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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Landfill fires pose a real threat to the environment as they cause the migration of pollutants to the atmosphere and water sources. A greater risk is observed in the...
Landfill fires pose a real threat to the environment as they cause the migration of pollutants to the atmosphere and water sources. A greater risk is observed in the case of wild landfills, which do not have adequate isolation from the ground. The aim of this article is to present the results of studies on the toxicity of waste from a fire in a landfill in Trzebinia (southern Poland). Both soil and waste samples were investigated. The samples were analyzed using the GC-MS method and the leachates using ICP-OES. A total of 32 samples of incinerated waste and soil were collected. The organic compounds included naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo (c) phenanthrene, benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (ghi) fluoranthene, benzo (b + k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) fluoranthene, benzo (c) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (e) pyrene, perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, and dibenzo (a + h) anthracene. Among the inorganic parameters, sulfates, chlorides, arsenic, boron, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were taken into account. Phenanthrene reached values exceeding 33 mg/L. Fluoranthene dominated in most of the samples. Sulfates and chlorides were present in the samples in concentrations exceeding 400 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Compounds contained in burnt waste may have a negative impact on soil and water health safety. Therefore, it is important to conduct research and counteract the negative effects of waste fires.
Topics: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Acenaphthenes; Chrysenes; Poland; Arsenic; Cadmium; Copper; Boron; Perylene; Fluorenes; Waste Disposal Facilities; Pyrenes; Benzo(a)pyrene; Environmental Pollutants; Water; Soil; Anthracenes; Sulfates; Zinc
PubMed: 36294191
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013613 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2017Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a huge obstacle in cancer chemotherapeutics. Overcoming MDR is a great challenge for anticancer drug discovery. Here, DNA binding and...
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a huge obstacle in cancer chemotherapeutics. Overcoming MDR is a great challenge for anticancer drug discovery. Here, DNA binding and cytotoxicity of Schiff base L1 and L2 were explored to assess their efficiency in fighting cancer and overcoming the MDR. L1 and L2 could treat extremely chemoresistant MCF-7/ADR cell as drug-sensitive cell, with drug resistance index (DRI) <2.13, showing high potential in overcoming the MDR. The apoptotic ratio induced by L1 and L2 was low for both MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. L1 and L2 induced an impairment of cell cycle progression of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cell lines and suppressed cell growth by perturbing progress through the G0/G1 phase, with L2 causing more profound effect, which might account for lower drug resistance after L2 treatment. The molecular docking revealed weak interaction between L1/L2 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the most important drug efflux pump and intracellular Rhodamine 123 accumulation indicated that the activity of P-gp was not inhibited by L1 and L2. Combined with the cellular uptake results, it implied that L1 and L2 could bypass P-gp efflux to exert anticancer activity.
Topics: Anthracenes; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Schiff Bases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiosemicarbazones; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 28814831
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S138371 -
Research in Microbiology Apr 2003The metabolic pathway of the PAH fluorene and the cometabolic pathway of the PAHs phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene and dibenzothiophene in Sphingomonas sp. LB126...
The metabolic pathway of the PAH fluorene and the cometabolic pathway of the PAHs phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene and dibenzothiophene in Sphingomonas sp. LB126 were examined. To our knowledge this is the first study on the cometabolic degradation of the three-ring PAHs phenanthrene, anthracene and the four-ring PAH fluoranthene by a fluorene-utilizing species. Metabolism of fluorene was shown to proceed via the 9-fluorenone pathway to form o-phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid. The cometabolic mono-hydroxylation found for phenanthrene, fluoranthene and anthracene shows similarity with the hydroxylation of fluorene. Several mono- and dihydroxy products and ring-cleavage products were identified for phenanthrene, fluoranthene and anthracene. It appeared that the cometabolism of those three compounds is a non-specific process, in contrast to the metabolism of fluorene. For dibenzothiophene the metabolites dibenzothiophene-5-oxide and dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide were identified; these compounds appeared to be the products of a dead-end pathway. Since apart from dibenzothiophene no metabolites were found in very high concentrations for any of the other substrates, complete degradation is suggested, even for the cometabolic degradation of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and anthracene.
Topics: Anthracenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Environmental Pollutants; Fluorenes; Hydroxybenzoates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenanthrenes; Phthalic Acids; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Soil Microbiology; Sphingomonas; Thiophenes
PubMed: 12706509
DOI: 10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00039-1 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Nov 2022Upconverted reactive oxygen species (ROS) photosensitization with one-photon excitation mode is a promising tactic to elongate the excitation wavelengths of...
Upconverted reactive oxygen species (ROS) photosensitization with one-photon excitation mode is a promising tactic to elongate the excitation wavelengths of photosensitive dyes to near-infrared (NIR) light region without the requirement of coherent high-intensity light sources. However, the photosensitization efficiencies are still finite by the unilateral improvement of excited-state intersystem crossing (ISC) via heavy-atom-effect, since the upconverted efficiency also plays a decisive role in upconverted photosensitization. Herein, a NIR light initiated one-photon upconversion heavy-atom-free small molecule system is reported. The meso-rotatable anthracene in pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) is demonstrated to enrich the populations in high vibrational-rotational energy levels and subsequently improve the hot-band absorption (HBA) efficiency. Moreover, the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) caused by electron donated anthracene can further amplify the triplet yield. Benefiting from the above two aspects, the O generation significantly increases with over 2-fold improved performance compared with heavy-atom-modified method under upconverted light excitation, which obtains efficient in vivo phototheranostic results and provides new opportunities for other applications such as photocatalysis and fine chemical synthesis.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Electrons; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Coloring Agents; Anthracenes
PubMed: 36095253
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202885 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2016Information on microorganisms possessing the ability to metabolize different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environments helps in understanding PAHs...
Information on microorganisms possessing the ability to metabolize different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environments helps in understanding PAHs behavior in natural environment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the present study, stable-isotope probing (SIP) was applied to investigate degraders of PAHs in a forest soil with the addition of individually (13)C-labeled phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Three distinct phylotypes were identified as the active phenanthrene-, anthracene- and fluoranthene-degrading bacteria. The putative phenanthrene degraders were classified as belonging to the genus Sphingomona. For anthracene, bacteria of the genus Rhodanobacter were the putative degraders, and in the microcosm amended with fluoranthene, the putative degraders were identified as belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria. Our results from DNA-SIP are the first to directly link Rhodanobacter- and Acidobacteria-related bacteria with anthracene and fluoranthene degradation, respectively. The results also illustrate the specificity and diversity of three- and four-ring PAHs degraders in forest soil, contributes to our understanding on natural PAHs biodegradation processes, and also proves the feasibility and practicality of DNA-based SIP for linking functions with identity especially uncultured microorganisms in complex microbial biota.
Topics: Acidobacteria; Anthracenes; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon Isotopes; DNA, Bacterial; Fluorenes; Forests; Gammaproteobacteria; Phenanthrenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Sphingomonadaceae
PubMed: 26808242
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.009 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2001Cultures of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 were dosed with anthracene or phenanthrene and after 14 days of incubation had degraded 92 and 90% of the added anthracene and...
Cultures of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 were dosed with anthracene or phenanthrene and after 14 days of incubation had degraded 92 and 90% of the added anthracene and phenanthrene, respectively. The metabolites were extracted and identified by UV-visible light absorption, high-pressure liquid chromatography retention times, mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and comparison to authentic compounds and literature data. Neutral-pH ethyl acetate extracts from anthracene-incubated cells showed four metabolites, identified as cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroanthracene, 6,7-benzocoumarin, 1-methoxy-2-hydroxyanthracene, and 9,10-anthraquinone. A novel anthracene ring fission product was isolated from acidified culture media and was identified as 3-(2-carboxyvinyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. 6,7-Benzocoumarin was also found in that extract. When Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 was grown in the presence of phenanthrene, three neutral metabolites were identified as cis- and trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene. Phenanthrene ring fission products, isolated from acid extracts, were identified as 2,2'-diphenic acid, 1-hydroxynaphthoic acid, and phthalic acid. The data point to the existence, next to already known routes for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, of alternative pathways that might be due to the presence of different dioxygenases or to a relaxed specificity of the same dioxygenase for initial attack on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Topics: Anthracenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mycobacterium; Phenanthrenes
PubMed: 11282593
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1476-1483.2001 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Aug 2022Novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists were identified in coastal sediments in the Yellow and Bohai Seas by use of a combination of effect-directed analysis...
Novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists were identified in coastal sediments in the Yellow and Bohai Seas by use of a combination of effect-directed analysis (EDA) and in silico prediction. A total of 125 sediments were screened for AhR-mediated potencies using H4IIE-luc bioassay. Great potencies were observed in organic extracts, mid-polar fraction (F2), and subfractions of F2 (F2.6-F2.9) of sediments collected from Nantong, Qinhuangdao, and Yancheng. Less than 15% AhR potencies could be explained by detected dioxin-like PAHs. Full-scan screening analysis was conducted for the more potent fractions using GC-QTOFMS to investigate the presence of unmonitored AhR agonists. A five-step prioritization strategy was applied; 92 candidate compounds satisfied all criteria. Among these chemicals, thirteen were evaluated for AhR efficacy. Six compounds; benz[b]anthracene, 6-methylchrysene, 2-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 1-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]fluoranthene, exhibited significant AhR-mediated efficacies. 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]fluoranthene were identified as novel AhR agonists. Potency balance analysis showed that the six newly identified AhR agonists explained 0.4-100% of the total AhR-mediated potencies determined. Overall, combining EDA and in silico prediction applied in this study demonstrated the benefits of assessing the potential toxic effects of previously unidentified AhR agonists in sediments from the coasts of China and Korea.
Topics: Anthracenes; Biological Assay; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Phenanthrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
PubMed: 35500338
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128908 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... May 2018Despite the identification of a β-hydroxyhexaene produced by the enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSs), the post-PKS biosynthetic steps to the individual members of this...
Despite the identification of a β-hydroxyhexaene produced by the enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSs), the post-PKS biosynthetic steps to the individual members of this antitumor and antibiotic family remain largely unknown. The massive biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that direct the formation of each product caution that many steps could be required. It was recently demonstrated that the enediyne PKS in the dynemicin A BGC from Micromonospora chersina gives rise to both the anthraquinone and enediyne halves of the molecule. We now present the first evidence for a mid-pathway intermediate in dynemicin A biosynthesis, an iodoanthracene bearing a fused thiolactone, which was shown to be incorporated selectively into the final product. This unusual precursor reflects just how little is understood about these biosynthetic pathways, yet constrains the mechanisms that can act to achieve the key heterodimerization to the anthraquinone-containing subclass of enediynes.
Topics: Anthracenes; Anthraquinones; Enediynes; Molecular Structure; Multigene Family
PubMed: 29512267
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802036 -
Nucleic Acids Research Sep 2021The use of a small molecule compound to reduce toxic repeat RNA transcripts or their translated aberrant proteins to target repeat-expanded RNA/DNA with a G4C2 motif is...
The use of a small molecule compound to reduce toxic repeat RNA transcripts or their translated aberrant proteins to target repeat-expanded RNA/DNA with a G4C2 motif is a promising strategy to treat C9orf72-linked disorders. In this study, the crystal structures of DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid duplexes with the -GGGCCG- region as a G4C2 repeat motif were solved. Unusual groove widening and sharper bending of the G4C2 DNA duplex A-DNA conformation with B-form characteristics inside was observed. The G4C2 RNA-DNA hybrid duplex adopts a more typical rigid A form structure. Detailed structural analysis revealed that the G4C2 repeat motif of the DNA duplex exhibits a hydration shell and greater flexibility and serves as a 'hot-spot' for binding of the anthracene-based nickel complex, NiII(Chro)2 (Chro = Chromomycin A3). In addition to the original GGCC recognition site, NiII(Chro)2 has extended specificity and binds the flanked G:C base pairs of the GGCC core, resulting in minor groove contraction and straightening of the DNA backbone. We have also shown that Chro-metal complexes inhibit neuronal toxicity and suppresses locomotor deficits in a Drosophila model of C9orf72-associated ALS. The approach represents a new direction for drug discovery against ALS and FTD diseases by targeting G4C2 repeat motif DNA.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anthracenes; C9orf72 Protein; Coordination Complexes; DNA; DNA, A-Form; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 33836081
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab227 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022In this paper, a new aqueous two-phase extraction system(ATPES) consisting of UCON (poly(ethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol) monobutyl ether)-NaHPO was established,...
Simultaneous Prediction, Determination, and Extraction of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment Using a UCON-NaHPO Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction System Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection.
In this paper, a new aqueous two-phase extraction system(ATPES) consisting of UCON (poly(ethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol) monobutyl ether)-NaHPO was established, and four trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs: fluorene, anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene) in water and soil were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet detection. In the multi-factor experiment, the central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimum technological conditions. The final optimal conditions were as follows: the concentration of UCON was 0.45 g·mL, the concentration of NaHPO was 3.5 mol·L, and the temperature was 30 °C. The recovery of the four targets was 98.91-99.84% with a relative standard deviation of 0.3-2.1%. Then UCON recycling and cyclic tests were designed in the experiment, and the results showed that the recovery of PAHs gradually increased in the three extractions because of the remaining PAHs in the salt phase of last extraction. The recovery of PAHs in the UCON recycling test was less than that in the extraction test due to the wastage of UCON. In addition, a two-phase aqueous extraction model was established based on the random forest (RF) model. The results obtained were compared with the experimental data, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.0371-0.0514 and the correlation coefficient R was 96.20-98.53%, proving that the model is robust and reliable.
Topics: Anthracenes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ethers; Ethylene Glycols; Fluorenes; Phenanthrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Propylene Glycols; Pyrenes; Soil; Solid Phase Extraction; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 36235001
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196465