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Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2022Tumor-associated anorexia, mainly including cancerous anorexia and chemotherapy-induced anorexia, severely reduces the life quality of cancer patients but lacks of... (Review)
Review
Tumor-associated anorexia, mainly including cancerous anorexia and chemotherapy-induced anorexia, severely reduces the life quality of cancer patients but lacks of effective control until now. Liujunzi decoction (LJZD), a classical tonifying formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has promising effect in preventing and treating many kinds of anorexia. A growing number of evidence showed that LJZD is able to improve tumor-associated anorexia. Up to March 2022, a total of 58 articles studying LJZD or Rikkunshito (the name of LJZD in Japanese herbal medicine) in the treatment of tumor-associated anorexia are searched out in PubMed. This paper summarizes the effect of LJZD in ameliorating tumor-associated anorexia, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of LJZD in treating tumor-associated anorexia, laying foundation for further research.
Topics: Anorexia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Neoplasms; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 35698654
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S365292 -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Feb 1995The National Cancer Institute (Canada) sponsored a workshop on symptom control in Banff, Alberta, in October 1993. This article reports on the workshop recommendations...
The National Cancer Institute (Canada) sponsored a workshop on symptom control in Banff, Alberta, in October 1993. This article reports on the workshop recommendations for research on one symptom complex, the cachexia-anorexia-asthenia syndrome. In addition to encouraging study generation, the recommendations provide a baseline for assessing the scope and strength of future Canadian research initiatives on cachexia-anorexia-asthenia.
Topics: Anorexia; Asthenia; Cachexia; Humans; Neoplasms; Research; Syndrome
PubMed: 7730686
DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(94)00077-x -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2022
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Anorexia; Diarrhea; Feces
PubMed: 36394979
DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.09.0413 -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Apr 2012Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a devastating and debilitating aspect at any stage of malignancy. It presents primarily as anorexia, weight loss and muscle... (Review)
Review
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a devastating and debilitating aspect at any stage of malignancy. It presents primarily as anorexia, weight loss and muscle wasting secondary to inadequate oral intake and metabolic changes. This syndrome is highly prevalent among cancer patients, has a large impact on morbidity and mortality, and impinges on patient quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms of CACS are multifactorial. It is suggested to be the result of tumor-host interactions and cytokines have a siginificant role. Diagnosis of cancer cachexia is complex and multifaceted and requires meticulous clinical examination of the patient. The challenge for clinicians is to know how best to manage the symptoms of weight loss and anorexia for optimal patient outcome. This article outlines the diagnosis of cancer cachexia, reviews its impact on patient quality of life and survival, and updates the reader on potential therapies that may suppress it.
Topics: Anorexia; Cachexia; Humans; Neoplasms; Quality of Life
PubMed: 22745148
DOI: No ID Found -
Nursing Open Mar 2022This study aimed to investigate the current situation of sarcopenia and anorexia of elderly maintenance haemodialysis patients and analyse the influencing factors.
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the current situation of sarcopenia and anorexia of elderly maintenance haemodialysis patients and analyse the influencing factors.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional design was used in this study.
METHODS
One hundred and twelve elderly patients on MHD in 3 haemodialysis centres in Sichuan, China, were selected. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Anorexia was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Anorexia Cachexia Therapy/Anorexia Cachexia Subscale (FAACT/ACS). The relationship between sarcopenia and anorexia was analysed by logistic regression.
RESULTS
The prevalences of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in elderly MHD patients were 52.7% and 39.3%, respectively, and the prevalence of anorexia was 25.9%. Severe sarcopenia was independently associated with anorexia, and weekly exercise frequency was independently associated with anorexia. The low SMI value and slow gait speed were strongly associated with anorexia. This study complied with the STROBE checklist.
Topics: Aged; Anorexia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Renal Dialysis; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 34907670
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1149 -
Vitamins and Hormones 2013Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by body weight loss, depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass, and marked alterations in the metabolic... (Review)
Review
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by body weight loss, depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass, and marked alterations in the metabolic homeostasis. The occurrence of cachexia significantly impinges on patients' morbidity and mortality, and on quality of life. Inflammation, anorexia/malnutrition, alterations of protein and lipid metabolism are among the main mechanisms involved in the development of cachexia. While anorexia and malnutrition have long been known to be contributing factors, the mechanisms leading to inflammation and metabolic alterations were clarified much later. On these premises, several therapeutic approaches were proposed. Most of them are in the preclinical phase, but some have already reached the clinical experimentation stage. This review focuses on treatment options proposed on the basis of mechanistic alterations. In this regard, in addition to nutritional and anti-inflammatory strategies, approaches based on perturbation of specific signal transduction pathways are taken into consideration.
Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cachexia; Humans; Inflammation; Nutritional Support
PubMed: 23601429
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-410473-0.00011-8 -
Nature Metabolism May 2021Bile acids (BAs) are signalling molecules that mediate various cellular responses in both physiological and pathological processes. Several studies report that BAs can...
Bile acids (BAs) are signalling molecules that mediate various cellular responses in both physiological and pathological processes. Several studies report that BAs can be detected in the brain, yet their physiological role in the central nervous system is still largely unknown. Here we show that postprandial BAs can reach the brain and activate a negative-feedback loop controlling satiety in response to physiological feeding via TGR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by multiple conjugated and unconjugated BAs and an established regulator of peripheral metabolism. Notably, peripheral or central administration of a BA mix or a TGR5-specific BA mimetic (INT-777) exerted an anorexigenic effect in wild-type mice, while whole-body, neuron-specific or agouti-related peptide neuronal TGR5 deletion caused a significant increase in food intake. Accordingly, orexigenic peptide expression and secretion were reduced after short-term TGR5 activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that activation of the Rho-ROCK-actin-remodelling pathway decreases orexigenic agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) release in a TGR5-dependent manner. Taken together, these data identify a signalling cascade by which BAs exert acute effects at the transition between fasting and feeding and prime the switch towards satiety, unveiling a previously unrecognized role of physiological feedback mediated by BAs in the central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Bile Acids and Salts; Cell Line; Eating; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 34031591
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00398-4 -
IUBMB Life Oct 2017Obesity has been an epidemic worldwide over the past decades and significantly increases the risk of developing a variety of deadly diseases including type 2 diabetes,... (Review)
Review
Obesity has been an epidemic worldwide over the past decades and significantly increases the risk of developing a variety of deadly diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many cancers. The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease has been well documented. The drastically increased frequency of a number of cancers in obesity has attracted growing interest. On one hand, how increased adiposity promotes cancer development remains poorly understood, despite the fact that considerable epidemiological evidence has suggested links between them. On the other hand, however, numerous studies have shown that tumorigenesis leads to substantial weight loss in a large portion of cancer patients. Here, we summarize the recent advances on our understanding of the link between obesity and cancer development with a focus on the molecular mechanisms accounting for the rising cancer incidence in the context of obesity. In addition, we also discuss how cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia causes weight loss. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(10):776-784, 2017.
Topics: Anorexia; Body Mass Index; Cachexia; Cytokines; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; NF-kappa B; Neoplasms; Obesity; Receptors, Leptin; Risk Factors; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 28858429
DOI: 10.1002/iub.1674 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Aug 2014Cancer, being in fact a generalized disease involving the whole organism, is most frequently associated with metabolic deregulation, a latent inflammatory state and... (Review)
Review
Cancer, being in fact a generalized disease involving the whole organism, is most frequently associated with metabolic deregulation, a latent inflammatory state and anorexia of various degrees. The pathogenesis of this disorder is complex, with multiple dilemmas remaining unsolved. The clinical consequences of the above-mentioned disturbances include cancer-related cachexia and anorexia-cachexia syndrome. These complex clinical entities worsen the prognosis, and lead to deterioration of the quality of life and performance status, and thus require multimodal treatment. Optimal therapy should include nutritional support coupled with pharmacotherapy targeted at underlying pathomechanisms of cachexia. Nevertheless, many issues still need explanation, and efficacious and comprehensive therapy of cancer-related cachexia remains a future objective.
Topics: Anorexia; Antineoplastic Agents; Cachexia; Humans; Malnutrition; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Nutritional Status; Prognosis
PubMed: 25228508
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1118194 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Anorexia is a relevant geriatric syndrome because it accounts for most malnutrition in older adults. Constipation has been suggested as a risk factor for anorexia. This...
Anorexia is a relevant geriatric syndrome because it accounts for most malnutrition in older adults. Constipation has been suggested as a risk factor for anorexia. This study aimed to examine the association between anorexia and functional constipation in community-dwelling older adults. Data on 899 subjects aged 72-86 years were obtained from a follow-up survey of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study in 2018. Anorexia was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), while functional constipation was diagnosed based on Rome IV criteria. Anorexia and functional constipation were present in 30.9% and 19.6% of the participants, respectively. Age, female sex, chewing problems, malnutrition, polypharmacy, low Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, depressed mood, low serum albumin, and functional constipation were associated with anorexia in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression, functional constipation was associated with anorexia (OR 1.478, 95% CI 1.038-2.104) after adjusting for age, female sex, and MMSE score. However, after further adjusting for depressed mood (OR 2.568) and chewing problems (OR 2.196), the relationship was no longer significant. This study showed that functional constipation is associated with anorexia in community-dwelling older adults, but this association is confounded by depressed mood and chewing problems.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Anorexia; Cohort Studies; Constipation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Independent Living; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 34071957
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115754