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Lancet (London, England)Abdominal aortic aneurysms cause 1.3% of all deaths among men aged 65-85 years in developed countries. These aneurysms are typically asymptomatic until the catastrophic... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysms cause 1.3% of all deaths among men aged 65-85 years in developed countries. These aneurysms are typically asymptomatic until the catastrophic event of rupture. Repair of large or symptomatic aneurysms by open surgery or endovascular repair is recommended, whereas repair of small abdominal aortic aneurysms does not provide a significant benefit. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is linked to the degradation of the elastic media of the atheromatous aorta. An inflammatory cell infiltrate, neovascularisation, and production and activation of various proteases and cytokines contribute to the development of this disorder, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this Seminar, we aim to provide an updated review of the pathophysiology, current and new diagnostic procedures, assessment, and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm to provide family practitioners with a working knowledge of this disorder.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15866312
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66459-8 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Feb 2023Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it poses a significant threat to human life due to a high... (Review)
Review
Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it poses a significant threat to human life due to a high risk of rupture. Because of its strong concealment, it is difficult to diagnose the disease in the early stage. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. Although current studies have discovered that inflammatory responses as well as the production and activation of various proteases promote aortic aneurysm, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Researchers are further exploring the pathogenesis of aneurysms to find new targets for diagnosis and treatment. To better understand aortic aneurysm, this review elaborates on the discovery history of aortic aneurysm, main classification and clinical manifestations, related molecular mechanisms, clinical cohort studies and animal models, with the ultimate goal of providing insights into the treatment of this devastating disease. The underlying problem with aneurysm disease is weakening of the aortic wall, leading to progressive dilation. If not treated in time, the aortic aneurysm eventually ruptures. An aortic aneurysm is a local enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the aortic wall. The disease is usually asymptomatic but leads to high mortality due to the risk of artery rupture.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 36737432
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01325-7 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Oct 2020
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Humans
PubMed: 33568257
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0811 -
Revue Medicale de Liege May 2018Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is a cardiovascular emergency associated with a 30 day mortality as high as 70 %. However, recent progresses in the management of... (Review)
Review
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is a cardiovascular emergency associated with a 30 day mortality as high as 70 %. However, recent progresses in the management of these patients have improved the results. From a surgical point of view, endovascular methods such as balloon occlusion and endovascular repair (EVAR) in patients with suitable anatomy are recommended in order to reduce mortality.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Endovascular Procedures; Humans
PubMed: 29926569
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Dec 2023Aortic aneurysm is a chronic disease characterized by localized expansion of the aorta, including the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta.... (Review)
Review
Aortic aneurysm is a chronic disease characterized by localized expansion of the aorta, including the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta. Although aortic aneurysms are generally asymptomatic, they can threaten human health by sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysms are estimated to lead to 150,000 ~ 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Currently, there are no effective drugs to prevent the growth or rupture of aortic aneurysms; surgical repair or endovascular repair is the only option for treating this condition. The pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets for aortic aneurysms have been examined over the past decade; however, there are unknown pathogenic mechanisms involved in cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, the complexity of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, inflammation, cell death, intramural neovascularization, and intercellular communication. This review summarizes the latest research findings and current pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms, which may enhance our understanding of aortic aneurysms.
Topics: Humans; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Chronic Disease; Aortic Rupture; Aorta
PubMed: 38036736
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01130-w -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Apr 2022
Topics: Aldosterone; Aortic Dissection; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Rupture; Humans
PubMed: 35263159
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18888 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Mar 2022Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice
PubMed: 32914434
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15260 -
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) May 2020Road traffic accidents are the main cause of traumatic aortic ruptures, mostly in combination with other severe injuries. The pre-hospital mortality rate is high.... (Review)
Review
Road traffic accidents are the main cause of traumatic aortic ruptures, mostly in combination with other severe injuries. The pre-hospital mortality rate is high. Suspected aortic trauma, following a high traumatic aortic injury score, is an indication for computer tomography. Injuries are triaged and the treatment priority of the aortic trauma is ascertained based on the severity of the aortic and concomitant injuries and the condition of the patient. Until definitive treatment of the aortic lesion is completed, the blood pressure of the patient must be kept low. Grade I and II lesions can be managed under strict monitoring with initial conservative treatment in individual cases. Grade III (contained perforation) and grade IV (open rupture) lesions need surgical or interventional treatment as swiftly as possible. In selected cases, a delayed treatment can also be advantageous.The endovascular stent graft therapy has established itself as the preferred form of treatment.
Topics: Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Rupture; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Stents; Treatment Outcome; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 31858346
DOI: 10.1007/s10354-019-00727-z -
The Journal of Invasive Cardiology Jul 2021This case demonstrates a rare but catastrophic complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). In an era where TAVR is now indicated in low-risk patients,...
This case demonstrates a rare but catastrophic complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). In an era where TAVR is now indicated in low-risk patients, serious complication rates are less frequent. It exemplifies the importance of preparedness for vascular injury, with readiness for vascular covered stenting and potential bail-out strategies.
Topics: Aortic Rupture; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Risk Factors; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34224386
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Sep 2018Across China and Southeast Asia, over 17,000 bears are currently farmed for bile, predominantly for traditional Chinese medicines. Bears on farms in China are cage...
Across China and Southeast Asia, over 17,000 bears are currently farmed for bile, predominantly for traditional Chinese medicines. Bears on farms in China are cage confined and undergo repeated daily bile extraction facilitated by surgically implanted catheters or gallbladder fistulas. Numerous health problems have been reported in bile-farmed bears including peritonitis, abdominal hernias, and extraction site abscessation. Between 2009 and 2014, five Asiatic black bears ( Ursus thibetanus) and one Asiatic black/Eurasian brown bear ( Ursus arctos arctos) hybrid, rescued from the bear bile industry in China, died from ruptured and/or dissecting aortic aneurysm. Medical records were reviewed and two bears exhibited no clinical signs prior to death. In four bears, clinical findings varied and included increased stereotypic behavior prior to death, epistaxis, retinal lesions, dysphagia, weight loss, and acute onset of hyporexia. On postmortem examination, hemopericardium with dissection and/or rupture of the ascending aorta and left ventricular wall hypertrophy were present in all cases. No evidence of infectious disease, connective tissue disorders, or congenital cardiac disease was identified. Based on these observations screening thoracic radiography was performed on all bears at the rescue center and aortic dilation was identified in 73 of 134 (54.5%) bile-extracted bears. To the authors' knowledge, aortic aneurysm, rupture, and/or dissection have not been previously reported in any bear species and the high prevalence in this population of bears suggests an association with bile-farming practices. Future studies are needed to investigate the etiopathogenesis of this condition to aid in early diagnosis and improved management of bears being rescued from bile farms across Asia.
Topics: Aortic Dissection; Animals; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Rupture; Ursidae
PubMed: 30212334
DOI: 10.1638/2018-0018.1