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Journal of Bacteriology Jan 1991A set of oligonucleotide primers capable of initiating enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction) on a phylogenetically and taxonomically wide range of bacteria... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A set of oligonucleotide primers capable of initiating enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction) on a phylogenetically and taxonomically wide range of bacteria is described along with methods for their use and examples. One pair of primers is capable of amplifying nearly full-length 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from many bacterial genera; the additional primers are useful for various exceptional sequences. Methods for purification of amplified material, direct sequencing, cloning, sequencing, and transcription are outlined. An obligate intracellular parasite of bovine erythrocytes, Anaplasma marginale, is used as an example; its 16S rDNA was amplified, cloned, sequenced, and phylogenetically placed. Anaplasmas are related to the genera Rickettsia and Ehrlichia. In addition, 16S rDNAs from several species were readily amplified from material found in lyophilized ampoules from the American Type Culture Collection. By use of this method, the phylogenetic study of extremely fastidious or highly pathogenic bacterial species can be carried out without the need to culture them. In theory, any gene segment for which polymerase chain reaction primer design is possible can be derived from a readily obtainable lyophilized bacterial culture.
Topics: Bacteria; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Escherichia coli; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotide Probes; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Species Specificity
PubMed: 1987160
DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991 -
Journal of Dairy Science Dec 2017Reproductive technology revolutionized dairy production during the past century. Artificial insemination was first successfully applied to cattle in the early 1900s. The... (Review)
Review
Reproductive technology revolutionized dairy production during the past century. Artificial insemination was first successfully applied to cattle in the early 1900s. The next major developments involved semen extenders, invention of the electroejaculator, progeny testing, addition of antibiotics to semen during the 1930s and 1940s, and the major discovery of sperm cryopreservation with glycerol in 1949. The 1950s and 1960s were particularly productive with the development of protocols for the superovulation of cattle with both pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin/equine chorionic gonadotrophin and FSH, the first successful bovine embryo transfer, the discovery of sperm capacitation, the birth of rabbits after in vitro fertilization, and the development of insulated liquid nitrogen tanks. Improved semen extenders and the replacement of glass ampules with plastic semen straws followed. Some of the most noteworthy developments in the 1970s included the initial successes with in vitro culture of embryos, calves born after chromosomal sexing as embryos, embryo splitting resulting in the birth of twins, and development of computer-assisted semen analysis. The 1980s brought flow cytometric separation of X- and Y-bearing sperm, in vitro fertilization leading to the birth of live calves, clones produced by nuclear transfer from embryonic cells, and ovum pick-up via ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. The 20th century ended with the birth of calves produced from AI with sexed semen, sheep and cattle clones produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cell nuclei, and the birth of transgenic cloned calves. The 21st century has seen the introduction of perhaps the most powerful biotechnology since the development of artificial insemination and cryopreservation. Quick, inexpensive genomic analysis via the use of single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping chips is revolutionizing the cattle breeding industry. Now, with the introduction of genome editing technology, the changes are becoming almost too rapid to fully digest.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Pregnancy; Reproductive Techniques; Semen; Sheep
PubMed: 29153167
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13138 -
IUCrData Aug 2023The title compound, digadolinium(III) oxidodisilicate, Gd[SiO], was obtained in its -type crystal structure after attempts to synthesize GdBr[AsO] as a by-product from...
The title compound, digadolinium(III) oxidodisilicate, Gd[SiO], was obtained in its -type crystal structure after attempts to synthesize GdBr[AsO] as a by-product from fused silica ampoules. It crystallizes isotypically with -type Eu[SiO]. This structure consists of layers of ecliptically arranged oxidodisilicate [SiO] units separated from each other by bilayers consisting of Gd cations.
PubMed: 37693777
DOI: 10.1107/S2414314623006545 -
IUCrData Jul 2023The title compound, dicerium(III) oxidodisilicate, Ce[SiO], was obtained as a by-product in its -type structure after attempts to synthesize CeSbOCl from fused silica...
The title compound, dicerium(III) oxidodisilicate, Ce[SiO], was obtained as a by-product in its -type structure after attempts to synthesize CeSbOCl from fused silica ampoules. It crystallizes isotypically with -La[SiO]. The four crystallographically distinct Ce cations form distorted square anti-prisms, capped square anti-prisms, and bicapped square anti-prisms as coordination polyhedra consisting of oxygen atoms. Four crystallographically different silicon atoms recruit the centers of two different isolated [SiO] units.
PubMed: 37937134
DOI: 10.1107/S2414314623005916 -
Anesthesia, Essays and Researches 2019The frequency of blunders perioperative because of anesthesia is expanding, and the precise occurrence is significantly thought little of practically due to... (Review)
Review
The frequency of blunders perioperative because of anesthesia is expanding, and the precise occurrence is significantly thought little of practically due to underreporting. Root cause analysis of majority of anesthesia errors due to lack of knowledge, unfollow the patient procedures and guidelines, medications errors and lack of communication between the members of anesthesia team leading to morbidity or even mortality. The cornerstone in the operating room environment is the communication, especially the patient's data are accumulated and changed continuously during a patient's anesthesia. Continuous attempts for establishing Iideal strategies to reduce the incidence and chance of anesthesia errors. The advancement of a nonaccuse condition where mistakes are transparently revealed and talked about, and guidelines for naming the medication holders, vials, and ampoules are focused. All endeavors ought to be made in the revealing and anticipation of medical drug errors. It is time to incorporate electronic and digital concepts to encourage the evolution of anesthesia-related drug delivery system.
PubMed: 31198229
DOI: 10.4103/aer.AER_47_19 -
Applied Radiation and Isotopes :... Oct 2023Lu decays through low-energy β- and γ-emissions in addition to conversion and Auger electrons. To support the use of this radiopharmaceutical in Switzerland, a Lu...
Lu decays through low-energy β- and γ-emissions in addition to conversion and Auger electrons. To support the use of this radiopharmaceutical in Switzerland, a Lu solution was standardised using the β-γ coincidence technique, as well as the TDCR method. The solution had no Lu impurity. Primary coincidence measurements, with plastic scintillators for beta detection, were carried out using both analogue and digital electronics. TDCR measurements using only defocusing were also made. Monte Carlo calculations were used to compute the detection efficiency. The coincidence measurements with both analogue and digital electronics are compatible within one standard uncertainty, but they are lower than (and discrepant with) the TDCR measurements. An ampoule of this solution was submitted to the BIPM as a contribution to the Système International de Référence.
PubMed: 37597267
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110986 -
Anaesthesia Jan 1996
Topics: Drug Labeling; Medication Errors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 8669553
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07644.x -
Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2021One ampoule of propofol is often divided into several syringes or is sometimes combined with other drugs that may lead to incompatibility and instability. A systematic... (Review)
Review
One ampoule of propofol is often divided into several syringes or is sometimes combined with other drugs that may lead to incompatibility and instability. A systematic review of literature (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) identified 37 pieces of research which suggest that the data on propofol stability are limited. Results of all of the identified studies indicated that the stability of propofol is less than 24 hours. Additionally, the evidence shows that glass packaging as well as storing in cold and dark conditions promote stability. What is more, propofol was proved to be incompatible with 23 of the 36 drugs tested. In conclusion, there is a relatively small body of literature that measures the physical stability of propofol. The findings of this review recommend keeping propofol in glass and storing it no longer than 24 hours. Compatibility data must be considered in co-administrations with propofol.
Topics: Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Propofol; Syringes
PubMed: 33586420
DOI: 10.5114/ait.2021.103542