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FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Feb 2005Hookworms infect almost one billion people and are a major cause of iron-deficiency anaemia in developing countries of the tropics. Despite their prevalence and the... (Review)
Review
Hookworms infect almost one billion people and are a major cause of iron-deficiency anaemia in developing countries of the tropics. Despite their prevalence and the morbidity they cause, little is known about the immune response to this complex eukaryotic parasite. Recent publications have shed light on the human cellular immune responses to hookworms, as well as mechanisms that hookworms utilize to skew the immune response in its favour. Unlike most other human helminth infections, neither age- nor exposure-related immunity develops in the majority of infected people. A vaccine is therefore a highly desirable goal. To this end, gene sequencing efforts have resulted in the deposition of more than 10,000 hookworm cDNA sequences in the public domain, providing a molecular snapshot of this intriguing parasite and providing novel tools for the development of new control strategies. Significant progress has been made in the development of anti-hookworm recombinant vaccines, and clinical trials are expected to begin in the near future.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis; Vaccines
PubMed: 15681140
DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.11.006 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Aug 2008Current knowledge of animal and zoonotic helminthiases in which effects of climate change have been detected is reviewed. Climate variables are able to affect the... (Review)
Review
Current knowledge of animal and zoonotic helminthiases in which effects of climate change have been detected is reviewed. Climate variables are able to affect the prevalence, intensity and geographical distribution of helminths, directly influencing free-living larval stages and indirectly influencing mainly invertebrate, but also vertebrate, hosts. The impact of climate change appears to be more pronounced in trematodes, and is mainly shown by increased cercarial production and emergence associated with global warming. Fascioliasis, schistosomiasis (S. japonicum) and cercarial dermatitis caused by avian schistosomes have been the focus of study. Alveolar echinococcosis is currently the only cestode disease that climate change has been found to influence. Nematodiases, including heterakiasis, different trichostrongyliases and protostrongyliases, ancylostomiases and dirofilariases, are the helminth diseases most intensively analysed with regard to climate change. It may be concluded that helminth diseases should be listed among the infectious diseases with which special care should be taken because of climate change in the future, especially in temperate and colder northern latitudes and in areas of high altitude.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Ecosystem; Greenhouse Effect; Helminthiasis, Animal; Host-Parasite Interactions; Prevalence; Zoonoses
PubMed: 18819671
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasite Immunology 2004Advances in hookworm immunoepidemiology are reviewed. Recent studies demonstrate a mixed Th1/Th2 response in human hookworm infection, with immunosuppression of specific... (Review)
Review
Advances in hookworm immunoepidemiology are reviewed. Recent studies demonstrate a mixed Th1/Th2 response in human hookworm infection, with immunosuppression of specific and nonspecific IFN-gamma responses. There is increasing evidence for protective immunity in human hookworm infection, including anti-larval IL-5- and IgE-dependent mechanisms, and for immunological interactions between hookworm infection and other diseases.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Necator americanus; Necatoriasis
PubMed: 15771680
DOI: 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00727.x -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Aug 2021A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2018 on the efficacies of albendazole and mebendazole against ancylostomiasis in school children of...
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2018 on the efficacies of albendazole and mebendazole against ancylostomiasis in school children of district Swat, Pakistan. Faecal samples were collected from primary school children and preserved in 10% formalin. The samples were then sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology, in the University of Malakand for microscopic analysis. On the basis of drug availability, the Ancylostoma dueodenale infected students were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Albendazole 400-450mg while group B was orally treated with Mebendazole 350-400mg. Eggs per gram were calculated before and after the treatment. From the total sample of 296, 192 (64.8%) children were found infected with Ancylostoma duodenale. Of the total number of infected children, this study found 87.8% (n=137/156)of them with light intensity of infection, 10.8%(n=17/156) with moderate and 1.2% (n=2/156) with heavy intensity of infection. Albendazole showed a high rate 75% of efficacy than mebendazole 71% (p<0.05). The present study concluded that albendazole and mebendazole are drugs of choice for the treatment of Ancylostomiasis.
Topics: Adolescent; Albendazole; Ancylostomiasis; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mebendazole; Pakistan; Parasite Egg Count; Schools; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34418029
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.1055 -
British Medical Journal Nov 1964
Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Anthelmintics; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Iron; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 14204532
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasites & Vectors Jan 2018We present evidence that the dog hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) is underutilised in the study of host-parasite interactions, particularly as a proxy for the... (Review)
Review
We present evidence that the dog hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) is underutilised in the study of host-parasite interactions, particularly as a proxy for the human-hookworm relationship. The inability to passage hookworms through all life stages in vitro means that adult stage hookworms have to be harvested from the gut of their definitive hosts for ex vivo research. This makes study of the human-hookworm interface difficult for technical and ethical reasons. The historical association of humans, dogs and hookworms presents a unique triad of positive evolutionary pressure to drive the A. caninum-canine interaction to reflect that of the human-hookworm relationship. Here we discuss A. caninum as a proxy for human hookworm infection and situate this hookworm model within the current research agenda, including the various 'omics' applications and the search for next generation biologics to treat a plethora of human diseases. Historically, the dog hookworm has been well described on a physiological and biochemical level, with an increasing understanding of its role as a human zoonosis. With its similarity to human hookworm, the recent publications of hookworm genomes and other omics databases, as well as the ready availability of these parasites for ex vivo culture, the dog hookworm presents itself as a valuable tool for discovery and translational research.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 29370855
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2621-2 -
The Indian Medical Gazette May 1951
Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Biometry; Hookworm Infections
PubMed: 14880229
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jun 1962
Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Emigration and Immigration; England; Hookworm Infections; Humans
PubMed: 14473999
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5293.1661 -
PeerJ 2022Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in...
Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in terms of the hosts' health is currently a subject of great research interest. Therapeutic interventions can include manipulations of the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which have immunological interactions important for modulating the host's immune system and for reducing inflammation. Most helminths are intestinal parasites; the intestinal environment provides complex interactions with other microorganisms in which internal and external factors can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, helminths and intestinal microorganisms can modulate the host's immune system either beneficially or harmfully. The immune response can be reduced due to co-infection, and bacteria from the intestinal microbiota can translocate to other organs. In this way, the treatment can be compromised, which, together with drug resistance by the parasites makes healing even more difficult. Thus, this work aimed to understand interactions between the microbiota and parasitic diseases caused by the most important geohelminths and schistosomiasis and the consequences of these associations.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Microbiota; Helminths; Parasites; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 35539016
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13401 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Sep 2022Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworms are recognized agents of human infection in the Asia-Pacific region. We investigated prevalence of zoonotic hookworm infections in dogs...
Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworms are recognized agents of human infection in the Asia-Pacific region. We investigated prevalence of zoonotic hookworm infections in dogs in Grenada in 2021; 40.8% were infected by hookworms, including Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Surveillance of this parasite in dogs and humans is needed in tropical/subtropical countries in the Americas.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Dogs; Feces; Grenada; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 35997602
DOI: 10.3201/eid2809.220634