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Journal of Korean Medical Science Dec 2010This study identifies the number of pneumoconiosis patients after eliminating deceased patients between 2003 and 2008 as of January 1st and estimates it for the next... (Review)
Review
This study identifies the number of pneumoconiosis patients after eliminating deceased patients between 2003 and 2008 as of January 1st and estimates it for the next five years. From 2003 to 2008, the pneumoconiosis patients were 16,929, 17,224, 17,366, 17,566, 17,542, and 17,546, respectively. The number of pneumoconiosis patients will have increased by 1,014 from 2008 to 18,560 in 2013 after applying the average change rates taken from 2003 to 2007. It takes 15-20 yr to develop coal workers' pneumoconiosis (the main cause in Korea) and patients will continue to be diagnosed with pneumoconiosis for some years to come since it has only been 20 yr since the decline of the coal mining industry in Korea. In addition, pneumoconiosis patients are increasing in industries in which the risk of pneumoconiosis was relatively low shows the necessity to improve dust-exposed workplace environments.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Anthracosis; Coal Mining; Dust; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Pneumoconiosis; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 21258585
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.S.S13 -
Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Jun 2021Among bronchoscopic procedures, transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is considered a high-risk procedure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the indications, diagnostic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Among bronchoscopic procedures, transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is considered a high-risk procedure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the indications, diagnostic efficacy and complications of TBB in the elderly, which is accepted as a sensitive group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was designed as a multicenter retrospective observational study. Data of 4226 patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy were scanned for this study. 791 patients who underwent transbronchial biopsy were included in this study. All patients were evaluated in terms of lung regions, diagnosis, and complications.
RESULT
A total of 791 patients, 329 (41.6%) female patients, who underwent TBB were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 54.54 ± 14.94 years. The most common indications were ILD (45.6%), malignancy (24.0%) and sarcoidosis (9.9%). Mean age of the elderly patients (n= 263) was 69.89 ± 4.83 years, and mean age of the young patients (n= 528) was 46.90 ± 11.28 years (p<0.001). In both age groups, the most common indication was ILD. Complications developed during and after the procedure in 51 of the young patients (9.7%) and in 21 of the elderly (8.0%) (p= 0.441). The most common complication was pneumothorax with 4.6% in the elderly, and pneumothorax with 5.9% in the young (p= 0.441). The most common diagnosis was malignancy (12.2%) in the elderly, as the most common diagnosis was malignancy (7.2%) in the young (p = 0.020). While anthracosis, ILD and organized pneumonia were the other common diagnoses in the elderly, sarcoidosis, anthracosis and organized pneumonia were the other common diagnoses in the young. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was achieved more frequently in the young (6.6%) than in the elderly (0.8%) (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Transbronchial biopsy can be performed safely in elderly patients, with similar diagnostic success and complication rates to younger patients.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biopsy; Bronchoscopy; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Complications; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 34256505
DOI: 10.5578/tt.20219804 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2023Pneumoconiosis is the most prevalent occupational disease and displays different patterns in each province of China. Clarifying specific incidence patterns and temporal...
BACKGROUND
Pneumoconiosis is the most prevalent occupational disease and displays different patterns in each province of China. Clarifying specific incidence patterns and temporal trends in Zhejiang Province can help provide valuable information on the prevention of pneumoconiosis.
METHODS
Annual reports of pneumoconiosis for Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020 were extracted from the National Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System. The information of cases included regions, diagnosis ages, genders, exposure durations, pneumoconiosis categories and stages, the first year of exposure, enterprise industries, scales and ownerships.
RESULTS
Totally 6037 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported between 2006 and 2020, which increased at first and then gradually declined since 2013. Among all pneumoconiosis cases, silicosis accounted for the majority (72.17%). Most of the cases occurred in small-scale and domestic-funded enterprises, which accounted for 71.75% and 96.97%, respectively. When analyzing the industry distribution, the cases were mainly concentrated in mining (37.12%), manufacturing (31.11%) and 'public administration and social organization' (23.94%) industry. The average diagnosis age among the pneumoconiosis cases was 55.44 years, and the median exposure duration was 11.00 years. Significantly older diagnosis age and longer exposure duration were found in females, coal workers' pneumoconiosis cases, cases with higher stages, cases with the first year of dust exposure earlier and cases from large-scale companies. In regional distribution, the top three cities reporting the most pneumoconiosis cases in Zhejiang Province were Taizhou, Quzhou and Hangzhou.
CONCLUSION
The current situation of pneumoconiosis in Zhejiang Province was still serious, and government should further strengthen the surveillance of occupational diseases and supervision of enterprises. Moreover, publicity and education regarding pneumoconiosis should be carried out to raise awareness of dust exposure risk and associated health consequences.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumoconiosis; Occupational Diseases; Silicosis; Anthracosis; China; Dust; Coal Mining
PubMed: 36814237
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15277-8 -
Lung India : Official Organ of Indian... 2015Anthracosis is the black pigmentation of the mucosal lining of the tracheo-bronchial tree. The significance of this finding is not known and often ignored. The aim of...
BACKGROUND
Anthracosis is the black pigmentation of the mucosal lining of the tracheo-bronchial tree. The significance of this finding is not known and often ignored. The aim of the present study is to find the association of anthracosis with demographic variables, biomass fuel and occupational exposure, respiratory diseases, radiological pattern and functional morbidity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enrolment of the subjects for the study was done at SMS hospital, Jaipur. Patients with anthracosis evident on bronchoscopy were included as the cases. Patients without anthracosis on bronchoscopy, matched according to age, gender and smoking habits, were included in the control group. Subjects in both the arms completed a questionnaire and also underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest and six minute walk test (6MWT).
RESULTS
Thirty cases and 53 controls were included in the study. The patients with anthracosis presented with symptoms ranging from cough (76.65%), hemoptysis (46.6%), fever (26.6%), dyspnea (90%) and malaise (73.3%). Biomass fuel exposure for the cases was 35.13 ± 55.86 hours in a year and for the controls was 28.15 ± 40.09 hours in a year (P > 0.05). Stone mining was significantly associated with anthracosis (P < 0.05). CT chest revealed fibrosis (43.3%), consolidation (33.3%), cavitation (16.6%) and mass (46.6%) in the cases. Sixty percent of cases and 15% of controls were diagnosed to have either old or active pulmonary tuberculosis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Anthracosis is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Biomass exposure is not significantly associated with anthracosis. Post tubercular fibrosis is more common on CT chest of patients with anthracosis.
PubMed: 25814792
DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.152614 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The purpose of this study is to see if exfoliative pulmonary airway pathology in cancer-free coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) can be used as a biomarker for predicting...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to see if exfoliative pulmonary airway pathology in cancer-free coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) can be used as a biomarker for predicting pulmonary morbidity.
METHODS
We investigated persistent metaplastic changes in bronchoscopic washing cytology and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) in 97 miners with CWP and 80 miners without CWP as the control. Clinicopathological parameters were examined including pulmonary function tests and the presence of progressive massive fibrosis.
RESULTS
When compared to the control group, severe alveolitis, severe goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH), severe hyperplastic epithelial change, and severe squamous metaplasia were the distinguishing biomarkers in CWP. Multivariate analysis revealed that severe alveolitis and severe GCH, along with miner duration and current smoker, were independent predictors of pulmonary mortality. The survival analysis revealed a significantly different survival rate between the three groups: no evidence of severe alveolitis and severe GCH, presence of severe alveolitis or severe GCH but not both, and both severe alveolitis and severe GCH.
CONCLUSIONS
The severities of alveolitis and goblet cell hyperplasia in the bronchoscopic study are independent prognostic factors for CWP. A pathologic grading system based on these two parameters could be used in the stratification and clinical management of CWP patients.
Topics: Humans; Coal Mining; Prognosis; Hyperplasia; Anthracosis; Pneumoconiosis; Coal
PubMed: 36429692
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214975 -
Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2015Nonoccupational anthracosis and silicosis has been reported from various parts of the world including Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India; however, anthracosilicosis has...
BACKGROUND
Nonoccupational anthracosis and silicosis has been reported from various parts of the world including Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India; however, anthracosilicosis has only been reported in industrial workers till date.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six cases from the Ladakh region in Jammu and Kashmir, India with similar clinico-radiological-pathological features, i.e., anthracosilicosis/anthracofibrosis have been analyzed. Of these, four were analyzed retrospectively and two prospectively.
RESULT
All the patients were homemakers and resided in Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India since birth with an age range of 42-62 years and an average age of 56 years. Their average duration of symptoms was 4 years. Spirometry showed small and/or large airway disease in 5/6 cases. On computed tomography (CT), 4/6 cases showed progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) with calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. There were random or centrilobular nodules in all the six cases. Bronchoscopy in 5/6 cases showed multiple anthracotic pigments with narrowing and distortion of the bronchus (anthracofibrosis). Malignancy was suspected clinico-radiologically in four cases and pathologically in two cases. On histopathology, anthracosis was demonstrated in all and silicosis in three cases.
CONCLUSION
Anthracosilicosis can occur due to environmental exposure. Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India is the only place across the globe with unique environmental features having the presence of both free silica and biomass fuel. The disease was observed predominantly in older women. Awareness would prevent unnecessary investigation for malignancy. Treatment with the bronchodilator is useful as it has evidence of airway disease. Finally, environmental measures and a proper study need to be undertaken for knowing the relative role of silica versus soot in causing the lung disease and preventing this irreversible condition.
PubMed: 26957815
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.173995 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2022Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor both in the selection of treatment since many alternatives have been created in recent years, and in the evaluation of...
OBJECTIVE
Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor both in the selection of treatment since many alternatives have been created in recent years, and in the evaluation of prognosis in lung cancer. The most unpredictable cause of lymph node false positivity in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is anthracosis. The aim of this study is to compare F-FDG PET/CT texture information of anthracotic (ALN) and metastatic (MLN) lymph nodes, after re-evaluation of the cytological samples obtained from anthracotic lymph nodes by EBUS-TBNA.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Ninety nine patients, 78 of whom had primary lung cancer were included in the study. Two hundred and three lymph nodes from 99 patients sampled by EBUS-TBNA and diagnosed cytologically as ALN or MLN were evaluated retrospectively. All ALN were classified as grades 1, 2 and 3 cytologically. Volume of interest (VOI) of 203 lymph nodes was re-drawn and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values were recorded.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference in MTV and TLG values in MLN and all ALN grades. However, only grade 1-2 ALNs could be differentiated from MLNs with SUVmax, and no statistically significant difference was found in grade 3 ALN and MLN. Metabolic tumor volume and TLG values over 4.10cm and 26.57 showed 60% and 59% sensitivity and 83% and 94 specificity respectively for the identification of MLN.
CONCLUSION
The contribution of MTV and TLG values of F-FDG PET/CT to the differential diagnosis of ALN is much more valuable than SUVmax values, especially for grade 3 anthracosis. It was thought that cytological reporting of only grade 3 ALN could make a better contribution to the F-FDG PET/CT evaluation analysis.
Topics: Anthracosis; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prognosis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35913862
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912475 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Aug 2022To identify and characterize the gross and histological lesions associated with air pollution in the lungs of dogs from various locations in Trinidad.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and characterize the gross and histological lesions associated with air pollution in the lungs of dogs from various locations in Trinidad.
ANIMALS
56 fresh lungs were obtained from already euthanized adult dogs collected from different locations in Trinidad at the Trinidad and Tobago Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
PROCEDURES
Lung specimens were examined grossly and tissue samples were taken for routine histologic examination.
RESULTS
Histological examination showed that 51.8% of the dogs had evidence of anthracosis. Dogs with anthracosis had greater median lesion scores compared to dogs without anthracosis (P = .022). There was no association between the presence of anthracosis and any other lesion in this study (P > .05).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There was evidence that dogs with anthracosis had a greater degree of nonspecific lung histologic lesions. Using the dog as a sentinel model for human exposure in Trinidad, our findings indicate that environmental air pollution may also have an effect on the respiratory health of the human population. It is important for the public to be aware of air pollution, and the government of Trinidad and Tobago should develop an intervention protocol along with veterinary and human medical epidemiologists to reduce air pollution in the country.
Topics: Air Pollution; Animals; Anthracosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Lung; Pilot Projects; Sentinel Species; Trinidad and Tobago
PubMed: 35930626
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.05.0077 -
The Indian Journal of Radiology &... 2018Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), caused by long-standing exposure to biomass fuel smoke, has emerged as a distinct pulmonary disease. It is usually seen in elderly...
Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), caused by long-standing exposure to biomass fuel smoke, has emerged as a distinct pulmonary disease. It is usually seen in elderly females who have worked long hours in poorly ventilated kitchen full of smoke due to incomplete combustion of biomass fuel. The diagnosis is confirmed on bronchoscopic visualization of bluish-black anthracotic pigmentation along with narrowing/distortion of the affected bronchus. BAF has been associated with clinical conditions such as pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and malignancy. Tuberculosis, once thought to be the causative agent for BAF, is now considered to be an association. BAF has a diverse radiological presentation and the presence of associated clinical conditions often confound the radiological picture. The imaging features of BAF include primary imaging characteristics, which pertains to the disease entity directly, and secondary features based on the presence of associated conditions. High-resolution computed tomography findings of multifocal bronchial narrowing and peribronchial cuffing are considered to be specific diagnostic features of BAF. In addition, the diagnostic probability is increased in the presence of mediastinal adenopathy and collapse/atelectasis with middle lobe syndrome being the most common presentation. This pictorial essay highlights the range of imaging appearances in patients with BAF.
PubMed: 30319212
DOI: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_339_17 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2019This study aims to describe the characteristics and trends of pneumoconiosis in the Jiangsu Province, China, and provide information for the occupational diseases...
This study aims to describe the characteristics and trends of pneumoconiosis in the Jiangsu Province, China, and provide information for the occupational diseases control. We collected and analyzed the data of pneumoconiosis cases reported annually from 2006 to 2017. The information of the cases mainly includes case distributions, clinical types and stages, enterprise types and scales, as well as diagnosis age and exposure duration. A total of 9243 pneumoconiosis cases were reported between 2006 and 2017, among which silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis accounted for the vast majority (87.5%). The incidence of pneumoconiosis was relatively higher in Wuxi, Yancheng, Suzhou and Xuzhou, compared to the other district. Most pneumoconiosis cases occurred in the state-owned (58.4%) and collective enterprises (23.8%). Most cases worked in industries related to geology and coal production. The median exposure duration and diagnosis age of the total pneumoconiosis cases was 13.2 and 61.0 years, respectively. Therefore, more measurements are needed to control pneumoconiosis in the Jiangsu Province.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthracosis; China; Humans; Incidence; Industry; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Pneumoconiosis; Silicosis
PubMed: 30717363
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030437