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Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Nov 2002In today's society small rodents and rabbits are increasingly kept as pets. Anaesthesia is necessary for numerous reasons and proves to be a challenge for many... (Review)
Review
In today's society small rodents and rabbits are increasingly kept as pets. Anaesthesia is necessary for numerous reasons and proves to be a challenge for many veterinarians. Following surgical intervention analgesia is frequently neglected. This article reviews the preparation of small mammals for anaesthesia, the choice of anaesthetics and the possibilities of perioperative care including monitoring, complications, fluid therapy and analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Animals; Intraoperative Care; Postoperative Care; Rabbits; Rodentia
PubMed: 12481539
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.144.11.586 -
Anaesthesia Oct 2021
Review
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Humans; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 34333762
DOI: 10.1111/anae.15552 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Apr 2010Regional anaesthesia (epidural or spinal anaesthesia) is increasingly used for elective and emergency caesarean sections and is considered to be safer for the mother... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Regional anaesthesia (epidural or spinal anaesthesia) is increasingly used for elective and emergency caesarean sections and is considered to be safer for the mother than general anaesthesia. We present some factors that are important to consider when choosing the anaesthetic method for caesarean section.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The article is based on obstetric anaesthesia textbooks, non-systematic searches in PubMed and own clinical experience.
RESULTS
When regional anaesthesia is correctly administrated the foetus/neonate and mother are not much affected, adverse effects are very rare and it is possible to establish contact between the mother and newborn immediately after delivery. Spinal anaesthesia is most common. Epidural anaesthesia is most often used in emergency situations when caesarean section has to be performed instead of the expected vaginal delivery and the women has already been given an epidural. Prophylactic epidural access may be prepared during delivery in women with a high risk of complications in general anaesthesia. Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia is also an option. The most common side effect with regional anaesthesia is hypotension. Recommended preventive measures for hypotension are to cohydrate patients when inducing anaesthesia, to administer small doses of phenylephrine intravenously and to wrap the woman's legs with elastic bandages. There are few contraindications to regional anaesthesia. Women using low-molecular heparin in therapeutic doses or have massive bleeding are not suitable for regional anaesthesia.
INTERPRETATION
There are few adverse effects of regional anaesthesia in caesarean section except for hypotension that can be easily treated.
Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Elective Surgical Procedures; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Interdisciplinary Communication; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy
PubMed: 20379338
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0282 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Mar 1983Following the introduction of muscle relaxants into anaesthesia there became recognised a state in which patients may be aware of their surroundings but unable to... (Review)
Review
Following the introduction of muscle relaxants into anaesthesia there became recognised a state in which patients may be aware of their surroundings but unable to communicate their plight. This state of awareness is more likely to occur during light inhalational or total intravenous anaesthesia. Detection of awareness is difficult and several methods have been described. Measurement of the depth of anaesthesia is also difficult as clinical signs are unreliable and even sophisticated monitoring equipment is unhelpful. Awareness can occur without patient recall and may be due to equipment failure or anaesthetic failure. The former is avoidable and the latter ought to be. Recommendations have been made regarding the use of premedicant drugs and volatile anaesthetic agents to reduce the incidence of awareness.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Awareness; Cognition; Electroencephalography; Equipment Failure; Humans; Mental Recall
PubMed: 6338805
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaesthesia Nov 2016
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Xenon
PubMed: 27530275
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13569 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Dec 2011In recent decades, a number of studies have attempted to determine whether regional anaesthesia offers convincing benefits over general anaesthesia. However, today we... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, a number of studies have attempted to determine whether regional anaesthesia offers convincing benefits over general anaesthesia. However, today we interpret meta-analyses more carefully, and it remains unclear whether regional anaesthesia reduces mortality. However, regional anaesthesia offers superior analgesia over opioid-based analgesia, and a significant reduction in postoperative pain is still a worthwhile outcome. Recent developments in technical aspects of regional anaesthesia have the potential to provide significant advantages for many patients in all age groups. Moreover, studies focusing on specific outcomes have shown benefits for regional anaesthesia used for surgery and postoperative analgesia.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Humans; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22156274
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer340 -
Anaesthesia Jan 2014
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Critical Care; Health Services for the Aged; Humans
PubMed: 24303855
DOI: 10.1111/anae.12488 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2015Perioperative management of chronic wounds demands a multidisciplinary approach. Severe co-morbidities leave these patients prone to post-operative complications. To... (Review)
Review
Perioperative management of chronic wounds demands a multidisciplinary approach. Severe co-morbidities leave these patients prone to post-operative complications. To optimize wound healing, minimally invasive methods, both surgical and anaesthesiological, are applied. Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerveblocks (PNB) are an ideal anaesthesia method for wound revisions, amputations and split skin transplantations. The implementation of PNB allows continued anticoagulant treatment, provides post-operative analgesia, lowers opioid consumption and facilitates mobilization.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Local; Chronic Disease; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Perioperative Care; Preoperative Care; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 26027594
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaesthesia Dec 2003
Review
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Humans
PubMed: 14705684
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03561.x -
Anaesthesia Apr 1961
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology; Equipment and Supplies; Nebulizers and Vaporizers
PubMed: 13687344
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1961.tb13402.x