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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with putrescine on the growth performance and meat quality of chickens. A total of 480...
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with putrescine on the growth performance and meat quality of chickens. A total of 480 eighty-day-old female Wenchang chickens were randomly assigned into four groups, with 8 replications per group and 15 animals per replicate. The chickens in the control group (Con) were fed a basal diet; the 3 experimental groups were fed a basal diet with 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05% putrescine, respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.05% putrescine increased ( < 0.05) the final body weight and average daily weight gain, and decreased the ratio of feed intake to the body weight gain of Wenchang chickens. Dietary supplementation with putrescine decreased the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in serum ( < 0.05). The contents of methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, total essential amino acids, and total amino acids in breast muscle were higher ( < 0.05) in 0.03% and 0.05% groups than those in Con group. However, the contents of undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, docosanoic acid, tricosanic acid, lignoceric acid, erucic acid, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoate, linoleic acid, and total n-6 monounsaturated fatty acids in breast muscle were lower ( < 0.05) in 0.03% and 0.05% groups than those in Con group. In addition, putrescine supplementation decreased ( < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast meat. Overall, dietary supplementation with 0.05% putrescine enhanced the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens.
PubMed: 37174601
DOI: 10.3390/ani13091564 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022The effect of the mode of neonatal delivery (cesarean or vaginal) on the nutrient composition of human milk (HM) has rarely been studied. Given the increasing prevalence...
BACKGROUND
The effect of the mode of neonatal delivery (cesarean or vaginal) on the nutrient composition of human milk (HM) has rarely been studied. Given the increasing prevalence of cesarean section (C-section) globally, understanding the impact of C-section vs. vaginal delivery on the nutrient composition of HM is fundamental when HM is the preferred source of infant food during the first 4 postnatal months.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the association between mode of delivery and nutrient composition of HM in the first 4 months of life.
DESIGN
Milk samples were obtained from 317 healthy lactating mothers as part of an exploratory analyses within a multicenter European longitudinal cohort (ATLAS cohort) to study the HM composition, and its potential association with the mode of delivery. We employed traditional mixed models to study individual nutrient associations adjusted for mother's country, infant birth weight, parity, and gestational age, and complemented it, for the first time, with a multidimensional data analyses approach (non-negative tensor factorization, NTF) to examine holistically how patterns of multiple nutrients and changes over time are associated with the delivery mode.
RESULTS
Over the first 4 months, nutrient profiles in the milk of mothers who delivered vaginally ( = 237) showed significantly higher levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), arachidic acid (20:0), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosahexenoic acid (22:6n-3), erucic acid (22:1n-9), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)%, calcium, and phosphorus, whereas the ratios of arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (ARA/DHA) and n-6/n-3, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)% were higher in milk from women who had C-sections, in the unadjusted analyses ( < 0.05 for all), but did not retain significance when adjusted for confounders in the mixed models. Using a complementary multidimension data analyses approach (NTF), we show few similar patterns wherein a group of mothers with a high density of C-sections showed increased values for PUFA%, n-6/n-3, and ARA/DHA ratios, but decreased values of MUFA%, 20:1n-9, iodine, and fucosyl-sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose 2 during the first 4 months of lactation.
CONCLUSION
Our data provide preliminary insights on differences in concentrations of several HM nutrients (predominantly fatty acids) among women who delivered C-section. Although these effects tend to disappear after adjustment for confounders, given the similar patterns observed using two different data analytical approaches, these preliminary findings warrant further confirmation and additional insight on the biological and clinical effects related to such differences early in life.
PubMed: 35464009
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834394 -
Oncotarget Oct 2017Raman diagnostics and imaging have been shown to be an effective tool for the analysis and discrimination of human brain tumors from normal structures. Raman...
Raman diagnostics and imaging have been shown to be an effective tool for the analysis and discrimination of human brain tumors from normal structures. Raman spectroscopic methods have potential to be applied in clinical practice as they allow for identification of tumor margins during surgery. In this study, we investigate medulloblastoma (grade IV WHO) (n= 5), low-grade astrocytoma (grades I-II WHO) (n =4), ependymoma (n=3) and metastatic brain tumors (n= 1) and the tissue from the negative margins used as normal controls. We compare a high grade medulloblastoma, low grade astrocytoma and non-tumor samples from human central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Based on the properties of the Raman vibrational features and Raman images we provide a real-time feedback method that is label-free to monitor tumor metabolism that reveals reprogramming of biosynthesis of lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Our results indicate marked metabolic differences between low and high grade brain tumors. We discuss molecular mechanisms causing these metabolic changes, particularly lipid alterations in malignant medulloblastoma and low grade gliomas that may shed light on the mechanisms driving tumor recurrence thereby revealing new approaches for the treatment of malignant glioma. We have found that the high-grade tumors of central nervous system (medulloblastoma) exhibit enhanced level of β-sheet conformation and down-regulated level of α-helix conformation when comparing against normal tissue. We have found that almost all tumors studied in the paper have increased Raman signals of nucleic acids. This increase can be interpreted as increased DNA/RNA turnover in brain tumors. We have shown that the ratio of Raman intensities I/I at 2930 and 2845 cm is a good source of information on the ratio of lipid and protein contents. We have found that the ratio reflects the different lipid and protein contents of cancerous brain tissue compared to the non-tumor tissue. We found that levels of the saturated fatty acids were significantly reduced in the high grade medulloblastoma samples compared with non-tumor brain samples and low grade astrocytoma. Differences were also noted in the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content between medulloblastoma and non-tumor brain samples. The content of the oleic acid (OA) was significantly smaller in almost all brain high grade brain tumors than that observed in the control samples. It indicates that the fatty acid composition of human brain tumors differs from that found in non-tumor brain tissue. The iodine number N for the normal brain tissue is 60. For comparison OA has 87, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 464, α-linolenic acid (ALA) 274. The high grade tumors have the iodine numbers between that for palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid (N=0) and oleic acid (N=87). Most low grade tumors have N similar to that of OA. The iodine number for arachidonic acid (AA) (N=334) is much higher than those observed for all studied samples.
PubMed: 29156720
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19668 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Authentication of extra virgin olive oils is a key strategy for their valorization and a way to preserve olive biodiversity. Physical and thermal analysis have been...
Authentication of extra virgin olive oils is a key strategy for their valorization and a way to preserve olive biodiversity. Physical and thermal analysis have been proposed in this study as fast and green techniques to reach this goal. Thirteen extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) obtained from minor olive cultivars, harvested at three different ripening stages, in four Italian regions (Abruzzo, Apulia, Sardinia, and Calabria) have been studied. Thermal properties, viscosity and color, as influenced by fatty acid composition and chlorophyll content, have been investigated. The thermal curves of EVOOs, obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, were mostly influenced by the oleic acid content: a direct correlation with the cooling and heating enthalpy and an indirect correlation with the cooling transition range were observed. The minor fatty acids, and particularly arachidic acid, showed an influence, mostly on the heating thermograms. Viscosity and color showed respectively a correlation with fatty acids composition and chlorophyll content, however they didn't result able to discriminate between the samples. Thanks to the principal component analysis, the most influencing thermal parameters and fatty acids were used to cluster the samples, based on their botanical and geographical origin, resulting instead the harvesting time a less influential variable.
PubMed: 34064430
DOI: 10.3390/foods10051004 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and a highly priced product. Despite the strict legislation to protect it from...
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and a highly priced product. Despite the strict legislation to protect it from fraudulent practices, there is an increasing demand to characterize EVOOs and evaluate their authenticity. For this purpose, 68 monovarietal EVOOs, originating from three regions of Greece (Peloponnese, Crete, and Lesvos) and two local cultivars (Koroneiki and Kolovi), were obtained during the harvesting period of 2018-2019. Fatty acids, squalene, and tocopherols were determined chromatographically according to official methods in order to study the effect of cultivar and geographical origin. Squalene and γ-tocopherol differed significantly amongst the cultivars tested. Koroneiki samples exhibited higher squalene content than Kolovi samples, whereas the opposite was observed for γ-tocopherol. The tocopherol level was highly geographical dependent, with EVOOs from Peloponnese displaying the highest concentration of α-tocopherol, whereas the content of γ-tocopherol was significantly higher in samples from Lesvos. Unsupervised and supervised multivariate analysis resulted in a satisfactory grouping of EVOOs according to cultivar. γ-Tocopherol, squalene, and the majority of fatty acids were the most discriminant variables, with γ-tocopherol, linoleic, linolenic, and gadoleic acid being present at higher levels in samples from the Kolovi cultivar. Koroneiki samples were characterized with higher levels of squalene, palmitic, palmitoleic, and arachidic acid.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Food Analysis; Olive Oil; Squalene; Tocopherols
PubMed: 32839421
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173818 -
Open Life Sciences Jan 2019The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains uncertain and thus dedicated studies are still of much importance. Patients in this group are at high risk for...
Decrease in the Level of Nervonic Acid and Increased Gamma Linolenic Acid in the Plasma of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after a Three-month Low-glycaemic Index and Caloric Reduction Diet.
The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains uncertain and thus dedicated studies are still of much importance. Patients in this group are at high risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Our goal was to use a dietary intervention, facilitating the regression of the disease, through the observation of lipid and hormonal profiles, carbohydrate metabolic parameters and metabolomics of plasma fatty acids. There were 39 Caucasian women with PCOS aged 26.76 ±5.08 that qualified for this study. Fatty acid profiles were investigated using gas chromatography. The results of plasma fatty acids were compared with the initial results and the control group. A three-month caloric reduction diet with low glycemic index (GI) reduces the level of nervonic acid and is a great alternative in PCOS therapy. The introduction of rapeseed oil and olive oil to the lowered GI reduction diet caused the increase in the ratio of average length chain fatty acids (C10:0, C14:0) and the enhancement of synthesis pathways for pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n-6), but did not inhibit the synthesis of the derivatives of arachidic acid (C20:0). Additionally, a decrease in the level of nervonic acid (C24:1) was observed. Biochemical analysis of blood showed the improvement of plasma lipid fractions, but a significant reduction of androgen levels was not observed. A reduction diet with lowered GI lead to many positive effects in the improvement of the biochemical parameters of women with PCOS. It should be continued for a prolonged period of time, until the synthesis pathways for inflammatory factors are silenced.
PubMed: 33817156
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0026 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Previous studies have analyzed the associations between the circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no consistent...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have analyzed the associations between the circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no consistent conclusions have been reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma SFAs were in correlation with GDM risks in our in-house women cross-sectional study and to better define their associations on the clinical evidence available to date by a dose-response meta-analysis.
METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 807 pregnant women in 2018-2019 (Shanghai, China). GDM was defined according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). Gas chromatography was used to determine the plasma fatty acids (FAs) in the 24-28 gestational weeks. The SFAs levels of non-GDM and GDM participants were compared by Mann-Whitney test, and the association between SFAs and GDM was explored by multivariate logistic models. Further, the potential diagnostic value of plasma SFAs was evaluated using the method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. For meta-analysis, five databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2022, and we included 25 relevant studies for calculating pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CI to describe the differences in SFAs profiles between non-GDM and GDM women. Study-specific, multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CI were also pooled using a fixed-effect model or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity to evaluate the associations between circulating SFAs and GDM prevalence.
RESULTS
In our cross-sectional study, we found plasma proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0) was positively associated (aOR: 1.10 per 1% increase; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17), while plasma stearic acid (C18:0) (aOR: 0.76 per 1% increase; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89), arachidic acid (C20:0) (aOR: 0.92 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), behenic acid (C22:0) (aOR: 0.94 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) (aOR: 0.94 per 0.1% increase; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) were inversely associated with GDM. The area under the receiver operative characteristic curve increased from 0.7503 (the basic diagnostic model) to 0.8178 ( = 0.002) after adding total very-long-chain SFAs (VLcSFAs). A meta-analysis from 25 studies showed the circulating levels of three individual SFAs of GDM women were different from those of normal pregnant women. The summarized ORs for GDM was 1.593 (95% CI: 1.125, 2.255, = 0.009), 0.652 (95% CI: 0.472, 0.901, = 0.010) and 0.613 (95% CI: 0.449, 0.838, = 0.002), respectively, comparing the highest vs. lowest quantile of the concentrations of C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0.
CONCLUSION
Our results, combined with the findings from meta-analysis, showed that women with GDM had a particular circulating SFA profile, characterized by higher levels of palmitic acid, and lower levels of VLcSFAs. Alterations in the chain lengths of blood SFA profile were shown to be associated with the occurrence of GDM.
PubMed: 35978962
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.903689 -
Cancer Research Communications Sep 2023Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical....
UNLABELLED
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical. Here, we developed a diagnostic marker for early-stage ovarian cancer on the basis of fatty acid metabolism characteristics of cancer cells. The expression of various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was altered in early-stage ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal ovarian tissue. Changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, particularly SCD1, in cancer tissues were found to alter concentrations of multiple free fatty acids (FFA) in serum. We were the first to show that fatty acid metabolic characteristics in tissues are related to the FFA composition of serum. Surprisingly, patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer also showed significant changes in serum levels of eight FFAs, which can be early diagnostic markers. Finally, using statistical analysis, an optimal early diagnostic model combining oleic and arachidic acid levels, fatty acids associated with SCD1, was established and confirmed to have higher diagnostic power than CA125, regardless of histology. Thus, our newly developed diagnostic model using serum FFAs may be a powerful tool for the noninvasive early detection of ovarian cancer.
SIGNIFICANCE
Measurement of serum FFA levels by changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissue would allow early detection of ovarian cancer. In particular, the SCD1-associated FFAs, oleic and arachidic acid, would be powerful new screening tools for early-stage ovarian cancer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37712874
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0138 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and...
The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the () in Tan lambs were investigated in the present study. Thirty-nine 4-month-old male Tan lambs with similar body weight (24.91 ± 1.74 kg) were selected and divided into the three feeding systems ( = 13) randomly. Lambs were slaughtered after 83 days of the feeding trails, and muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that different feeding systems have no significant effect on short-chain fatty acids in Tan lambs ( > 0.05). However, the total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the GSF and GF groups were lower than those in the SF group ( < 0.001). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in the GSF group were higher than those in the GF and SF groups ( < 0.001). Moreover, in the comparison of both GF vs GSF groups and SF vs GSF groups, metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as cis-(6,9,12)-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, acetylcarnitine, and L-carnitine with lower concentration were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathway ( < 0.05), but metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate with higher concentrations were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the results indicated that in the comparison of the GSF group with the SF group, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as , , , , , and , were enriched in the steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, differential metabolites and genes showed a significant correlation with the content of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in lamb meat ( < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the feeding system was an important factor in regulating fatty acid content by affecting lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and gene expression in muscle, and graze-feeding system provided lamb meat with higher ∑PUFA content than time-limited-grazing and stall-feeding systems.
PubMed: 34828897
DOI: 10.3390/foods10112612 -
Biomedicines Sep 2022Circulating long-chain (LCSFAs) and very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have been differentially linked to risk of incident heart failure (HF). In patients...
BACKGROUND
Circulating long-chain (LCSFAs) and very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have been differentially linked to risk of incident heart failure (HF). In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of blood SFA levels with patient characteristics are unknown.
METHODS
From the Aldo-DHF-RCT, whole blood SFAs were analyzed at baseline in = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index methodology. Patient characteristics were 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87%/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e' 7.1 ± 1.5; and median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82-298). Spearman´s correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of blood SFAs with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, cardiac function, and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12-month follow-up (12 mFU).
RESULTS
In line with prior data supporting a potential role of de novo lipogenesis-related LCSFAs in the development of HF, we showed that baseline blood levels of C14:0 and C16:0 were associated with cardiovascular risk factors and/or lower exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF at baseline/12 mFU. Contrarily, the three major circulating VLSFAs, lignoceric acid (C24:0), behenic acid (C22:0), and arachidic acid (C20:0), as well as the LCSFA C18:0, were broadly associated with a lower risk phenotype, particularly a lower risk lipid profile. No associations were found between cardiac function and blood SFAs.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood SFAs were differentially linked to biomarkers and anthropometric markers indicative of a higher-/lower-risk cardiometabolic phenotype in HFpEF patients. Blood SFA warrant further investigation as prognostic markers in HFpEF. One Sentence Summary: In patients with HFpEF, individual circulating blood SFAs were differentially associated with cardiometabolic phenotype and aerobic capacity.
PubMed: 36140396
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092296