-
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016Hemorrhagic stroke is a common and severe neurological disorder and is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage... (Review)
Review
Hemorrhagic stroke is a common and severe neurological disorder and is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress responses participate in the pathophysiological processes of secondary brain injury (SBI) following ICH. The mechanisms involved in interoperable systems include endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, inflammation, and autophagy. In this review, we summarized some promising advances in the field of oxidative stress and ICH, including contained animal and human investigations. We also discussed the role of oxidative stress, systemic oxidative stress responses, and some research of potential therapeutic options aimed at reducing oxidative stress to protect the neuronal function after ICH, focusing on the challenges of translation between preclinical and clinical studies, and potential post-ICH antioxidative therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Biological Products; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 27190572
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1203285 -
BioMed Research International 2018Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a crucial intermediate of the Krebs cycle and plays a critical role in multiple metabolic processes in animals and humans. Of note, AKG... (Review)
Review
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a crucial intermediate of the Krebs cycle and plays a critical role in multiple metabolic processes in animals and humans. Of note, AKG contributes to the oxidation of nutrients (i.e., amino acids, glucose, fatty acids) and then provides energy for cell processes. As a precursor of glutamate and glutamine, AKG acts as an antioxidant agent as it directly reacts with hydrogen peroxide with formation of succinate, water, and carbon dioxide; meanwhile, it discharges plenty of ATP by oxidative decarboxylation. Recent studies also show that AKG has alleviative effect on oxidative stress as a source of energy and an antioxidant in mammalian cells. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the antioxidative function of AKG and its applications in animals and humans.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 29750149
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3408467 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Reactive oxygen and carbonyl species promote oxidative and carbonyl stress, and the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and others. The...
Reactive oxygen and carbonyl species promote oxidative and carbonyl stress, and the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and others. The traditional herb is known for its antioxidant properties; therefore, the current study aimed to assess how the chemical composition of a water infusion corresponds with its antioxidative and antiglycative effects in vitro. The composition of infusions prepared from commercial products was analyzed with UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and non-flavonoid polyphenols were determined. Antioxidant activity of infusions and selected polyphenols was investigated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Fluorometric measurements and methylglyoxal capture were performed to investigate the antiglycation activity. PCA and PLS-DA models were applied to explore the correlation between chemical and antioxidant results. The principal flavonoids in were flavonols. In vitro tests revealed that a stronger antioxidant effect was demonstrated by plant material from Turkey rich in flavonoids, followed by Albania and Greece. Flavonols and ellagic acid displayed stronger antiradical and reducing power than EA-derived urolithins. Hyperoside was the most potent inhibitor of glycation. The results indicate that flavonoids are primarily responsible for rock rose antioxidant and antiglycation properties. PLS-DA modeling can be used to identify the origin of plant material with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 86%.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cistus; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Water
PubMed: 35458630
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082432 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2017The ability of some crops to accumulate selenium (Se) is crucial for human nutrition and health. Selenium has been identified as a cofactor of the enzyme glutathione... (Review)
Review
The ability of some crops to accumulate selenium (Se) is crucial for human nutrition and health. Selenium has been identified as a cofactor of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which is a catalyzer in the reduction of peroxides that can damage cells and tissues, and can act as an antioxidant. Plants are the first link in the food chain, which ends with humans. Increasing the Se quantity in plant products, including leafy and fruity vegetables, and fruit crops, without exceeding the toxic threshold, is thus a good way to increase animal and human Se intake, with positive effects on long-term health. In many Se-enriched plants, most Se is in its major organic form. Given that this form is more available to humans and more efficient in increasing the selenium content than inorganic forms, the consumption of Se-enriched plants appears to be beneficial. An antioxidant effect of Se has been detected in Se-enriched vegetables and fruit crops due to an improved antioxidative status and to a reduced biosynthesis of ethylene, which is the hormone with a primary role in plant senescence and fruit ripening. This thus highlights the possible positive effect of Se in preserving a longer shelf-life and longer-lasting quality.
Topics: Antioxidants; Crops, Agricultural; Food, Fortified; Fruit; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Selenium; Selenium Compounds
PubMed: 28587216
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060933 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023There are extensive studies that confirm the harmful and strong influence of oxidative stress on the skin. The body's response to oxidative stress can vary depending on... (Review)
Review
There are extensive studies that confirm the harmful and strong influence of oxidative stress on the skin. The body's response to oxidative stress can vary depending on the type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and their metabolites, the duration of exposure to oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity at each tissue level. Numerous skin diseases and pathologies are associated with the excessive production and accumulation of free radicals. title altered Both categories have advantages and disadvantages in terms of skin structures, tolerability, therapeutic performance, ease of application or formulation and economic efficiency. The effect of long-term treatment with antioxidants is evaluated through studies investigating their protective effect and the improvement of some phenomena caused by oxidative stress. This article summarizes the available information on the presence of compounds used in dermatology to combat oxidative stress in the skin. It aims to provide an overview of all the considerations for choosing an antioxidant agent, the topics for further research and the answers sought in order to optimize therapeutic performance.
Topics: Antioxidants; Dermatology; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Free Radicals
PubMed: 38139345
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417517 -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Oct 2023The essential roles of thiol compounds as redox signaling mediators and protectors have been established. Recently, the roles of persulfides and polysulfides as... (Review)
Review
The essential roles of thiol compounds as redox signaling mediators and protectors have been established. Recently, the roles of persulfides and polysulfides as mediators involved in numerous physiological processes have been revealed. Recently, it became possible to detect and measure persulfides and polysulfides in human fluids and tissues and their physiological functions, including cellular signaling and protection against oxidative stress, have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms and dynamics remain elusive. Physiological functions of thiol compounds have been studied, focusing primarily on two-electron redox reactions. In contrast, the contribution of one-electron redox mechanisms, that is, free radical-mediated oxidation and antioxidation, has received much less attention. Considering the important effects of free radical-mediated oxidation of biological molecules on pathophysiology, the antioxidant functions of thiol compounds as free radical scavengers are challenging issues. The antioxidant actions and dynamics of thiols, hydropersulfides, and hydropolysulfides as free radical scavenging antioxidants and their physiological significance remain to be established. 39, 728-743.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Free Radicals
PubMed: 37154744
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0191 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Ginsenosides are a class of active components extracted from ginseng plants (such as , , and ). Ginsenosides have significant protective effects on the nervous system,... (Review)
Review
Ginsenosides are a class of active components extracted from ginseng plants (such as , , and ). Ginsenosides have significant protective effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and immune system, so they have been widely used in the treatment of related diseases. Entry of a variety of endogenous or exogenous harmful substances into the body can lead to an imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and reactive oxygen species, thus producing toxic effects on a variety of tissues and cells. In addition, oxidative stress can alter multiple signaling pathways, including the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/-catenin, and NF-B pathways. With the deepening of research in this field, various ginsenoside monomers have been reported to exert antioxidant effects through multiple signaling pathways and thus have good application prospects. This article summarized the research advancements regarding the antioxidative effects and related mechanisms of ginsenosides, providing a theoretical basis for experimental research on and clinical treatment with ginsenosides.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ginsenosides; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Panax notoginseng; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
PubMed: 35498130
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9299574 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is clinically characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure, followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is clinically characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure, followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and subsequently right heart failure. The underlying mechanism of PAH includes endothelial dysfunction and intimal smooth muscle proliferation. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is critical in the pathophysiology of PAH and involves changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen (RNS), and nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. Disrupted ROS and NO signaling pathways cause the proliferation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), resulting in DNA damage, metabolic abnormalities, and vascular remodeling. Antioxidant treatment has become a main area of research for the treatment of PAH. This review mainly introduces oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PAH and antioxidative therapies and explains why targeting oxidative stress is a valid strategy for PAH treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Oxidative Stress; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary Artery; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35744848
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123724 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020Walnut residue is a kind of high-quality plant protein resource. The bioactive peptide prepared from walnut residue has excellent health care functions such as... (Review)
Review
Walnut residue is a kind of high-quality plant protein resource. The bioactive peptide prepared from walnut residue has excellent health care functions such as antioxidation and antihypertensive activity, but at present, walnut residue is often regarded as waste or low value feed, fertilizer and other materials. The uneconomical use of walnut residue has hindered the development of the walnut industry to some extent. Effective utilization of walnut residue protein to develop bioactive peptides and other products is of great significance to realize the comprehensive utilization of walnut residue, improve the added value of by-products, and change the current low utilization rate of walnut residue. In this paper, the preparation, purification and structure identification of walnut protein bioactive peptides are reviewed, and different functional walnut active peptides (WBPs) are introduced. The potential effects of these bioactivities on human health and their different uses in food, medicine and other industries are discussed. The purpose is to provide reference information for the effective utilization of walnut residue resources and the development of walnut industry.
Topics: Antioxidants; Humans; Juglans; Peptides; Plant Extracts; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 32178315
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061285 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Our research focused on the hypoglycemic capability and the possible mechanisms of extract and fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba (PAH) based on α-glucosidase,...
Our research focused on the hypoglycemic capability and the possible mechanisms of extract and fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba (PAH) based on α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibition assays, glucose uptake experiment, HPLC-MS analysis, and molecular docking experiment. In addition, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used for determining the antioxidant capability. The results of total flavonoids and phenolics contents showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) possessed the highest flavonoids and phenolics with values of 159.7 ± 2.5 mg rutin equivalents/g and 107.6 ± 2.0 mg galic acid equivalents/g, respectively. The results of in vitro hypoglycemic activity showed that all samples had effective α-glucosidase inhibition capacities, and EAF possessed the best inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 1.58 ± 0.24 μg/mL. In addition, n-butanol fraction (NBF) significantly promoted the glucose uptake rate of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HPLC-MS analysis and molecular docking results proved the interactions between candidates and α-glucosidase. The results of antioxidation capacities showed that EAF possessed the best antioxidation abilities with DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. In summary, the hypoglycemic activity of PAH might be related to the inhibition of α-glucosidase (EAF > PEF > NBF) and the promotion of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (NBF). Simultaneously, the antioxidation capacity of PAH might be related to the abundant contents of flavonoids and other phenolics (EAF > PEF > NBF).
Topics: Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phenols; Plant Extracts; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 35684319
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113381