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Research in Microbiology Apr 2003The "Nanoarchaeota" are a novel archaeal phylum, forming a unique, deep branch in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree of life. "Nanoarchaeum equitans", the first... (Review)
Review
The "Nanoarchaeota" are a novel archaeal phylum, forming a unique, deep branch in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree of life. "Nanoarchaeum equitans", the first cultivated representative, is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic nano-sized coccus with a genome size of about 490 kb. Growth occurs only in coculture with a new chemolithoautotrophic Ignicoccus species.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Archaea; Base Sequence; Desulfurococcaceae; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Archaeal; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Archaeal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 12706504
DOI: 10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00035-4 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, which forms part of the normal flora and the human commensals of the skin, genitourinary system, and gut. It can cause...
is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, which forms part of the normal flora and the human commensals of the skin, genitourinary system, and gut. It can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and is frequently isolated as part of polymicrobial spectra. Severe monomicrobial infections caused by the genus rarely occur. In this study, we report on septic shock, renal abscess, and bacteremia due to in a woman with nephrosis and diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe isolated from both renal abscess and blood cultures purely. The underlying diseases of the host and the removal of the double J tube were significant predisposing factors in this infection.
PubMed: 35281574
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S353966 -
Eukaryotic Cell Apr 2002Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Evidence for lateral transfer of genes encoding ferredoxins, nitroreductases, NADH oxidase, and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 from anaerobic prokaryotes to Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) in giardia organisms and amebae are hypothesized to be derived from either an ancient anaerobic eukaryote (amitochondriate fossil hypothesis), a mitochondrial endosymbiont (hydrogen hypothesis), or anaerobic bacteria (lateral transfer hypothesis). The goals here were to complete the molecular characterization of giardial and amebic fermentation enzymes and to determine the origins of the genes encoding them, when possible. A putative giardia [2Fe-2S]ferredoxin which had a hypothetical organelle-targeting sequence at its N terminus showed similarity to mitochondrial ferredoxins and the hydrogenosomal ferredoxin of Trichomonas vaginalis (another luminal protist). However, phylogenetic trees were star shaped, with weak bootstrap support, so we were unable to confirm or rule out the endosymbiotic origin of the giardia [2Fe-2S]ferredoxin gene. Putative giardial and amebic 6-kDa ferredoxins, ferredoxin-nitroreductase fusion proteins, and oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases each tentatively supported the lateral transfer hypothesis. Although there were not enough sequences to perform meaningful phylogenetic analyses, the unique common occurrence of these peptides and enzymes in giardia organisms, amebae, and the few anaerobic prokaryotes suggests the possibility of lateral transfer. In contrast, there was more robust phylogenetic evidence for the lateral transfer of G. lamblia genes encoding an NADH oxidase from a gram-positive coccus and a microbial group 3 alcohol dehydrogenase from thermoanaerobic prokaryotes. In further support of lateral transfer, the G. lamblia NADH oxidase and adh3 genes appeared to have an evolutionary history distinct from those of E. histolytica.
Topics: Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Amino Acid Sequence; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Bacteria; Entamoeba histolytica; Fermentation; Ferredoxins; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Giardia lamblia; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Multienzyme Complexes; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nitroreductases; Oxidoreductases; Phylogeny; Prokaryotic Cells; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, Protein
PubMed: 12455953
DOI: 10.1128/EC.1.2.181-190.2002 -
BMC Ophthalmology Nov 2021Parvimonas micra is known as a causative agent of chronic periodontal disease. This Gram-positive obligate anaerobic coccus was cultured from the ocular surface of...
BACKGROUND
Parvimonas micra is known as a causative agent of chronic periodontal disease. This Gram-positive obligate anaerobic coccus was cultured from the ocular surface of blowout fracture-related orbital cellulitis progressing to panophthalmitis.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a woman in her fifties who had panic disorder and subsequently was a victim of domestic violence. These factors led to delayed consultation. At the initial visit to an ophthalmologist, the ocular surface of the right eye was covered with pus. Swelling of the upper and lower eyelids prevented the eyelid from closing and exophthalmos, severe corneal ulcer, panophthalmitis, and no light perception were observed. Head computed tomography revealed an old blowout fracture and chronic sinusitis with orbital cellulitis. P. micra were isolated from culture of pus samples from the sinus and from the ocular surface.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a possibility that P. micra invaded the orbit via the fragile bony site and caused orbital cellulitis, severe corneal ulcer, and panophthalmitis that required enucleation. In cases of coexisting old blowout fracture and chronic sinusitis, the chronic sinusitis should be treated as quickly as possible.
Topics: Female; Firmicutes; Humans; Orbit; Orbital Cellulitis; Orbital Fractures; Panophthalmitis
PubMed: 34758776
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02153-5 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2023Sarcina Ventriculi is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus rarely reported in patients with delayed gastric emptying, emphysematous gastritis, gastric ulcers, and...
Sarcina Ventriculi is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus rarely reported in patients with delayed gastric emptying, emphysematous gastritis, gastric ulcers, and perforation. So far, less than 30 cases of sarcina isolated from the stomach have been reported. Herein, we describe a case of a 66-year-old male with a history of persistent epigastric pain and regurgitation. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed gastric erythema, edema, ulceration, and food bezoar. A gastric biopsy was done to rule out lymphoma. On histopathological examination, sarcina Ventriculi was identified. This organism is likely to get underreported as it may not be that obvious on routinely stained biopsies. Given its association with life-threatening illness such as emphysematous gastritis and perforation, awareness of this organism is important. It's presence in gastric biopsies must be mentioned in the report and should prompt the clinicians to investigate further for functional causes of delayed gastric emptying and gastric outlet obstruction like occult malignancy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Sarcina; Gastroparesis; Gastritis; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
PubMed: 36656232
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1007_21 -
Cureus Jan 2022is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus found on the skin, vagina, and gut, where it acts as an opportunistic pathogen or as part of polymicrobial infections of chronic...
is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus found on the skin, vagina, and gut, where it acts as an opportunistic pathogen or as part of polymicrobial infections of chronic wounds or diabetic ulcers We present a case of a 68-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a late prosthetic hip arthroplasty infection caused by and isolated from sonication fluid cultures. Despite the fact that evidence is scarce, its role and pathogenicity in more severe infections should not be underestimated.
PubMed: 35198324
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21419 -
PloS One 2021A Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium, which we designated strain E39T, was isolated from the rumen epithelium of Korean cattle. The cells were...
A Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium, which we designated strain E39T, was isolated from the rumen epithelium of Korean cattle. The cells were non-motile and had a coccus morphology. Growth of strain E39T was observed at 30-45°C (optimum, 39°C), pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.5), and in the presence of 0.0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.0-0.5%). Strain E39T contained C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ω9c, iso-C15:0, and anteiso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid, and unidentified lipids. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 and MK-9. The major fermented end-products of mucin were acetate and succinate. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.4 mol%. Strain E39T was most closely related to Alloprevotella rava 81/4-12T with an 87.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular properties, strain E39T represents a novel genus of the family Prevotellaceae; as such, the name Pseudoprevotella muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. A functional annotation of the whole genome sequences of P. muciniphila E39T revealed that this bacterium has a putative mucin-degrading pathway and biosynthetic pathways of extracellular polymeric substances and virulence factors which enable bacteria to adhere to the epithelial cells and avoid the host's immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacteroidetes; Cattle; Gastric Mucosa; Genome, Bacterial; Mucins; Rumen
PubMed: 34014990
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251791 -
Current Protocols in Microbiology Feb 2013Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus and a member of the normal skin flora as well as the nasal passages of humans. S. aureus is also...
Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus and a member of the normal skin flora as well as the nasal passages of humans. S. aureus is also the etiological agent of suppurative abscesses, as first described by Sir Alexander Ogston in 1880. Ever since, studies on S. aureus have focused on the complex battery of virulence factors and regulators that allow for its swift transition between commensalism and pathogenic states and escape from host immune defenses. The success of this pathogen is further evidenced by its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance traits through mechanisms that often remain poorly understood.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Containment of Biohazards; Culture Media; Preservation, Biological; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 23408134
DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09c01s28 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2017The microbial characteristics of granular sludge during the rapid start of an enhanced external circulating anaerobic reactor were studied to improve algae-laden water...
The microbial characteristics of granular sludge during the rapid start of an enhanced external circulating anaerobic reactor were studied to improve algae-laden water treatment efficiency. Results showed that algae laden water was effectively removed after about 35 d, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and algal toxin were around 85% and 92%, respectively. Simultaneously, the gas generation rate was around 380 mL/gCOD. The microbial community structure in the granular sludge of the reactor was complicated, and dominated by coccus and filamentous bacteria. , , , , , and were the major microorganisms in the granular sludge. The activities of protease and coenzyme F were high in the granular sludge. The intermittent stirring device and the reverse-flow system were further found to overcome the disadvantage of the floating and crusting of cyanobacteria inside the reactor. Meanwhile, the effect of mass transfer inside the reactor can be accelerated to help give the reactor a rapid start.
PubMed: 28855815
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.011 -
Archives of Microbiology Nov 2021Thanks to its ability to isolate previously uncultured bacterial species, culturomics has dynamized the study of the human microbiota. A new bacterial species, Gemella...
Thanks to its ability to isolate previously uncultured bacterial species, culturomics has dynamized the study of the human microbiota. A new bacterial species, Gemella massiliensis Marseille-P3249, was isolated from a sputum sample of a healthy French man. Strain Marseille-P3249 is a facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, Gram positive, coccus, and unable to sporulate. The major fatty acids were C (34%), C (28%), C (15%) and C (13%). Its 16S rRNA sequence exhibits a 98.3% sequence similarity with Gemella bergeri strain 617-93, its phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. Its digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and OrthoANI values with G. bergeri of only 59.7 ± 5.6% and 94.8%, respectively. These values are lower than the thresholds for species delineation (> 70% and > 95%, respectively). This strain grows optimally at 37 °C and its genome is 1.80 Mbp long with a 30.5 mol% G + C content. Based on these results, we propose the creation of the new species Gemella massilienis sp. nov., strain Marseille-P3249 (= CSUR P3249 = DSMZ 103940).
Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gemella; Humans; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sputum
PubMed: 34420080
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02493-2