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Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Mar 2023Owing to the widespread emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics have been reduced. In addition, the ongoing... (Review)
Review
Owing to the widespread emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics have been reduced. In addition, the ongoing evolution of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a challenge for the scientific community to develop sensitive analytical methods and innovative antimicrobial agents for the detection and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this review, we have described the antibiotic resistance mechanisms that occur in bacteria and summarized the recent developments in detection strategies for monitoring drug resistance using different diagnostic methods in three aspects, including electrostatic attraction, chemical reaction, and probe-free analysis. Additionally, to understand the effective inhibition of drug-resistant bacterial growth by recent nano-antibiotics, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms and efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides, which have shown promise, and the rationale, design, and potential improvements to these methods are also highlighted in this review. Finally, the primary challenges and future trends in the rational design of facile sensing platforms and novel antibacterial agents against superbugs are discussed.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Silver; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37224551
DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3433 -
The ISME Journal Apr 2021Accumulating evidence suggests that the response of bacteria to antibiotics is significantly affected by the presence of other interacting microbes. These interactions... (Review)
Review
Accumulating evidence suggests that the response of bacteria to antibiotics is significantly affected by the presence of other interacting microbes. These interactions are not typically accounted for when determining pathogen sensitivity to antibiotics. In this perspective, we argue that resistance and evolutionary responses to antibiotic treatments should not be considered only a trait of an individual bacteria species but also an emergent property of the microbial community in which pathogens are embedded. We outline how interspecies interactions can affect the responses of individual species and communities to antibiotic treatment, and how these responses could affect the strength of selection, potentially changing the trajectory of resistance evolution. Finally, we identify key areas of future research which will allow for a more complete understanding of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities. We emphasise that acknowledging the ecological context, i.e. the interactions that occur between pathogens and within communities, could help the development of more efficient and effective antibiotic treatments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ecology; Microbiota
PubMed: 33219299
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00832-7 -
Drug Discovery Today Jun 2022The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens represents a global health threat. The metabolic state of bacteria is associated with a range of... (Review)
Review
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens represents a global health threat. The metabolic state of bacteria is associated with a range of genetic and phenotypic resistance mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the roles of metabolic processes that are associated with AMR mechanisms, including energy production, cell wall synthesis, cell-cell communication, and bacterial growth. These metabolic processes can be targeted with the aim of re-sensitizing resistant pathogens to antibiotic treatments. We discuss how state-of-the-art metabolomics approaches can be used for comprehensive analysis of microbial AMR-related metabolism, which may facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets and treatment strategies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Metabolomics
PubMed: 35341988
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.015 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jul 2021Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide and growing clinical problem. With limited drug development in the antibacterial space, combination therapy has emerged as a... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide and growing clinical problem. With limited drug development in the antibacterial space, combination therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antibacterial combinations can improve antibiotic efficacy and suppress antibacterial resistance through independent, synergistic, or even antagonistic activities. Combination therapies are famously used to treat viral and mycobacterial infections and cancer. However, antibacterial combinations are only now emerging as a common treatment strategy for other bacterial infections owing to challenges in their discovery, development, regulatory approval, and commercial/clinical deployment. Here, we focus on discovery-where the sheer scale of combinatorial chemical spaces represents a significant challenge-and discuss how combination therapy can impact the treatment of bacterial infections. Despite these challenges, recent advancements, including new in silico methods, theoretical frameworks, and microfluidic platforms, are poised to identify the new and efficacious antibacterial combinations needed to revitalize the antibacterial drug pipeline.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 34212403
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14649 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Jul 2023Infection diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity testing are important aspects of clinical microbiology that are in dire need of improvement owing to the inadequate... (Review)
Review
Infection diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity testing are important aspects of clinical microbiology that are in dire need of improvement owing to the inadequate current standards in the early detection of bacterial response to antibiotics. The increasing antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat to human health. Current resistance-detecting methods, using the phenotypic antibiotic sensitivity test, which measures bacterial growth as affected by antibiotics, have long analysis times. Therefore, new and rapid methods are needed to detect antibiotic resistance. Here, we review the methods used to detect antibiotic resistance in bacteria, including that caused by biofilm development, and we look at the development of rapid methods for evaluating antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Biofilms
PubMed: 37743230
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1503019 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Jul 2020The scarcity of novel antibiotic compounds in a time of increasing resistance rates has begun to ring alarm bells at the highest echelons of government. Large new... (Review)
Review
The scarcity of novel antibiotic compounds in a time of increasing resistance rates has begun to ring alarm bells at the highest echelons of government. Large new financial incentives to accelerate antibiotic research and development, such as market entry rewards (MERs), are being considered. However, there is little focus on how to sustain the efficacy of new, promising antibiotics reaching the market. Currently, inappropriate use of antibiotics is commonplace, which has accelerated resistance development. In an attempt to halt this trend, antibiotic stewardship policies are being implemented in many resource-rich settings. Unfortunately, this has not yet had an impact on the amount of antibiotics being prescribed globally. One important hurdle is misalignment of incentives. While governments and health services are incentivized to promote prudent use of this common good, pharmaceutical companies are incentivized to increase volume of sales to maximize profits. This problem must be addressed or else the major efforts going into developing new antibiotics will be in vain. In this paper we outline an approach to realign the incentives of pharmaceutical companies with wider antibiotic conservation efforts by making a staged bonus a component of an MER for antibiotic developers when resistance to their drug remains low over time. This bonus could address the lack of stewardship focus in any innovation-geared incentive.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Industry; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans
PubMed: 32203126
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0300-y -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jun 2021The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a growing worldwide problem in the control of pathogens, particularly negative bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics,... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a growing worldwide problem in the control of pathogens, particularly negative bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of these bacteria. The development of new effective antibiotics is time-consuming and costly, and the new antibiotics may become resistant again. Therefore, non-antibiotic clinical treatment for antibiotic-resistant PA infection is necessary and needs to be strengthened. The antibiotic resistance (AR) mechanism of PA is complex. Biofilm formation is one of the reasons why its resistance is difficult to overcome. The formation of biofilms is mainly regulated by quorum sensing (QS). QS is a mechanism by which PA increases its virulence by producing small diffusible molecules, which regulates a series of genes associated with virulence and nutrient acquisition. QS inhibitors are potions that obstruct QS systems in bacteria and destruction of virulence. This review summarizes AR mechanism of PA, Basic knowledge of QS of PA and some non-antibiotic methods for inhibiting PA, including QS inhibitors, which have potential and far-reaching significance for antibiotic-resistant PA's clinical treatment. The review helps to provide new ideas and new schemes for clinical anti-PA infection research and treatment, and has positive significance for delaying the occurrence of bacterial drug resistance and antibiotic use management.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34044573
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2247 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2013Antibiotic resistance can be reduced by using antibiotics prudently based on guidelines of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and various data such as... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance can be reduced by using antibiotics prudently based on guidelines of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and various data such as pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of antibiotics, diagnostic testing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), clinical response, and effects on the microbiota, as well as by new antibiotic developments. The controlled use of antibiotics in food animals is another cornerstone among efforts to reduce antibiotic resistance. All major resistance-control strategies recommend education for patients, children (e.g., through schools and day care), the public, and relevant healthcare professionals (e.g., primary-care physicians, pharmacists, and medical students) regarding unique features of bacterial infections and antibiotics, prudent antibiotic prescribing as a positive construct, and personal hygiene (e.g., handwashing). The problem of antibiotic resistance can be minimized only by concerted efforts of all members of society for ensuring the continued efficiency of antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Health Education; Health Personnel; Humans; Hygiene; Patient Education as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 24036486
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10094274 -
Biosensors Jun 2018Antibiotic resistance and, accordingly, their pollution because of uncontrolled usage has emerged as a serious problem in recent years. Hence, there is an increased... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance and, accordingly, their pollution because of uncontrolled usage has emerged as a serious problem in recent years. Hence, there is an increased demand to develop robust, easy, and sensitive methods for rapid evaluation of antibiotics and their residues. Among different analytical methods, the aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) have attracted considerable attention because of good selectivity, specificity, and sensitivity. This review gives an overview about recently-developed aptasensors for antibiotic detection. The use of various aptamer assays to determine different groups of antibiotics, like β-lactams, aminoglycosides, anthracyclines, chloramphenicol, (fluoro)quinolones, lincosamide, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides are presented in this paper.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aptamers, Peptide; Biosensing Techniques; Humans
PubMed: 29891818
DOI: 10.3390/bios8020054 -
PLoS Pathogens Nov 2022Genetically susceptible bacteria can escape the action of bactericidal antibiotics through antibiotic tolerance or persistence. However, one major difference between the...
Genetically susceptible bacteria can escape the action of bactericidal antibiotics through antibiotic tolerance or persistence. However, one major difference between the two phenomena is their distinct penetrance within an isogenic population. While with antibiotic persistence, susceptible and persister cells co-exist, antibiotic tolerance affects the entire bacterial population. Here, we show that antibiotic tolerance can be achieved in numerous non-specific ways in vitro and during infection. More importantly, we highlight that, due to their impact on the entire bacterial population, these tolerance-inducing conditions completely mask persistence and the action of its molecular determinants. Finally, we show that even though tolerant populations display a high survival rate under bactericidal drug treatment, this feature comes at the cost of having impaired proliferation during infection. In contrast, persistence is a risk-limiting strategy that allows bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment without reducing the ability of the population to colonize their host. Altogether, our data emphasise that the distinction between these phenomena is of utmost importance to improve the design of more efficient antibiotic therapies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Tolerance
PubMed: 36374854
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010963