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International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021(1) Background: Different investigations relate mindfulness practice as a strategy to cope with and improve negative repetitive thinking states and forgiveness. (2)...
(1) Background: Different investigations relate mindfulness practice as a strategy to cope with and improve negative repetitive thinking states and forgiveness. (2) Methods: The aim is to analyze the mediating processes of mindfulness as a trait and the changes in the anger rumination on forgiveness. This sample comprised 264 undergraduate students ( = 24.13 years, = 11.39). The instruments used were the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). For data analysis, the spillover effect was calculated using 10,000 bootstrap samples for the bootstrap confidence intervals (CI). (3) Conclusions: The results confirm that the relationship between mindfulness practice and forgiveness is mediated by changes in mindfulness trait and anger rumination. Given the results obtained, it is considered appropriate to extend the study to samples from other countries, as well as to contexts of depressive rumination or anxiety.
Topics: Anger; Anxiety; Forgiveness; Humans; Mindfulness; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33800890
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052668 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Past research has shown that anger is associated with support for confrontational and punitive responses during crises, and notably with the endorsement of authoritarian...
Past research has shown that anger is associated with support for confrontational and punitive responses during crises, and notably with the endorsement of authoritarian ideologies. One important question is whether it is anger generated specifically in a political context that explains the association between anger and specific political preferences or whether any feeling of anger would be associated with changes in political attitudes. Here, we tested the effect of non-politically motivated incidental anger on the preference for strong leaders. In line with past research, we predicted that anger would increase preferences for strong leaders. Across two experiments, we exposed participants to an anger induction task. Before and after this experimental manipulation, we measured participants' political leader preferences by asking them to choose between the faces of two leaders they would vote for in a hypothetical election. The level of self-reported anger predicted the probability of choosing more dominant-looking and less trustworthy-looking leaders after the induction, suggesting that even non-political incidental anger increases preferences for strong leaders.
Topics: Anger; Attitude; Humans; Politics; Probability; Self Report
PubMed: 35817792
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15765-8 -
Journal of the National Cancer Institute Aug 2022
Topics: Anger; Humans
PubMed: 35191494
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac041 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Apr 2022The functioning of social collectives hinges on the willingness of their members to cooperate with one another and to help those who are in need. Here, we consider how... (Review)
Review
The functioning of social collectives hinges on the willingness of their members to cooperate with one another and to help those who are in need. Here, we consider how such prosocial behavior is shaped by emotions. We offer an integrative review of theoretical arguments and empirical findings concerning how the experience of emotions influences people's own prosocial behavior (intrapersonal effects) and how the expression of emotions influences the prosocial behavior of others (interpersonal effects). We identified research on five broad clusters of emotions associated with opportunity and affiliation (happiness, contentment, hope), appreciation and self-transcendence (gratitude, awe, elevation, compassion), distress and supplication (sadness, disappointment, fear, anxiety), dominance and status assertion (anger, disgust, contempt, envy, pride), and appeasement and social repair (guilt, regret, shame, embarrassment). Our review reveals notable differences between emotion clusters and between intrapersonal and interpersonal effects. Although some emotions promote prosocial behavior in the self and others, most emotions promote prosocial behavior either in the self (via their intrapersonal effects) or in others (via their interpersonal effects), suggesting trade-offs between the functionality of emotional experience and emotional expression. Moreover, interpersonal effects are modulated by the cooperative versus competitive nature of the situation. We discuss the emerging patterns from a social-functional perspective and conclude that understanding the role of emotion in prosociality requires joint attention to intrapersonal and interpersonal effects.
Topics: Altruism; Anger; Emotions; Guilt; Happiness; Humans
PubMed: 34592600
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.029 -
PloS One 2023The role of emotions and cognition in entrepreneurship and strategic decision-making research has thus far been relatively neglected. In this research, we investigate...
The role of emotions and cognition in entrepreneurship and strategic decision-making research has thus far been relatively neglected. In this research, we investigate how anger and hope may influence managers' project retention decisions. While case studies can never test theories, our research aims to expose the Appraisal Tendency Framework (ATF) to empirical reality in a new context. A Palestinian research context characterized by extreme uncertainty is chosen as one that arguably amplifies the effects of high levels of emotion. Three businesses within a holding company were identified and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers responsible for strategic decision-making, with data analysed using Content and Thematic Analyses. The emotions of hope and anger were each independently found to be associated with project retention decisions. However, when hope and anger were experienced together, hope complemented a positive association between anger and retention. The AFT proposes that emotions with different valence (i.e., negative anger and positive hope) may be associated with corresponding thought processes (heuristic or systematic) and still result in similar behavioural outcomes. The findings also highlight implications of decision-making under uncertainty, for practitioners who may benefit from differentiating between the positive and negative influences of anger on decisions.
Topics: Fear; Decision Making; Anger; Emotions; Uncertainty
PubMed: 37075009
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283322 -
Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a... Apr 2016Anger expression styles are associated with physical health, and may affect health by modulating anger experience in daily life. Research examining this process in the...
BACKGROUND
Anger expression styles are associated with physical health, and may affect health by modulating anger experience in daily life. Research examining this process in the daily lives of clinically relevant populations, such as patients with chronic disease, is needed.
METHOD
Community adults with asthma (N = 97) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA; N = 31) completed measures of trait-level anger expression styles (anger-in and anger-out), followed by ecological momentary assessments of anger and physical health five times daily for 7 days.
RESULTS
High anger-in predicted greater momentary anger, physical limitations, and greater asthma symptoms. High anger-out predicted reduced RA symptoms. Momentary anger was robustly associated with more severe symptoms in daily life. Three-way interactions showed that anger-in moderated these momentary anger-symptom associations more consistently in men.
CONCLUSIONS
Anger expression styles, particularly anger-in, may affect the day-to-day adjustment of patients with chronic disease in part by altering the dimensions of everyday anger experience, in ways that appear to differ by gender.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Anger; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 26493555
DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9747-7 -
Thorax Sep 2015
Topics: Anger; Humans; Pleasure; Publishing
PubMed: 26272929
DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207508 -
Cognition & Emotion Nov 2021Adultification, perceiving a child as older and more mature, and anger bias, perceiving anger where it does not exist, are two phenomena disproportionally imposed on...
Adultification, perceiving a child as older and more mature, and anger bias, perceiving anger where it does not exist, are two phenomena disproportionally imposed on Black children compared to White children. The current study assessed whether perceiving a Black child as older increases the odds of mistakenly perceiving anger. Participating were 152 parents who viewed video representations of 40 children in an emotion understanding paradigm. Black children were not seen as older than White children but they did have 1.27 higher odds of being misperceived as angry (< .05). Additionally, for each year increase in perceived age, the odds of anger bias increased by 1.04 for the Black children ( < .05), but did not increase for White children. Implications of this finding include Black children receiving increased consequences when adults perceive them as older and angry.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Anger; Child; Emotions; Humans; Parents; Perception
PubMed: 34278958
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1950127 -
Social Cognitive and Affective... Jan 2016Emotion and cognition are dynamically coupled to bodily arousal: the induction of anger, even unconsciously, can reprioritise neural and physiological resources toward...
Emotion and cognition are dynamically coupled to bodily arousal: the induction of anger, even unconsciously, can reprioritise neural and physiological resources toward action states that bias cognitive processes. Here we examine behavioural, neural and bodily effects of covert anger processing and its influence on cognition, indexed by lexical decision-making. While recording beat-to-beat blood pressure, the words ANGER or RELAX were presented subliminally just prior to rapid word/non-word reaction-time judgements of letter-strings. Subliminal ANGER primes delayed the time taken to reach rapid lexical decisions, relative to RELAX primes. However, individuals with high trait anger were speeded up by subliminal anger primes. ANGER primes increased systolic blood pressure and the magnitude of this increase predicted reaction time prolongation. Within the brain, ANGER trials evoked an enhancement of activity within dorsal pons and an attenuation of activity within visual occipitotemporal and attentional parietal cortices. Activity within periaqueductal grey matter, occipital and parietal regions increased linearly with evoked blood pressure changes, indicating neural substrates through which covert anger impairs semantic decisions, putatively through its expression as visceral arousal. The behavioural and physiological impact of anger states compromises the efficiency of cognitive processing through action-ready changes in autonomic response that skew regional neural activity.
Topics: Adult; Anger; Arousal; Attention; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Reaction Time; Subliminal Stimulation; Young Adult
PubMed: 26253525
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv099 -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Apr 2023Comorbid with chronic pain are negative emotions, anger being particularly salient. To evaluate specific relationships between pain and anger, the present study...
OBJECTIVES
Comorbid with chronic pain are negative emotions, anger being particularly salient. To evaluate specific relationships between pain and anger, the present study deconstructed anger into five parameters and dichotomized pain into sensory vs. affective components. Hypotheses were (i) anger parameters would be significantly and positively correlated with affective pain more so than with sensory pain, and (ii) individual parameters would be differentially related to pain components.
METHODS
The Anger Parameters Scale (APS) was used to rate five parameters of anger: frequency, duration, intensity, latency, and threshold. Also rated was the physical sensation of pain and the degree of distress from pain. The volunteer sample comprised n=51 chronic pain patients, varying in ethnicity/race and educational level.
RESULTS
Descriptive statistics revealed: APS total M=71.52, SD=16.68, Sensory pain M=6.27, SD=2.15, Affective pain M=5.76, SD=2.28. Sensory and affective pain were highly correlated, r=0.70. APS total was significantly associated with affective pain (r=+0.28) but hardly with sensory pain (r=0.12). Two anger parameters significantly correlated with affective pain: anger frequency (r=+0.30, p<0.05) and anger threshold (r=+0.33, p<0.05). Secondarily, certain educational levels (but not gender and ethnicity/race) were associated with significantly higher APS total scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Scores for all variables were in the mid-range. As hypothesized, anger was more strongly correlated with distress/suffering of pain than with physical sensation of pain, though both pain components were closely coupled. Specific findings regarding frequency and threshold imply that being angry often and being oversensitive to provocation are associated with greater distress in this context. In deconstructing anger and dichotomizing pain, the present study extends previous research by elaborating on what aspects of anger are most related to which components of pain. Moreover, certain educational levels with higher levels of anger may need special attention. Further research could examine if treatment of anger might lead to corresponding changes in chronic pain.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Pain; Pain Measurement; Anger; Sensation; Pain Perception
PubMed: 36490215
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0131