiome occur with old age, which may be due to oral conditions and diseases associated with old age, such as edentulism, as well as other unknown causes.
METHODS
The salivary microbiome was sampled in patients from a large urban clinic. For all subjects age, gender, periodontal status, caries status, presence of edentulism, medications, and tobacco usage were recorded. Multifactor analysis was used to study variation in salivary microbiome profiles linked to these factors.
RESULTS
In the population sampled, there were significantly higher numbers of edentulous subjects, and increased levels of polypharmacy found with aging. Large differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity of the salivary microbiome in the old age group were largely linked to edentulism. However, multivariable analysis revealed, even after adjusting for differences in edentulism, polypharmacy, tobacco usage, periodontal disease, caries level, and gender, that old age itself was associated with lower levels of taxa Porphyromonas endodontalis, Alloprevotella tannerae, Filifactor alocis, Treponema, Lautropia Mirabilis and Pseudopropionibacterium sp._HMT_194. Surprisingly, of these taxa, most were ones known to reside on or near tooth surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
Another factor or factors beyond edentulism, polypharmacy and periodontal disease play a role in the differences seen in oral microbiome with old age. The nature of this factor(s) is not known.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Bacteroidetes; Burkholderiaceae; Clostridiales; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 34602059
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01828-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known etiological factor of oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (HNC). HPV positivity and periodontal disease have been associated with...
OBJECTIVES
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known etiological factor of oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (HNC). HPV positivity and periodontal disease have been associated with higher HNC risk, suggesting a role for oral bacterial species. Our objective was to determine oral microbiome profiles in HNC patients (HPV-positive and HPV-negative) and in healthy controls (HC).
METHODS
Saliva samples and swabs of buccal mucosa, supragingival plaque, and tongue were collected from HNC patients ( = 23 patients, = 92 samples) before cancer therapy. Next-generation sequencing (16S-rRNA gene V3-V4 region) was used to determine bacterial taxa relative abundance (RA). β-Diversities of HNC HPV+ ( = 16 patients, = 64 samples) and HNC HPV- ( = 7 patients, = 28 samples) groups were compared using PERMANOVA (pMonte Carlo < 0.05). LEfSe discriminant analysis was performed to identify differentiating taxa (Log LDA > 2.0). RA differences were analyzed by Mann-Whitney -test (α = 0.05). CombiROC program was used to determine multi-marker bacterial signatures. The Microbial Interaction Network Database (MIND) and LitSuggest online tools were used for complementary analyses.
RESULTS
HNC vs. HC and HNC HPV+ vs. HNC HPV- β-diversities differed significantly (pMonte Carlo < 0.05). was the most abundant genus for HNC and HC groups, while and were the most abundant species in HNC and HC patients, respectively, regardless of antibiotics treatment. LEfSe analysis identified 43 and 44 distinctive species for HNC HPV+ and HNC HPV- groups, respectively. In HNC HPV+ group, 26 periodontal disease-associated species identified by LefSe had a higher average RA compared to HNC HPV- group. The significant species included , , , , and spp. (Mann-Whitney -test, < 0.05). Of 43 LEfSe-identified species in HPV+ group, 31 had a higher RA compared to HPV- group (Mann-Whitney -test, < 0.05). MIND analysis confirmed interactions between and spp., representing a multi-marker signature per CombiROC analysis [area under the curve (AUC) > 0.9]. LitSuggest correctly classified 15 articles relevant to oral microbiome and HPV status.
CONCLUSION
Oral microbiome profiles of HNC HPV+ and HNC HPV- patients differed significantly regarding periodontal-associated species. Our results suggest that oral bacterial species (e.g., spp.), possessing unique niches and invasive properties, coexist with HPV within HPV-induced oral lesions in HNC patients. Further investigation into host-microbe interactions in HPV-positive HNC patients may shed light into cancer development.
PubMed: 35116012
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794546 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental disorder that affects pregnant women around the world, with serious consequences for mothers, families, and children. Its...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental disorder that affects pregnant women around the world, with serious consequences for mothers, families, and children. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and medications for treating PPD that can be used during lactation remain to be identified. 919 syrup (919 TJ) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of postpartum depression in both clinical and experimental studies. The mechanism of action of 919 TJ is unclear. 919 syrup is ingested orally, making the potential interaction between the drug and the gut microbiome impossible to ignore. We therefore hypothesized that 919 syrup could improve the symptoms of postpartum depression by affecting the structure and function of the intestinal flora, thereby altering hippocampal metabolism. We compared changes in hippocampal metabolism, fecal metabolism, and intestinal microflora of control BALB/c mice, mice with induced untreated PPD, and mice with induced PPD treated with 919 TJ, and found that 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus corresponded with PPD behaviors. Based on changes in GABA levels, multiple key gut bacterial species ( sp.2.1.33B and sp. CAG:755) were associated with PPD. Metabolic markers that may represent the function of the intestinal microbiota in mice with PPD were identified (Met-Arg, urocanic acid, thioetheramide-PC, L-pipecolic acid, and linoleoyl ethanolamide). The relationship between these factors is not a simple one-to-one correspondence, but more likely a network of staggered functions. We therefore believe that the composition and function of the entire intestinal flora should be emphasized in research studying the gut and PPD, rather than changes in the abundance of individual bacterial species. The introduction of this concept of "GutBalance" may help clarify the relationship between gut bacteria and systemic disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Bifidobacterium; Depression, Postpartum; Desulfovibrio; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pregnancy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 34490139
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694443 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2014Culture-independent analyses have greatly expanded knowledge regarding the composition of complex bacterial communities including those associated with oral diseases. A...
Comparison of bacterial culture and 16S rRNA community profiling by clonal analysis and pyrosequencing for the characterization of the dentine caries-associated microbiome.
Culture-independent analyses have greatly expanded knowledge regarding the composition of complex bacterial communities including those associated with oral diseases. A consistent finding from such studies, however, has been the under-reporting of members of the phylum Actinobacteria. In this study, five pairs of broad range primers targeting 16S rRNA genes were used in clonal analysis of 6 samples collected from tooth lesions involving dentine in subjects with active caries. Samples were also subjected to cultural analysis and pyrosequencing by means of the 454 platform. A diverse bacterial community of 229 species-level taxa was revealed by culture and clonal analysis, dominated by representatives of the genera Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, and Streptococcus. The five most abundant species were: Lactobacillus gasseri, Prevotella denticola, Alloprevotella tannerae, S. mutans and Streptococcus sp. HOT 070, which together made up 31.6 % of the sequences. Two samples were dominated by lactobacilli, while the remaining samples had low numbers of lactobacilli but significantly higher numbers of Prevotella species. The different primer pairs produced broadly similar data but proportions of the phylum Bacteroidetes were significantly higher when primer 1387R was used. All of the primer sets underestimated the proportion of Actinobacteria compared to culture. Pyrosequencing analysis of the samples was performed to a depth of sequencing of 4293 sequences per sample which were identified to 264 species-level taxa, and resulted in significantly higher coverage estimates than the clonal analysis. Pyrosequencing, however, also underestimated the relative abundance of Actinobacteria compared to culture.
Topics: Adult; Dental Caries; Dentin; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Streptococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 25429361
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00164