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Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Feb 2021To investigate anxiety and depression levels in prosthetic eye-wearing patients using standardized psychometric instruments, to define factors associated with these...
PURPOSE
To investigate anxiety and depression levels in prosthetic eye-wearing patients using standardized psychometric instruments, to define factors associated with these psychological diseases, and to identify a potential healthcare gap.
METHODS
A total of 295 prosthetic eye wearers were screened using the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were correlated with scores of general physical and mental health functioning, vision-related quality of life, appearance-related distress, appearance-related social function, and further biosocial factors.
RESULTS
Five patients (2%) had a pre-diagnosed anxiety disorder, and 20 patients (7%) had a pre-diagnosed depression. However, our screening revealed 26 patients (9%) with anxiety symptoms, 31 patients (11%) with depression symptoms, and 40 patients (14%) suffering from both anxiety and depression symptoms. This underdiagnosing for both anxiety and depression disorders was significant (p < 0.001, respectively). Higher GAD-7 scores were significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 scores, lower appearance-related social function, lower mental health functioning, and female gender (p ≤ 0.021, respectively). Higher PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with lower physical and mental health functioning, higher educational degree, and non-traumatic eye loss (p ≤ 0.038, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety and depression disorders seem to be underdiagnosed in prosthetic eye wearers and to have higher incidence compared with the general population. Therefore, a psychometric screening should be routinely implemented in the clinical care. For a successful long-term rehabilitation, integrated care by a multidisciplinary team including ophthalmic plastic surgeons, ophthalmologists, ocularists, general practitioners, and psychologists is essential.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32870372
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04908-0 -
Journal of Women's Health (2002) Jul 2020
Topics: Affect; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; United States
PubMed: 32031880
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8287 -
The Roles of Anxiety and Self-Esteem in the Risk of Eating Disorders and Compulsive Buying Behavior.International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022In contemporary society, following the sudden changes that occur, different forms of addiction are becoming popular. Of note are the new addictions and concepts of...
In contemporary society, following the sudden changes that occur, different forms of addiction are becoming popular. Of note are the new addictions and concepts of poly-dependencies that involve common behaviors and trap people who suffering from them in a vicious circle. The main goal of this study is to investigate the possible mediating role that self-esteem had between trait anxiety and two specific new addictions: compulsive buying behavior and eating disorders. Furthermore, it was verified through a multigroup analysis that trait anxiety had a greater effect on eating disorders in a group of compulsive consumers. Three-hundred and fifty-two participants (67.9% women) were enrolled to participate in this study. The results showed that there was a direct effect of trait anxiety on eating disorders and on compulsive buying behavior; self-esteem mediated the effect of trait anxiety on eating disorders and compulsive buying behavior with specific differences; multi-group analysis showed differences in anxiety's effect on eating disorders between compulsive and non-compulsive consumers; the group of compulsive consumers revealed a significant and stronger effect of trait anxiety on eating disorders in all domains identified. Further research is recommended to better understand the predictors of these disorders and to contribute to a more effective preventive intervention.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Compulsive Behavior; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Consumer Behavior
PubMed: 36498319
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316245 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Surgical procedure is a critical event that causes anxiety for patients. One of the possible intervention strategies to reduce anxiety in the preoperative period is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Surgical procedure is a critical event that causes anxiety for patients. One of the possible intervention strategies to reduce anxiety in the preoperative period is psychoeducation.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted according to the JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR to map knowledge about psychoeducation programs to reduce preoperative anxiety in adults. The data were extracted by the researchers, according to the objective of the study. Finally, the data synthesis was presented in narrative format and tables.
RESULTS
four studies were included in the review with different characteristics of psychoeducation programs. The approach of these programs consisted of teaching about anxiety, instruction and training in anxiety control techniques. The contents referred to included the surgical process and intervention techniques to reduce anxiety. Program sessions lasted from 45 to 150 min, with a frequency of 1 to 6. The assessment instrument used was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The dynamisers were nurses, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychoeducation programs can be useful and effective in reducing anxiety. More studies are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 36612649
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010327 -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Sep 2020Anxiety in patients with cancer is highly prevalent; yet it remains underestimated and inadequately assessed. Little is known about predictors for anxiety in...
CONTEXT
Anxiety in patients with cancer is highly prevalent; yet it remains underestimated and inadequately assessed. Little is known about predictors for anxiety in hospitalized patients with cancer. Insight in predictors should improve recognition and enable a targeted approach.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of anxiety and predictors for anxiety in hospitalized patients with cancer at different stages of disease.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis of patients with cancer admitted to the Utrecht University Medical Center in 2015-2018 was conducted. The Utrecht Symptom Diary, an adapted Dutch version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, was used to assess symptom burden on a numeric rating scale (0 = no symptom and 10 = worst possible symptom). Scores ≥4 were considered clinically relevant. All patients completed the Utrecht Symptom Diary as part of routine care. The first questionnaire after admission was selected. Using multivariable linear regression, the predictive value of potential predictors on anxiety was analyzed.
RESULTS
In total, 2144 patients were included, of which 22% reported clinically relevant anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety was highest (36%) in patients receiving symptom-directed palliation only. In the total group, female gender, younger age, depressed mood, sleeping problems, dyspnea, and cancer of the head and neck were predictive of anxiety. Throughout all stages of disease, depressed mood was consistently the strongest predictor.
CONCLUSION
We found a high prevalence of anxiety in hospitalized patients with cancer. It is recommended to explore anxiety in hospitalized patients with cancer, in particular when they experience depressed mood. Structural use of a symptom diary during hospitalization facilitates the recognition of anxiety and concurrent symptoms.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Palliative Care
PubMed: 32305577
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.005 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Apr 2021Studies on the course of depression often ignore comorbid anxiety disorders or anxiety symptoms. We explored predictors of complete remission (no depression nor anxiety...
OBJECTIVE
Studies on the course of depression often ignore comorbid anxiety disorders or anxiety symptoms. We explored predictors of complete remission (no depression nor anxiety diagnoses at follow-up) and of the course of comorbid anxiety symptoms. We additionally tested the hypothesis that the course of anxiety disorders and symptoms in depressed patients is explained by negative life-events in the presence of high neuroticism or a low sense of mastery.
METHODS
An observational study of 270 patients (≥60 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 2-year follow-up data, who participated in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (NESDO). Sociodemographic, somatic, psychiatric, and treatment variables were first explored as possible predictors. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine their predictive value concerning complete remission. Subsequently, negative life-events, personality and their interaction were tested as potential predictors. Linear Mixed Models were used to assess whether the personality traits modified the effect of early and recent life-events, and time and their interactions on the course of the anxiety symptoms.
RESULTS
A total of 135 of 270 patients achieved complete remission. Depressed patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder at baseline less often achieved complete remission: 38 of 103 (37.0%) versus 97 of 167 (58.1%). The severity of depressive and anxiety symptomatology, the presence of a comorbid anxiety disorder, and a poorer physical health at baseline predicted nonremission. In line with our hypothesis, a less favorable course of self-reported anxiety symptoms was associated with more recent negative life-events, but only among patients with a high level of neuroticism or a low level of mastery.
CONCLUSION
Comorbid anxiety in depression as a negative impact on complete remission at 2-year follow-up. The course of anxiety severity seems dependent on the interaction of personality traits and life-events.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Neuroticism; Personality; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Self Report
PubMed: 33414001
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.12.023 -
CBE Life Sciences Education Mar 2021While student stress and anxiety are frequently cited as having negative effects on students' academic performance, the role that instructors can play in mitigating...
While student stress and anxiety are frequently cited as having negative effects on students' academic performance, the role that instructors can play in mitigating these challenges is often underappreciated. We provide summaries of different evidence-based strategies, ranging from changes in instructional strategies to specific classroom interventions, that instructors may employ to address and ameliorate student stress and anxiety. While we focus on students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the strategies we delineate may be more broadly applicable. We begin by highlighting ways in which instructors can learn about and prepare to act to alleviate stress and anxiety. We then discuss how to better connect with students and build an inclusive, equitable, and empowering classroom environment. When coupled with strategies to change student evaluation and assessment, these approaches may collectively reduce student stress and anxiety, as well as improve student performance. We then discuss the roles that instructors may play in empowering students with skills that improve their time management, studying, and approach toward learning, with an eye toward ensuring their success across all their academic endeavors. We conclude by noting areas in which further research is needed to determine best practices for alleviating student stress and anxiety.
Topics: Anxiety; Engineering; Humans; Students; Technology; Universities
PubMed: 33635124
DOI: 10.1187/cbe.20-08-0189 -
BMJ Open May 2021To identify available literature on prevalence, severity and contributing factors of scan-associated anxiety ('scanxiety') and interventions to reduce it. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To identify available literature on prevalence, severity and contributing factors of scan-associated anxiety ('scanxiety') and interventions to reduce it.
DESIGN
Systematic scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, EBSCO CINAHL and PubMed up to July 2020.
STUDY SELECTION
Eligible studies recruited people having cancer-related non-invasive scans (including screening) and contained a quantitative assessment of scanxiety.
DATA EXTRACTION
Demographics and scanxiety outcomes were recorded, and data were summarised by descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Of 26 693 citations, 57 studies were included across a range of scan types (mammogram: 26/57, 46%; positron-emission tomography: 14/57, 25%; CT: 14/57, 25%) and designs (observation: 47/57, 82%; intervention: 10/57, 18%). Eighty-one measurement tools were used to quantify prevalence and/or severity of scanxiety, including purpose-designed Likert scales (17/81, 21%); the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (14/81, 17%) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (9/81, 11%). Scanxiety prevalence ranged from 0% to 64% (above prespecified thresholds) or from 13% to 83% ('any' anxiety, if no threshold). Mean severity scores appeared low in almost all measures that quantitatively measured scanxiety (54/62, 87%), regardless of whether anxiety thresholds were prespecified. Moderate to severe scanxiety occurred in 4%-28% of people in studies using descriptive measures. Nine of 20 studies assessing scanxiety prescan and postscan reported significant postscan reduction in scanxiety. Lower education, smoking, higher levels of pain, higher perceived risk of cancer and diagnostic scans (vs screening scans) consistently correlated with higher scanxiety severity but not age, gender, ethnicity or marital status. Interventions included relaxation, distraction, education and psychological support. Six of 10 interventions showed a reduction in scanxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence and severity of scanxiety varied widely likely due to heterogeneous methods of measurement. A uniform approach to evaluating scanxiety will improve understanding of the phenomenon and help guide interventions.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34039571
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043215 -
International Journal of Stroke :... Oct 2013Negative psychological outcomes occur frequently after stroke; however, there is uncertainty regarding the occurrence of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms after... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Negative psychological outcomes occur frequently after stroke; however, there is uncertainty regarding the occurrence of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms after stroke. A systematic review of observational studies was conducted that assessed the frequency of anxiety in stroke patients using a diagnostic or screening tool.
SUMMARY OF REVIEW
Databases were searched up to March 2011. A random effects model was used to summarize the pooled estimate. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic. Forty-four published studies comprising 5760 stroke patients were included. The overall pooled estimate of anxiety disorders assessed by clinical interview was 18% (95%confidence interval 8-29%, I(2) = 97%) and was 25% (95% confidence interval 21-28%, I(2) = 90%) for anxiety assessed by rating scale. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale 'probable' and 'possible' cutoff scores were the most widely used assessment criteria. The combined rate of anxiety by time after stroke was: 20% (95% confidence interval 13-27%, I(2) = 96%) within one-month of stroke; 23% (95% confidence interval 19-27%, I(2) = 84%) one to five-months after stroke; and 24% (95% confidence interval 19-29%, I(2) = 89%) six-months or more after stroke.
CONCLUSION
Anxiety after stroke occurs frequently although methodological limitations in the primary studies may limit generalizability. Given the association between prevalence rates and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety cutoff used in studies, reported rates could in fact underrepresent the extent of the problem. Additionally, risk factors for anxiety, its impact on patient outcomes, and effects in tangent with depression remain unclear.
Topics: Anxiety; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Stroke
PubMed: 23013268
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00906.x -
Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Jul 2022Depersonalization is common in anxiety disorders, but little is known about factors that influence co-occurring anxiety and depersonalization.
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
Depersonalization is common in anxiety disorders, but little is known about factors that influence co-occurring anxiety and depersonalization.
DESIGN
We investigated trait moderators of the relationships between state and trait anxiety and depersonalization to better understand their co-occurrence and to identify potential points of intervention.
METHODS
Adults recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk ( = 303) completed two computer tasks designed to increase variability in state anxiety and depersonalization as well as several self-report questionnaires.
RESULTS
As hypothesized, anxiety positively predicted depersonalization at both a state level and trait level. Moreover, as hypothesized, the trait anxiety-trait depersonalization relationship was strengthened by greater anxiety sensitivity; distress intolerance; and negative interpretation bias for anxiety sensations, and for depersonalization sensations. None of these hypothesized trait moderators significantly strengthened the state anxiety-state depersonalization relationship.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that, on a trait level, anxiety and depersonalization more frequently co-occur when people catastrophically misinterpret their symptoms or have lower emotional distress tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depersonalization; Emotions; Humans; Self Report
PubMed: 34524043
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1977797